abnormal
US /æbˈnɔ:rml/
UK /æbˈnɔ:ml/
- Adjective
- Not normal, not typical, not usual, not regular
- Relating to behavior that deviates from the norm.
B1Moreamino
US /ə'miːnəʊ/
UK /ə'miːnəʊ/
- Noun
- Of some substances that form proteins
C2Moreapparatus
US /ˌæpəˈretəs, -ˈrætəs/
UK /ˌæpə'reɪtəs/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Tools or instruments used for a specific activity
B1TOEICMoreappearance
US /əˈpɪrəns/
UK /əˈpɪərəns/
- Noun
- The way a person looks to others
- The way that something looks
A2TOEICMorebased on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
- Preposition
- Using something as the main idea or foundation.
- Relying on something as evidence or justification.
A1Morebreak down
US /brek daʊn/
UK /breik daun/
- Phrasal Verb
- To forcibly break, destroy or make collapse
- (Machine) to stop working or become weaker
A1Morebud
US /bʌd/
UK /bʌd/
- Noun
- Small part of a plant that will be a flower
B2Morecalcium
US /ˈkælsiəm/
UK /'kælsɪəm/
- Uncountable Noun
- A substance important for making bones and teeth
- A substance containing calcium, taken to improve health.
C2Morecarbohydrate
US /ˌkɑrboˈhaɪˌdret/
UK /ˌkɑ:bəʊˈhaɪdreɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Substance providing energy in foods (rice, bread)
- Any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal
B2Morecellular
US /ˈsɛljəlɚ/
UK /'seljələ(r)/
- Adjective
- Concerning a cell of a living thing
- (Of radio signals) functioning without wires
B2Morecholesterol
US /kəˈlestərɔ:l/
UK /kəˈlestərɒl/
- Uncountable Noun
- Substance in the body that may cause heart disease
- Noun
- A test to measure the amount of cholesterol in your blood.
B2Moreconcentration
US /ˌkɑ:nsnˈtreɪʃn/
UK /ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Amount or number of something in a thing or place
- Paying (a lot of) attention to a task
A2Morecontact
US /ˈkɑnˌtækt/
UK /'kɒntækt/
- Adjective
- Touching or feeling something
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Touching or feeling something
- Object that allows electricity to run through it
A2Morecontraction
US /kənˈtrækʃən/
UK /kənˈtrækʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Process of becoming smaller in length/size
- Involuntary, often painful tightening of a muscle
B2Morecritical
US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/
UK /ˈkrɪtɪkl/
- Adjective
- Making a negative judgment of something
- Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
A2Morecrucial
US /ˈkruʃəl/
UK /'kru:ʃl/
- Adjective
- Extremely important or necessary
- Of great importance to the success of something.
B1Moredefective
US /dɪˈfɛktɪv/
UK /dɪˈfektɪv/
- Adjective
- Having a defect; faulty
- Noun
- A person with a mental or physical disability (offensive, archaic).
B1Moredegradation
US /ˌdɛɡrəˈdeʃən/
UK /ˌdegrəˈdeɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Reduction in quality or character
- The act of treating someone poorly and without respect.
B2Moredirect
US /dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ-/
UK /də'rekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
- To show the way by conducting or leading
- Adverb
- Coming straight from something
A2TOEICMoredivide
US /dɪˈvaɪd/
UK /dɪ'vaɪd/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To split numbers by another number, e.g. 6 / 2 = 3
- To separate something into equal pieces
- Noun
- A separation or distinction.
A2TOEICMoreendoplasmic
US /ˌendə'plazmɪk/
UK /ˌendə'plazmɪk/
- Adjective
- Inner portion of the cytoplasm of a cell
C2Moreenvelope
US /ˈenvəloʊp/
UK /ˈenvələʊp/
- Countable Noun
- Paper cover you put around a letter to mail it
- A container for data in computing.
B1Moreessentially
US /ɪˈsenʃəli/
UK /ɪˈsenʃəli/
- Adverb
- Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)
- Used to emphasize the basic truth or fact of a situation.
A2Morefold
US /fold/
UK /fəʊld/
- Transitive Verb
- To bend one part of something against another
- (Of business) to fail or close down
- Countable Noun
- Pen where sheep are kept
- Group of people who have a common belief
B1TOEICMorefor example
US
UK
- Phrase
- As an illustration or instance.
formation
US /fɔ:rˈmeɪʃn/
UK /fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn/
- Noun
- Process of creating; making a particular shape
B1Morefrom now on
US /frʌm naʊ ɑn/
UK /frɔm nau ɔn/
- Phrase
- Starting at this moment and continuing indefinitely into the future.
A1Morefunction
US /ˈfʌŋkʃən/
UK /'fʌŋkʃn/
- Noun
- Social event, or party such as a wedding
- Mathematical operation used in calculations
- Intransitive Verb
- To serve a certain purpose or role
- To be operating, working or achieving its purpose
A2TOEICMorefuse
US /fjuz/
UK /fju:z/
- Noun
- Device connected to and making a bomb explode
- Electrical safety device
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- (Metal) to become one through heat contact
- To become combined; unite.
B2Moreglucose
US /ˈɡluˌkos/
UK /'ɡlu:kəʊs/
- Uncountable Noun
- Natural type of sugar found in fruits and plants
- The concentration of glucose in the blood, often measured to monitor metabolic health.
C1Morehalt
US /hɔlt/
UK /hɔ:lt/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To stop, or cause something, e.g. a car, to stop
- Noun
- A temporary or final stop.
B1TOEICMorein summary
US /ɪn ˈsʌməri/
UK /in ˈsʌməri/
- Phrase
- Briefly stating or reviewing main points.
B2Morein the rough
US /ɪn ðə ˈrʌf/
UK /in ðə ˈrʌf/
- other
- In an area of longer grass on a golf course, off the fairway.
- other
- Not yet refined, unpolished or undeveloped.
B2Moreliver
US /ˈlɪvɚ/
UK /ˈlɪvə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Organ from animals served as food
- Organ that absorbs food and cleans the blood
B1Moremembrane
US /ˈmɛmˌbren/
UK /'membreɪn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Outside covering of a cell
- A thin covering of tissue or of a cell
B2Moremention
US /ˈmɛnʃən/
UK /'menʃn/
- Transitive Verb
- To refer to or talk or write about something
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of referring to or talking about something
- A formal acknowledgement of something
A2TOEICMoremetabolism
US /mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm/
UK /məˈtæbəlɪzəm/
- Uncountable Noun
- Chemical processes to convert food to energy
- The rate at which the body uses energy.
B2Moremodify
US /ˈmɑ:dɪfaɪ/
UK /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/
- Transitive Verb
- To make minor change to something
B1Moremove along
US /muv əˈlɔŋ/
UK /mu:v əˈlɔŋ/
- Phrasal Verb
- To make progress; advance.
- To tell someone to leave or keep moving.
B1Moremove on
US /muv ɑn/
UK /mu:v ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To decide to change or go to a different place
- To start talking about something different.
A1Morenucleus
US /ˈnu:kliəs/
UK /ˈnju:kliəs/
- Noun
- Center of an atom
- Control center of a cell
B2Moreon to
US /ɑn tu/
UK /ɔn tu:/
- Preposition
- Toward something; forward
- Aware of someone's activities.
- Adjective
- Aware of someone's deception or illegal activities.
A1Moreoutside of
US /aʊtˈsaɪd ʌv/
UK /ˌautˈsaid ɔv/
- Preposition
- Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
- Beyond the scope, range, or limits of something.
A1Morepancreatic
US /ˌpæŋkrɪ'ætɪk/
UK /ˌpæŋkrɪ'ætɪk/
- Adjective
- Do with the long gland, that is behind the stomach
C2Morepeptide
US /ˈpɛpˌtaɪd/
UK /ˈpeptaɪd/
- Noun
- Amide derived from two or more amino acids
C1Morephysical
US /ˈfɪzɪkəl/
UK /ˈfɪzɪkl/
- Countable Noun
- Health check at the doctors' or hospital
- Adjective
- Concerning the body of a person
- Concerning things that can be seen or touched
A2Moreplasma
US /ˈplæzmə/
UK /ˈplæzmə/
- Uncountable Noun
- Substance in which the blood cells are carried
- Gas-like substance with little electric charge
B2Moreproper
US /ˈprɑpɚ/
UK /'prɒpə(r)/
- Adjective
- Correct according to social or moral rules
- Behaving in a polite and socially acceptable way.
A2TOEICMoreproperly
US /ˈprɑːpərli/
UK /ˈprɔpəlɪ/
- Adverb
- In an appropriate or correct manner
- In a way that is suitable or appropriate.
A2Moreprotein
US /ˈprəʊˌtiːn/
UK /ˈprəʊti:n/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Group of molecules made from amino acids
B1Morequality
US /ˈkwɑlɪti/
UK /'kwɒlətɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Feature associated with someone or something
- High level of worth or excellence
- Adjective
- Of a high standard
A2TOEICMorereceptor
US /rɪˈseptər /
UK /rɪˈseptə(r)/
- Noun
- A nerve ending that changes stimuli into impulses
B2Morerecognition
US /ˌrɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/
UK /ˌrekəgˈnɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Accepting that something is true or that it exists
- Considering something as important or special
B1TOEICMorerecognize
US /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/
UK /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/
- Transitive Verb
- To accept the truth or reality of something
- To consider something as important or special
A2TOEICMorerough
US /rʌf/
UK /rʌf/
- Adjective
- Causing or involving violence, force, and harm
- (Of situations) tough; difficult to get through
- Adverb
- In a manner that is difficult, or violent
A2Moresecrete
US /sɪˈkrit/
UK /sɪ'kri:t/
- Transitive Verb
- To hide something so it will not be seen or found
- To produce a liquid from a bodily organ
B1Moresteroid
US /ˈstɪrˌɔɪd, ˈstɛr-/
UK /ˈsterɔɪd/
- Noun
- Drug making muscles bigger and giving more energy
B2Morestuff
US /stʌf/
UK /stʌf/
- Uncountable Noun
- Generic description for things, materials, objects
- Transitive Verb
- To push material inside something, with force
B1Moresuch as
US /sʌtʃ æz/
UK /sʌtʃ æz/
- Preposition
- For example; like
A1Moresummary
US /ˈsʌməri/
UK /ˈsʌməri/
- Adjective
- Brief, complete and accurate
- Noun
- Shorter statement of the most important parts
B1Moresynthesis
US /ˈsɪnθɪsɪs/
UK /ˈsɪnθəsɪs/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Process of making something new out of other ones
- Building something complex from simple parts
B2TOEICMoresynthesize
US /ˈsɪnθɪˌsaɪz/
UK /'sɪnθəsaɪz/
- Transitive Verb
- To combine different things into a new form
- To combine different things into a new form
B2Morethink about
US /θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/
UK /θiŋk əˈbaut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To consider something carefully.
- To remember or call to mind.
A1Morethink of
US /θɪŋk ʌv/
UK /θiŋk ɔv/
- Phrasal Verb
- To look on as (being something specific); consider
- To consider or remember something.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To imagine or call something to mind
A1Morevesicle
US /ˈvɛsɪkəl/
UK /ˈvesɪkl/
- Noun
- Small bladder-like structure in the body
C2More
Vocabulary
- in summary: Briefly stating or reviewing main points.
- such as: For example; like
- from now on: Starting at this moment and continuing indefinitely into the future.
- think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
- based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
- in the rough: In an area of longer grass on a golf course, off the fairway.
- think about: To consider something carefully.
- outside of: Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
- break down: To forcibly break, destroy or make collapse
- move along: To make progress; advance.
- on to: Toward something; forward
- move on: To decide to change or go to a different place
- for example: As an illustration or instance.
- stuff: Generic description for things, materials, objects
- crucial: Extremely important or necessary
- essentially: Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)
- recognize: To accept the truth or reality of something
- critical: Making a negative judgment of something
- metabolism: Chemical processes to convert food to energy
- properly: In an appropriate or correct manner
- physical: Health check at the doctors' or hospital
- cholesterol: Substance in the body that may cause heart disease
- proper: Correct according to social or moral rules
- protein: Group of molecules made from amino acids
- quality: Feature associated with someone or something
- divide: To split numbers by another number, e.g. 6 / 2 = 3
- concentration: Amount or number of something in a thing or place
- function: Social event, or party such as a wedding
- mention: To refer to or talk or write about something
- direct: To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
- glucose: Natural type of sugar found in fruits and plants
- recognition: Accepting that something is true or that it exists
- appearance: The way a person looks to others
- rough: Causing or involving violence, force, and harm
- contact: Touching or feeling something
- create: To make, cause, or bring into existence
- halt: To stop, or cause something, e.g. a car, to stop
- contraction: Process of becoming smaller in length/size
- calcium: A substance important for making bones and teeth
- apparatus: Tools or instruments used for a specific activity
- carbohydrate: Substance providing energy in foods (rice, bread)
- fold: To bend one part of something against another
- receive: To get something someone has given or sent to you
- formation: Process of creating; making a particular shape
- important: Having power or authority
- control: A device designed to operate a machine
- system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
- allow: To admit the validity or truth of something
- membrane: Outside covering of a cell
- liver: Organ from animals served as food
- modify: To make minor change to something
- receptor: A nerve ending that changes stimuli into impulses
- grow: To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
- cellular: Concerning a cell of a living thing
- make: To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
- include: To make someone, something part of a group
- summary: Brief, complete and accurate
- nucleus: Center of an atom
- finally: used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
- abnormal: Not normal, not typical, not usual, not regular
- plasma: Substance in which the blood cells are carried
- secrete: To hide something so it will not be seen or found
- defective: Having a defect; faulty
- think: To have an idea about something without certainty
- fuse: Device connected to and making a bomb explode
- check: Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
- envelope: Paper cover you put around a letter to mail it
- degradation: Reduction in quality or character
- bud: Small part of a plant that will be a flower
- amino: Of some substances that form proteins
- post: To send a letter or package using stamps
- give: Degree of flexibility in something, a material
- synthesize: To combine different things into a new form
- close: Almost; near
- synthesis: Process of making something new out of other ones
- steroid: Drug making muscles bigger and giving more energy
- pancreatic: Do with the long gland, that is behind the stomach
- peptide: Amide derived from two or more amino acids
- endoplasmic: Inner portion of the cytoplasm of a cell
- vesicle: Small bladder-like structure in the body
Get the full experience in the app
Learn anywhere with detailed sentence and usage analysis
01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
Get the full experience in the app
Look up words anytime with pronunciation, part of speech, and usage
brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
Get the full experience in the app
Practice speaking anytime and get instant pronunciation feedback
Try this speaking exercise.
Try practicing with this sentence.
80
Endoplasmic Reticulum
0
林宜悉 posted on 2026/09/11Ever wondered about the cell's powerhouse for protein and lipid production? This video dives deep into the endoplasmic reticulum, explaining the distinct roles of the rough ER in protein synthesis and folding, and the smooth ER in lipid metabolism and detoxification. You'll pick up key terms like 'ribosomes,' 'chaperones,' and 'steroid synthesis' to boost your biology vocabulary!
Learn this video on the APP!
The VoiceTube App has more in-depth practice for videos!