which included spanking women with goatskin to promote fertility in the coming year.

In 2020, China's fertility rate⏤or the number of children a woman has over her lifetime⏤came in at 1.3, which is one of the lowest in the world.

Human males can retain their fertility for their whole lives, which would suggest that whatever evolutionary pressures led to grandmothering, didn't apply to grandfathering.

Conversely, evidence is already pointing to declining fertility rates.

They tell you, once you take a cup of this tea every morning for say one month you're going to lose weight. And there's also things like herbal cure-it-alls, you know, lots of mixtures of herbs which they claim, oh this can cure HIV, this can cure cancer, this can cure sickle cell anemia. And there are lots of messages from health experts, even state regulatory bodies, saying, oh these things do not work. We do not have any evidence that these things will offer you the value that this will promise, that it offers. And then there are also things like unregulated fertility and aphrodisiac products. You know, people and lots of messages online will tell you, oh once you take this or you apply this topically, you're going to get better in the other room. You know, you're going to be better, your performance is going to be great, it's going to offer you this and that. Part of the reasons why this happens in a country like Nigeria is currently, Nigeria is facing very tough economic times and this has affected the cost of drugs. Most people can no longer afford medical products, so they are turning to alternative means, unorthodox means, and they're looking for ways to take care of their health while they can still, you know, keep the little money that they have. Then things like the cultural background of Nigeria and the religious background, Nigeria being a very conservative country, conversations around sex and fertility and reproductive health isn't what you ideally hear people talk about in the open. So that means, because it's very hush-hush, people seek for very secret ways to address their needs in that sphere. And lastly, here is our What in the World colleague, Maria Clara Montoya.

And by doing so, they increase the fertility of the soil and make that material available to the other types of earthworms, the ones that live just below the soil surface.

For those who'd prefer a few extra years to having children, there may be ways to shift your body's energy allocation, decreasing your fertility to extend your lifespan.

If we study fertility by age, we see that women's fertility drops from their early 30s, and by their 40s, chances of getting pregnant naturally are slim.

You know, there are more and more people who are later in life and they need, they often have, unfortunately, fertility problems and they need help and surrogacy could be a viable option.

The "ovulatory shift hypothesis" may have something to do with this as it suggests your taste in men may change when you reach peak fertility.