Vocabulary

  • such as: For example; like
  • as well as: Also; in addition to
  • on the other hand : Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
  • in mind: Being aware of or considering something.
  • for short: As a shortened form of a name or phrase.
  • due to: Because of; owing to
  • result in: To cause or produce as a consequence.
  • based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
  • rule out: To eliminate as a possibility; exclude.
  • red flag: A warning sign or signal of danger or a problem.
  • look for: To try to find a thing or person that is lost
  • to date: Up to the present time; until now.
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • increased risk: A greater chance of something harmful or dangerous happening.
  • go back to: To return to a starting point
  • over the counter: Denoting a security traded directly between two parties, not on an exchange.
  • at least: As a minimum
  • access: Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
  • reveal: To show something that was hidden before
  • physical: Health check at the doctors' or hospital
  • recap: Brief description of something that had been said
  • improve: To make, or become, something better
  • immediately: Without any delay; straight away
  • flip: To turn your body in the air, as in gymnastics
  • urge: A strong desire for something
  • effective: Working efficiently to produce a desired result
  • combination: Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
  • current: Electricity flowing through wires
  • trial: Hearing and judgment of a case in court
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • fluid: A material that can easily flow, e.g. water
  • encourage: To increase the chance of something happening
  • adequate: Enough; good enough for what is needed
  • suspect: Person thought to have committed a crime
  • moderate: To host a meeting or panel discussion
  • prescription: Specific medicine officially ordered for a patient
  • response: Something said/written as an answer to something
  • refer: To talk about or write about something
  • effect: An advantage, benefit
  • result: Something produced through tests or experiments
  • evaluate: To form an idea to judge something carefully
  • nervous: Concerning the system of nerves in the body
  • switch: A change or shift from one method to another
  • intake: Amount of something that a person's body consumes
  • risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
  • persist: To continue a course of action despite opposition
  • relate: To demonstrate a logical relationship between
  • clinical: Concerning the treatment or observing patients
  • calcium: A substance important for making bones and teeth
  • fiber: Basic character and nature of a person
  • induce: To make someone do something; create an outcome
  • mind: To be bothered or upset by something
  • activity: An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes
  • frequency: Number of repetitions of (radio or sound) wave
  • diagnose: To determine the cause of an illness or problem
  • inadequate: Unsatisfactory; not good enough; not enough
  • channel: Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
  • decrease: To reduce the size, amount or number of something
  • learn: To get knowledge or skills by study or experience
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • continue: To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • stimulant: Drug that increases physical or mental activity
  • gastrointestinal: Concerning, affecting, or including both stomach and intestines
  • dose: An amount of medicine to be taken at any one time
  • optimize: To make as effective as possible
  • bowel: End part of the intestine, connected to the anus
  • prescribe: (Of doctors) to say what medicine should be taken
  • daily: Happening every day
  • constipation: Unable to empty your bowels as often as you should
  • rotation: Regular change of the crops grown in a field
  • medication: Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness
  • minimum: Smallest degree or level that is acceptable
  • abdominal: Concerned with the stomach area of a body
  • stool: Single seat without support for the arms or back
  • include: To make someone, something part of a group
  • defecate: To have a bowel movement
  • antagonist: (Literature) someone who is an enemy or opponent
  • laxative: Medicine to make you empty your bowels
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • abdominal

      US /æbˈdɑ:mɪnl/

      UK /æbˈdɒmɪnl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerned with the stomach area of a body
      • Countable Noun
      • An abdominal muscle.
      C1
      More
    • access

      US /ˈæksɛs/

      UK /'ækses/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
      • The opportunity or right to use something or to see someone.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To be able to use or have permission to use
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • adequate

      US /ˈædɪkwɪt/

      UK /ˈædɪkwət/

      • Adjective
      • Enough; good enough for what is needed
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • antagonist

      US /ænˈtæɡənɪst/

      UK /ænˈtægənɪst/

      • Noun
      • (Literature) someone who is an enemy or opponent
      C1
      More
    • as well as

      US /æz wɛl æz/

      UK /æz wel æz/

      • Adverb
      • Also; in addition to
      • Preposition
      • In addition to; and also.
      A1
      More
    • at least

      US /æt list/

      UK /æt li:st/

      • Adverb
      • As a minimum
      • Not less than
      • Phrase
      • No less than; at the minimum
      • Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
      C2
      More
    • based on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
      • Preposition
      • Using something as the main idea or foundation.
      • Relying on something as evidence or justification.
      A1
      More
    • bowel

      US /ˈbaʊəl, baʊl/

      UK /ˈbaʊəl/

      • Noun
      • End part of the intestine, connected to the anus
      B1
      More
    • calcium

      US /ˈkælsiəm/

      UK /'kælsɪəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A substance important for making bones and teeth
      • A substance containing calcium, taken to improve health.
      C2
      More
    • channel

      US /ˈtʃænəl/

      UK /'tʃænl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
      • TV or radio station or its programs
      • Transitive Verb
      • To dig a long hole for carrying water
      • To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
      B1
      More
    • clinical

      US /ˈklɪnɪkəl/

      UK /ˈklɪnɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the treatment or observing patients
      • Using scientific techniques and precision
      B1
      More
    • combination

      US /ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən/

      UK /ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
      • Act or result of mixing things together
      B1
      More
    • constipation

      US /ˌkɑnstəˈpeʃən/

      UK /ˌkɒnstɪˈpeɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Unable to empty your bowels as often as you should
      C1
      More
    • current

      US /ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr-/

      UK /'kʌrənt/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Electricity flowing through wires
      • Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky
      • Adjective
      • Happening or being in the present time
      • In general use or accepted by most people.
      A2
      More
    • decrease

      US /dɪˈkris/

      UK /dɪˈkri:s/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To reduce the size, amount or number of something
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Amount by which something has been reduced
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • defecate

      US /ˈdɛfɪˌket/

      UK /ˈdefəkeɪt/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To have a bowel movement
      C1
      More
    • diagnose

      US /ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊs/

      UK /ˈdaɪəgnəʊz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To determine the cause of an illness or problem
      B1
      More
    • dose

      US /doʊs/

      UK /dəʊs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • An amount of medicine to be taken at any one time
      • Transitive Verb
      • To give a certain amount of something to someone
      B1
      More
    • due to

      US /du tu/

      UK /dju: tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; owing to
      • Adjective
      • Attributable to; caused by.
      A1
      More
    • encourage

      US /ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr-/

      UK /ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To increase the chance of something happening
      • To make someone more determined or confident
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • evaluate

      US /ɪˈvæljuˌet/

      UK /ɪˈvæljueɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To form an idea to judge something carefully
      • To calculate or work out the value or amount of something.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • fiber

      US /'faɪbə/

      UK /'faɪbə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Basic character and nature of a person
      • Stringy substance found in food, e.g. wholewheat
      C2
      More
    • flip

      US /flɪp/

      UK /flɪp/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To turn your body in the air, as in gymnastics
      • To move into a different position quickly
      • Noun
      • Act of turning your body in the air; somersault
      • Movement of something from one position to another
      B2
      More
    • fluid

      US /ˈfluɪd/

      UK /'flu:ɪd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A material that can easily flow, e.g. water
      • Liquid that flows smoothly, such as water
      • Adjective
      • Able to move smoothly or gracefully
      • Liable to change; unstable.
      B2
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • for short

      US /fɔr ʃɔrt/

      UK /fɔ: ʃɔ:t/

      • Phrase
      • As a shortened form of a name or phrase.
      A1
      More
    • frequency

      US /ˈfrikwənsi/

      UK /'fri:kwənsɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Number of repetitions of (radio or sound) wave
      • How often something happens
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • go back to

      US /ɡo bæk tu/

      UK /ɡəu bæk tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To return to a starting point
      A1
      More
    • in mind

      US /ɪn maɪnd/

      UK /in maind/

      • Phrase
      • Being aware of or considering something.
      • To remember or consider something.
      A2
      More
    • inadequate

      US /ɪnˈædɪkwɪt/

      UK /ɪnˈædɪkwət/

      • Adjective
      • Unsatisfactory; not good enough; not enough
      B1
      More
    • increased risk

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • A greater chance of something harmful or dangerous happening.
      • A higher probability of financial loss in an investment.
      B2
      More
    • induce

      US /ɪnˈdus, -ˈdjus/

      UK /ɪn'dju:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make someone do something; create an outcome
      • To make a woman give birth by giving her medicine
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • intake

      US /ˈɪnˌtek/

      UK /ˈɪnteɪk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Amount of something that a person's body consumes
      • Act of consuming something
      B1
      More
    • laxative

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • Medicine to make you empty your bowels
      C1
      More
    • look for

      US /lʊk fɔr/

      UK /luk fɔ:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To try to find a thing or person that is lost
      • To expect or anticipate something.
      A1
      More
    • medication

      US /ˌmɛdɪˈkeʃən/

      UK /ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness
      B2
      More
    • minimum

      US /ˈmɪnəməm/

      UK /ˈmɪnɪməm/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Smallest degree or level that is acceptable
      • The lowest recorded or expected temperature.
      • Adjective
      • Smallest or lowest; the least possible.
      • Using or requiring the least possible resources.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • moderate

      US /ˈmɑdərɪt/

      UK /ˈmɒdərət/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To host a meeting or panel discussion
      • To make something less violent, severe, or strong
      • Adjective
      • Being average in quantity or size
      B1
      More
    • on the other hand

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
      A1
      More
    • optimize

      US /ˈɑ:ptɪmaɪz/

      UK /ˈɒptɪmaɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make as effective as possible
      B2
      More
    • over the counter

      US /ˈovɚ ði ˈkaʊntɚ/

      UK /ˈəuvə ðə ˈkauntə/

      • Adverb
      • Denoting a security traded directly between two parties, not on an exchange.
      • Across a counter in a shop or business.
      A1
      More
    • persist

      US /pɚˈsɪst, -ˈzɪst/

      UK /pə'sɪst/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To continue a course of action despite opposition
      • To continue to exist or occur beyond the usual, expected, or desired time.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • physical

      US /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

      UK /ˈfɪzɪkl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Health check at the doctors' or hospital
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the body of a person
      • Concerning things that can be seen or touched
      A2
      More
    • prescribe

      US /prɪˈskraɪb/

      UK /prɪ'skraɪb/

      • Transitive Verb
      • (Of doctors) to say what medicine should be taken
      • To set down rules or guidelines
      B2
      More
    • prescription

      US /prɪˈskrɪpʃən/

      UK /prɪˈskrɪpʃn/

      • Noun
      • Specific medicine officially ordered for a patient
      • Set of appropriate guidelines for something
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • recap

      US /riˈkæp/

      UK /'ri:kæp/

      • Noun
      • Brief description of something that had been said
      • Transitive Verb
      • To describe or summarize the main points
      C1TOEIC
      More
    • red flag

      US /rɛd flæɡ/

      UK /red flæɡ/

      • Noun
      • A warning sign or signal of danger or a problem.
      • A symbol of socialism or communism.
      B1
      More
    • refer

      US /rɪˈfɚ/

      UK /rɪ'fɜ:(r)/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To talk about or write about something
      • To give information about something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • relate

      US /rɪˈlet/

      UK /rɪ'leɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To demonstrate a logical relationship between
      • To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • response

      US /rɪˈspɑns/

      UK /riˈspɔns/

      • Noun
      • Something said/written as an answer to something
      • Reaction to something that has occurred
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • result

      US /rɪˈzʌlt/

      UK /rɪ'zʌlt/

      • Noun
      • Something produced through tests or experiments
      • Final score of a competition, election or game
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To be the outcome of other causes and effects
      • To happen or exist as a consequence of something.
      A2
      More
    • result in

      US /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/

      UK /riˈzʌlt in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To cause or produce as a consequence.
      More
    • reveal

      US /rɪˈvil/

      UK /rɪ'vi:l/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To show something that was hidden before
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • rotation

      US /roʊˈteɪʃn/

      UK /rəʊˈteɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Regular change of the crops grown in a field
      • Group who take turns performing a certain task
      B2
      More
    • rule out

      US /rul aʊt/

      UK /ru:l aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To eliminate as a possibility; exclude.
      A1
      More
    • stimulant

      US /ˈstɪmjələnt/

      UK /ˈstɪmjələnt/

      • Noun
      • Drug that increases physical or mental activity
      B2
      More
    • stool

      US /stul/

      UK /stu:l/

      • Countable Noun
      • Single seat without support for the arms or back
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Med. feces; excrement
      B1
      More
    • such as

      US /sʌtʃ æz/

      UK /sʌtʃ æz/

      • Preposition
      • For example; like
      A1
      More
    • suspect

      US /səˈspɛkt/

      UK /sə'spekt/

      • Noun
      • Person thought to have committed a crime
      • Transitive Verb
      • To consider someone is the one guilty of a crime
      • To doubt or lack trust
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • switch

      US /swɪtʃ/

      UK /swɪtʃ/

      • Noun
      • A change or shift from one method to another
      • Thing you move to turn electrical items on or off
      • Transitive Verb
      • To exchange or replace something for another thing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • to date

      US /tu det/

      UK /tu: deit/

      • Phrase
      • Up to the present time; until now.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To go out on romantic dates with someone.
      C2
      More
    • trial

      US /ˈtraɪəl, traɪl/

      UK /ˈtraɪəl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Hearing and judgment of a case in court
      • Act or process of testing or experimenting
      • Transitive Verb
      • To be made or done as a test or experiment
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • urge

      US /ɚdʒ/

      UK /ɜ:dʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A strong desire for something
      • Strong pressure on someone to do something
      • Transitive Verb
      • To drive something forward
      • To ask or encourage someone to do something
      A2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B2
    #medication#opioid#patient#response#induced#management

    Medication-induced constipation: clinical Sciences

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2026/10/04
    Ever wondered why some medications can lead to constipation? This video dives into medication-induced constipation, explaining how common culprits like opioids and anticholinergics affect your body. You'll learn key terms and practical steps for identifying and managing this common side effect, making it a must-watch for anyone in healthcare!

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