affect
US /əˈfɛkt/
UK /ə'fekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a change in something else
- To pretend to have or feel (something).
- Noun
- (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
A2TOEICMoreassociation
US /əˌsoʊʃi'eɪʃn/
UK /əˌsəʊʃɪ'eɪʃn/
- Noun
- Organization of people with the same interest
B1TOEICMoreat the moment
US
UK
- Adverb
- At this time; now
A1Moreban
US /bæn/
UK /bæn/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something illegal or not allowed
- To prohibit someone from participating in a particular online community or game.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Official action preventing something happening
- A prohibition from participating in a particular online community or game.
B1Moreblanket
US /ˈblæŋkɪt/
UK /'blæŋkɪt/
- Countable Noun
- Piece of cloth you covers yourself with in bed
- Transitive Verb
- To cover something completely so it cannot be seen
A2TOEICMorecancer
US /ˈkænsɚ/
UK /'kænsə(r)/
- Noun
- Any growth caused by abnormal cell division
B1Moreceramic
US /səˈræmɪk/
UK /sə'ræmɪk/
- Adjective
- Made from clay and hardened in a very hot oven
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Item made from clay and hardened in a hot oven
- A hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material made by shaping and then firing a nonmetallic mineral, such as clay, at a high temperature.
B2Morechemical
US /ˈkɛmɪkəl/
UK /ˈkemɪkl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Basic substance produced by mixing elements
- The branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.
- Adjective
- Made of various elements
A2Morecommission
US /kəˈmɪʃən/
UK /kə'mɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Money paid for a service, e.g. money exchanging
- An official role or title in the military
- Transitive Verb
- To hire someone, order work to be done for payment
- To formally ask someone to create or produce something.
A2TOEICMoredeem
US /dim/
UK /di:m/
- Transitive Verb
- To judge something to be a certain thing, way
B2Moredepending on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
- Influenced or determined by.
- Preposition
- Subject to; contingent on
- Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
A2Morediet
US /ˈdaɪɪt/
UK /'daɪət/
- Intransitive Verb
- To eat special or less food, as to lose weight
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Plan of eating to reduce weight or improve health
- The usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal)
A2TOEICMoredurable
US /ˈdʊrəbəl, ˈdjʊr-/
UK /ˈdjʊərəbl/
- Adjective
- Able to stay in good condition for a long time
B2TOEICMoreexposure
US /ɪkˈspoʒɚ/
UK /ɪk'spəʊʒə(r)/
- Noun
- Allowing light through a cameras lens onto film
- Being talked about in the media
A2TOEICMorefertility
US /fɚˈtɪlɪti/
UK /fəˈtɪləti/
- Uncountable Noun
- The state of a female being able to produce young
- State of soil being able to produce many plants
B1Morefiber
US /'faɪbə/
UK /'faɪbə/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Basic character and nature of a person
- Stringy substance found in food, e.g. wholewheat
C2Morefilter
US /ˈfɪltɚ/
UK /'fɪltə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Device to remove certain types of light, sound
- Device to remove unwanted things from liquid, gas
- Transitive Verb
- To remove certain types of light, sound
- To remove unwanted substances from a liquid or gas
B1Morefor example
US
UK
- Phrase
- As an illustration or instance.
for sure
US /fɔr ʃʊr/
UK /fɔ: ʃuə/
- Adverb
- Definitely; certainly; without a doubt.
- Used to emphasize a statement.
- Interjection
- An expression of strong agreement or affirmation.
A2Moregenuinely
US /ˈdʒɛnjʊɪnlɪ/
UK /'dʒenjʊɪnlɪ/
- Adverb
- In a real, actual, not false or artificial way
- In a sincere and honest way.
A2Moregrease
US /ɡris/
UK /gri:s/
- Uncountable Noun
- Liquid or melted fat from animals used for cooking
- Thick gel used to lubricate a machine
- Transitive Verb
- To use grease to lubricate a machine
B2Morehormonal
US /hɔ:'moʊnl/
UK /hɔ:'məʊnl/
- Adjective
- Concerning or caused by hormones in the body
B2Moreidentify
US /aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ/
UK /aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/
- Transitive Verb
- To indicate who or what someone or something is
- To say exactly what something is
B1TOEICMorein detail
US /ɪn dɪˈtel/
UK /in ˈdi:teil/
- Phrase
- Thoroughly and completely; giving full particulars.
A2Moreinvestigation
US /ɪnˌvɛstɪˈɡeʃən/
UK /ɪnˌvestɪ'ɡeɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Search for information about something
B1Moreinvolvement
US /ɪnˈvɑːlvmənt/
UK /ɪnˈvɒlvmənt/
- Uncountable Noun
- Act or process of joining in a particular activity
B1TOEICMorekeen
US /kin/
UK /ki:n/
- Adjective
- Being eager or excited for something to happen
- Liking something; wanting to do or have; desiring
- Intransitive Verb
- To make a loud sad cry, as because someone died
B1TOEICMorekidney
US /ˈkɪdni/
UK /'kɪdnɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Body organ that cleans blood, producing urine
- An animal kidney used as food.
- Adjective
- Relating to the kidneys.
- Having the shape of a kidney; bean-shaped.
B2Morelayer
US /ˈleɚ/
UK /ˈleiə/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- One of several sheets of a material or object
- A covering of something spread over a surface.
- Transitive Verb
- To put things one on top of another
B1TOEICMoreleach
US /li:tʃ/
UK /li:tʃ/
- Transitive Verb
- To remove by passing a liquid through a substance
C1Morelimit
US /ˈlɪmɪt/
UK /'lɪmɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Point beyond which it is not possible to go
- A line or edge marking the boundary of an area.
- Transitive Verb
- To stop or prevent an increase past a point
A2TOEICMoreliver
US /ˈlɪvɚ/
UK /ˈlɪvə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Organ from animals served as food
- Organ that absorbs food and cleans the blood
B1Moremakeup
US /ˈmekˌʌp/
UK /'meɪkʌp/
- Uncountable Noun
- Substance put on the face to make you look pretty
- The way in which something is formed or composed.
- Transitive Verb
- To invent or fabricate something.
- To compensate for something.
B2Moremilliliter
US /'mɪlɪˌli:tə/
UK /'mɪlɪˌli:tə/
- Countable Noun
- Unit of liquid volume equal to 0.001 liter
- Unit of liquid volume equal to 0.001 liter
C2Moreminimize
US /ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz/
UK /'mɪnɪmaɪz/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something seem small or less important
B1Moreniche
US /ni:ʃ/
UK /nɪtʃ/
- Noun
- Small part of a market representing an opportunity
- Area with all specific plant/animal needs to live
- Intransitive Verb
- To specialize in a particular market segment or area.
B2Morenon stick
US
UK
- Noun
- A substance used to coat a surface to prevent things from sticking to it.
B1Moreof course
US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/
UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/
- Adverb
- Sure ; Certainly
- Phrase
- For sure; certainly
A2Moreof interest
US /əv ˈɪntrɪst/
UK /əv ˈɪntrəst/
- other
- Relevant or important to someone or something.
B2Morepanorama
US /ˌpænəˈræmə, -ˈrɑmə/
UK /ˌpænə'rɑ:mə/
- Noun
- Full and wide view of something
B2Morerealistic
US /ˌriəˈlɪstɪk/
UK /ˌri:əˈlɪstɪk/
- Adjective
- Looks or appears real; like things really are
- Having or showing a practical awareness of things as they are
A2Morerecommend
US /ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd/
UK /ˌrekə'mend/
- Transitive Verb
- To advise or suggest that someone do something
- To endorse or support something publicly.
A2TOEICMorereduce
US /rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus/
UK /rɪ'dju:s/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
- To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
A2TOEICMoreresearch
US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/
UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Study done to discover new ideas and facts
- A particular area or topic of study.
A2TOEICMorerevolutionary
US /ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri/
UK /ˌrevə'lu:ʃənərɪ/
- Adjective
- Marking a significant change in something
- Relating to a violent replacement of a government
- Countable Noun
- Person fighting to replace a government
B2Morescratch
US /skrætʃ/
UK /skrætʃ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To rub your skin with your nails to stop an itch
- To make a small cut or mark on a surface
- Noun
- Action of rubbing your skin when itchy
- A small cut or mark on a surface
B1TOEICMoresolar
US /ˈsolɚ/
UK /'səʊlə(r)/
- Adjective
- Concerning the sun, or its heat
B1Morestick
US /stɪk/
UK /stɪk/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To push a sharp or pointed object into something
- To join together using glue or paste
- Countable Noun
- Long thin piece of wood from a tree
A2Moresuch as
US /sʌtʃ æz/
UK /sʌtʃ æz/
- Preposition
- For example; like
A1Moretap
US /tæp/
UK /tæp/
- Transitive Verb
- To access a liquid (e.g. in a tree) through a hole
- To spy one someone electronically
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Faucet; the place you can get water from a pipe
- Light hit, generally one that makes a sound
A2Moretransition
US /trænˈzɪʃən, -ˈsɪʃ-/
UK /trænˈzɪʃn/
- Noun
- Change from one state, movement, place to another
- Intransitive Verb
- To change state, movement, place, or subject
B1Moreurine
US /ˈjʊrən/
UK /ˈjʊərɪn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Yellow liquid waste from the body
C1Moreused to
US /juzd tu/
UK /ˈju:st tə/
- Adjective
- Did regularly before, but don't do now
- Auxiliary Verb
- Have done before, but do not do now
A1Morevary
US /ˈveri/
UK /ˈveəri/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To change something and make it different
- To be changeable, both up and down
A2TOEICMorewaterproof
US /ˈwɔtɚˌpruf, ˈwɑtə-/
UK /'wɔ:təpru:f/
- Adjective
- That keeps water out, as of clothes
- Resistant to water entering
- Transitive Verb
- To make resistant to water entering
C2Morework together
US /wɚk təˈɡɛðɚ/
UK /wə:k təˈɡeðə/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To collaborate or cooperate with others to achieve a common goal.
A1More
Vocabulary
- non stick: A substance used to coat a surface to prevent things from sticking to it.
- of course: Sure ; Certainly
- used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
- such as: For example; like
- for example: As an illustration or instance.
- for sure: Definitely; certainly; without a doubt.
- depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
- work together: To collaborate or cooperate with others to achieve a common goal.
- in detail: Thoroughly and completely; giving full particulars.
- of interest: Relevant or important to someone or something.
- at the moment: At this time; now
- sort: To organize things by putting them into groups
- stick: To push a sharp or pointed object into something
- genuinely: In a real, actual, not false or artificial way
- recommend: To advise or suggest that someone do something
- exposure: Allowing light through a cameras lens onto film
- identify: To indicate who or what someone or something is
- scratch: To rub your skin with your nails to stop an itch
- research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- fertility: The state of a female being able to produce young
- realistic: Looks or appears real; like things really are
- keen: Being eager or excited for something to happen
- affect: To cause a change in something else
- filter: Device to remove certain types of light, sound
- association: Organization of people with the same interest
- tap: To access a liquid (e.g. in a tree) through a hole
- transition: Change from one state, movement, place to another
- throw: To use your arm to make something fly in the air
- diet: To eat special or less food, as to lose weight
- deem: To judge something to be a certain thing, way
- kidney: Body organ that cleans blood, producing urine
- urine: Yellow liquid waste from the body
- fiber: Basic character and nature of a person
- reduce: To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
- durable: Able to stay in good condition for a long time
- commission: Money paid for a service, e.g. money exchanging
- layer: One of several sheets of a material or object
- vary: To change something and make it different
- chemical: Basic substance produced by mixing elements
- revolutionary: Marking a significant change in something
- lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- niche: Small part of a market representing an opportunity
- investigation: Search for information about something
- blanket: Piece of cloth you covers yourself with in bed
- limit: Point beyond which it is not possible to go
- detail: Small part of something; tiny fact
- liver: Organ from animals served as food
- grease: Liquid or melted fat from animals used for cooking
- ban: To make something illegal or not allowed
- solar: Concerning the sun, or its heat
- head: To hit a ball with your head in a game
- change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
- find: To become aware of something that is happening
- product: Item that can be bought
- minimize: To make something seem small or less important
- ceramic: Made from clay and hardened in a very hot oven
- think: To have an idea about something without certainty
- check: Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
- want: To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing
- hormonal: Concerning or caused by hormones in the body
- cancer: Any growth caused by abnormal cell division
- live: To be alive
- makeup: Substance put on the face to make you look pretty
- people: Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
- tell: To (strongly) advise a person to do something
- health: (Person, company) being in a good condition; well
- involvement: Act or process of joining in a particular activity
- waterproof: That keeps water out, as of clothes
- leach: To remove by passing a liquid through a substance
- panorama: Full and wide view of something
- milliliter: Unit of liquid volume equal to 0.001 liter
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
What are forever chemicals, and how do they impact our health? | BBC News
0
林宜悉 posted on 2025/12/01Ever wondered about those 'forever chemicals' lurking in everyday products? This BBC News investigation dives deep into PFAS, explaining their surprising impact on our health and how they contaminate our environment. You'll pick up crucial vocabulary related to exposure, health risks like infertility, and practical tips for reducing your contact with these substances!
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