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  • Some cardinalfishes are small and careful enough

  • to hide amongst the spines of the crown of thorns starfish or the sea urchin,

  • thereby using the defense of the host to protect themselves.

  • This is known as a "commensal" relationship,

  • whereby one partner in the relationship benefits

  • while the other receives neither benefit nor harm.

  • It's a similar strategy adopted by anemonefishes.

  • They make their home in sea anemones,

  • the perfect refuge from predators.

  • Their skin has a special immunity from the anemone's stinging tentacles.

  • Skunk clownfish tend to favor the magnificent sea anemone.

  • Clark's anemonefish are not so particular

  • and find their home amongst a number of species of sea anemone.

  • This is a mutually-beneficial relationship.

  • While the fish are protected,

  • their feces provide food for the anemone

  • and they help keep it free of parasites.

  • They also chase away polyp eaters such as butterflyfishes,

  • thereby defending the anemone as well as their own family.

  • Some even attempt to chase off passing divers.

  • Juvenile Clark's anemonefish are predominantly orange in color.

  • Saddle anemonefish are not so prevalent

  • and are commonly associated with bubble-tip anemones

  • such as here at Richelieu Rock.

  • Juveniles display a white stripe reminiscent of other adult species.

  • Anyone who has seen the film "Finding Nemo"

  • will already be familiar with ocellaris clownfish.

  • They are normally found living amongst magnificent sea anemones.

  • Typically an anemone hosts a dominant female matriarch and her male mate,

  • as well as one or more juvenile anemonefish.

  • When the female dies, the male transforms into a female

  • and the highest ranking adolescent is promoted to be her mate.

  • Due to abnormally warm sea conditions,

  • this anemone has lost the symbiotic zooxanthellae that give it its color,

  • and may or may not recover.

  • Other types of fish have also evolved a resistance to the sea anemone's sting.

  • Juvenile domino damsels are often seen around sea anemones.

  • Competition with anemonefishes, as well as with each other,

  • can be fierce and incessant.

  • As adults they are one of the most aggressive fish on the reef, for their size,

  • and become less reliant on anemones for protection.

  • Another creature that uses the anemone to protect itself

  • is the porcelain anemone crab.

  • At the end of the crab's third maxillipeds

  • is a fan of bristles known as "setae"

  • which the crab holds against the current to filter plankton from the water.

  • Any collected food is scraped into the mouth

  • by smaller setae on the innermost maxillipeds.

  • Tube anemones are often seen in isolation on the seabed.

  • This tube anemone's stinging tentacles provide protection for a magnifcent shrimp,

  • as well phoronid worms which cover the tube.

  • A pair of whitecheek monocle bream pass by.

  • Jellyfishes, of course, are well known for their sting

  • and often attract hitchhikers such as small sardines.

  • The small fishes remain in the vicinity of the jellyfish,

  • sometimes for their whole lives.

  • When attacked, they find protection under the jellyfish's bell

  • or even right inside, past its stinging tentacles.

  • These hitchhikers are sheltering in a crowned jellyfish.

  • And this rhizostome jellyfish is harboring juvenile scad.

  • Older scad change from hunted to hunter.

  • The jellyfish's sting is no guarantee of its own survival.

  • This Australian spotted jellyfish at Racha Yai

  • comes under attack from a scrawled filefish.

Some cardinalfishes are small and careful enough

Subtitles and vocabulary

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C1 anemone jellyfish clark reef shark sea

Symbiosis & Anemonefish - Reef Life of the Andaman - Part 18

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    Bing-Je posted on 2013/12/12
Video vocabulary

Keywords

sea

US /si:/

UK /si:/

  • noun
  • The expanse of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface and surrounds its landmasses.
  • Very large group of people, similar-looking things
  • Large body of salty water with land around it
fish

US /fɪʃ/

UK /fɪʃ/

  • noun
  • Animal that swims and lives in water
  • other
  • To try to catch fish.
  • To search for something.
  • To try to get something indirectly.
  • verb
  • To go fishing with a net or hook
  • other
  • The flesh of fish used as food.
small

US /smɔl/

UK /smɔ:l/

  • adjective
  • Little in size; not big
  • (Of letters) not written in capital letters
  • Being insignificant or minor
  • (Of a business) with few people or things; local
  • (Of voice) being soft and quiet
  • (Of a child) being young
home

US /hom/

UK /həʊm/

  • noun
  • House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
  • Institution for sick or elderly people
  • Place where a person or a family lives
  • Country where a person lives or was born
  • Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
  • adverb
  • Into the correct or intended position
  • adjective
  • A sports team's own field or place of play
  • verb
  • To move towards a particular target location
color

US /ˈkʌlɚ/

UK /'kʌlə(r)/

  • verb
  • To change or affect someone's opinion
  • To make something colorful using colored pencils
  • noun
  • Quality of things you can see, e.g. red, blue
  • Pink or red in your face, e.g. after being ill
  • The shade of someone's skin e.g. black, or yellow
food

US /fud/

UK /fu:d/

  • noun
  • What people and animals eat to live
  • Things taken in by plants to maintain life
  • A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian
fan

US /fæn/

UK /fæn/

  • verb
  • To blow air upon a fire to make it stronger
  • To use a device to cool yourself, something
  • noun
  • Thing you wave in front of your face to stay cool
  • Someone who admires a famous person, sport etc.
receive

US /rɪˈsiv/

UK /rɪ'si:v/

  • verb
  • To get something someone has given or sent to you
  • To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
  • To welcome someone as a guest into your home
  • To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way
  • other
  • To suffer an injury
  • To get or be given something
  • To get a signal
  • To experience or suffer something.
  • To welcome someone
collect

US /kəˈlɛkt/

UK /kəˈlekt/

  • adverb
  • By asking the receiver of a call to pay for it
  • adjective
  • (of a telephone call) charged to the person receiving it.
  • other
  • To obtain payment of (a debt).
  • To gather together; assemble.
  • To obtain from various places or people.
  • verb
  • To ask for money, e.g. for a charity
  • To gather things, people together in one place
  • To get and keep one type of things as a hobby
  • To increase or build up into a pile over time
  • To take things and bring them together
  • To go and receive, e.g. a prize or an award
  • To take control of your own feelings or thoughts
  • other
  • To come together; assemble.
  • noun
  • A short prayer.
tube

US /tub,tjub/

UK /tju:b/

  • noun
  • Plastic or metal container for soft substances
  • Long hollow pipe used to hold or liquids or gases