additional
US /ə'dɪʃənl/
UK /əˈdɪʃənl/
- Adjective
- Further or added
- Extra to what already exists
A2TOEICMorecause
US /kɔz/
UK /kɔ:z/
- Noun
- Belief, goal or organization that people support
- Reason for
- Transitive Verb
- To make something happen; create effect or result
A2Morecloth
US /klɔθ, klɑθ/
UK /klɔθ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Piece of material used for cleaning, etc.
- Material made by weaving fibers to make clothes
B1Morecoast
US /kost/
UK /kəʊst/
- Noun
- Land near the sea or ocean
- Intransitive Verb
- To progress in something without trying hard
- (Of a vehicle) to move forward without power
A2TOEICMorecritical
US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/
UK /ˈkrɪtɪkl/
- Adjective
- Making a negative judgment of something
- Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
A2Moreemergency
US /ɪˈmɚdʒənsi/
UK /ɪ'mɜ:dʒənsɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Sudden event needing an immediate action
- A medical condition manifesting itself by acute symptoms of sufficient severity such that the absence of immediate medical attention could reasonably be expected to result in placing the patient's health in serious jeopardy.
- Adjective
- Used in an emergency; for use when something dangerous happens.
- Designed for use in an emergency.
A2TOEICMoreexposure
US /ɪkˈspoʒɚ/
UK /ɪk'spəʊʒə(r)/
- Noun
- Allowing light through a cameras lens onto film
- Being talked about in the media
A2TOEICMorehave to
US /hæv tu/
UK /ˈhæv tə/
- Auxiliary Verb
- Must do
A1Moreindoor
US /ˈɪnˌdɔr, -ˌdor/
UK /ˈɪndɔ:(r)/
- Adjective
- Located, done, or used inside a building
B1TOEICMoreinsight
US /ˈɪnˌsaɪt/
UK /'ɪnsaɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Power to understand people and things very well
- Very good understanding of something
B1Moreissue
US /ˈɪʃu/
UK /'ɪʃu:/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something available to be used or sold
- To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
- Single edition of a magazine
A2TOEICMorelimit
US /ˈlɪmɪt/
UK /'lɪmɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Point beyond which it is not possible to go
- A line or edge marking the boundary of an area.
- Transitive Verb
- To stop or prevent an increase past a point
A2TOEICMorelook at
US /lʊk æt/
UK /luk æt/
- Phrasal Verb
- To use your eyes to focus on something
- To focus your eyes on something carefully
A1Moremajor
US /ˈmedʒɚ/
UK /'meɪdʒə(r)/
- Countable Noun
- High-ranking officer in the army
- Main subject you study at university
- Adjective
- Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
- Important, serious, or large in scope, size
A2TOEICMoremask
US /mæsk/
UK /mɑ:sk/
- Transitive Verb
- To hide something so that it cannot be seen
- To hide something so that it cannot be seen
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Covering to hide or disguise the face
- Way of pretending to behave that is not real
B1Moremental
US /ˈmɛntl/
UK /ˈmentl/
- Adjective
- Concerning the mind
A2TOEICMoremention
US /ˈmɛnʃən/
UK /'menʃn/
- Transitive Verb
- To refer to or talk or write about something
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of referring to or talking about something
- A formal acknowledgement of something
A2TOEICMoreminor
US /ˈmaɪnɚ/
UK /'maɪnə(r)/
- Adjective
- Not so large in size; not important or valuable
- An interval a half tone smaller than its major
- Noun
- Subject studied in college, but not the main one
- Someone too young to be legally responsible
B1Morepandemic
US /pænˈdɛmɪk/
UK /pæn'demɪk/
- Adjective
- (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants
- Noun
- a pandemic disease
C2Morepollute
US /pəˈlut/
UK /pə'lu:t/
- Transitive Verb
- To make dirty, impure or harmful to environment
- To make something negative
B1Morepollution
US /pəˈluʃən/
UK /pəˈlu:ʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Dangerous substances released into an environment
- The action of polluting; the state of being polluted.
B1TOEICMorequality
US /ˈkwɑlɪti/
UK /'kwɒlətɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Feature associated with someone or something
- High level of worth or excellence
- Adjective
- Of a high standard
A2TOEICMoreresearch
US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/
UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Study done to discover new ideas and facts
- A particular area or topic of study.
A2TOEICMorerespiratory
US /ˈrɛspərəˌtɔri, -ˌtori, rɪˈspaɪrə-/
UK /ˈrespərəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:, rɪˈspaɪərə-/
- Adjective
- (Medical) concerning breathing
- Having the function of respiration.
- Noun
- The branch of medicine concerned with the organs of respiration.
- The system of organs involved in breathing.
C1Morerunny
US /ˈrʌni/
UK /'rʌnɪ/
- Adjective
- Being able to flow as a liquid
B1Morescale
US /skel/
UK /skeɪl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Size, level, or amount when compared
- Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To change the size of but keep the proportions
- To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
A2TOEICMorescratchy
US /ˈskrætʃi/
UK /ˈskrætʃi/
- Adjective
- Causing you to itch; causing irritation/annoyance
B1Moresevere
US /səˈvɪr/
UK /sɪ'vɪə(r)/
- Adjective
- Very bad; harsh
- (Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated
A2TOEICMoresmoke
US /smoʊk/
UK /sməʊk/
- Intransitive Verb
- To give off a cloud of grey gas from burning
- Uncountable Noun
- Grey gas from fires and cigarettes
- Fog of air coming from e.g. a cigarette, fire
B1Moresmoky
US /ˈsmoki/
UK /'sməʊkɪ/
- Adjective
- (Room) full of smoke
- Being suggestive of smoke in appearance or taste
B1Morestroke
US /strok/
UK /strəʊk/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- When blood cannot get to brain, causing damage
- Mark made by a pen, pencil or brush
- Transitive Verb
- To rub your hand in a caring way on something
B1Moretalking about
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To discuss a particular topic.
- To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
A1Moreuncomfortable
US /ʌnˈkʌmfətəbəl, -ˈkʌmftə-/
UK /ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/
- Adjective
- Not being relaxed; worried about something
- Causing or feeling slight pain or physical unease.
B1Morewatery eyes
US
UK
- Noun
- Eyes that are producing more tears than usual, often due to irritation, allergies, or infection.
- Eyes that appear to be filled with tears, often indicating sadness or sentimentality.
A1More
Vocabulary
- have to: Must do
- look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
- watery eyes: Eyes that are producing more tears than usual, often due to irritation, allergies, or infection.
- talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
- mental: Concerning the mind
- pandemic: (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants
- critical: Making a negative judgment of something
- scale: Size, level, or amount when compared
- experience: Thing a person has done or that happened to them
- severe: Very bad; harsh
- exposure: Allowing light through a cameras lens onto film
- respiratory: (Medical) concerning breathing
- amount: Quantity of something
- research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- quality: Feature associated with someone or something
- stroke: When blood cannot get to brain, causing damage
- insight: Power to understand people and things very well
- issue: To make something available to be used or sold
- mention: To refer to or talk or write about something
- deal: To cope with something - usually troubles
- cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
- simply: In an easy or clear manner
- raise: To increase a bet above another when playing cards
- emergency: Sudden event needing an immediate action
- major: High-ranking officer in the army
- minor: Not so large in size; not important or valuable
- normal: Standard or regular way of doing something
- additional: Further or added
- limit: Point beyond which it is not possible to go
- coast: Land near the sea or ocean
- wear: To have clothes, glasses, shoes etc. on your body
- include: To make someone, something part of a group
- pollution: Dangerous substances released into an environment
- real: Actually existing or happening, not imagined
- healthy: In good condition physically, or financially; well
- problem: Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
- work: The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
- heart: A feeling of care for others; compassion
- country: An area of land that is controlled by a government
- time: Speed at which music is played; tempo
- uncomfortable: Not being relaxed; worried about something
- mask: To hide something so that it cannot be seen
- pollute: To make dirty, impure or harmful to environment
- runny: Being able to flow as a liquid
- cloth: Piece of material used for cleaning, etc.
- smoke: To give off a cloud of grey gas from burning
- scratchy: Causing you to itch; causing irritation/annoyance
- indoor: Located, done, or used inside a building
- smoky: (Room) full of smoke
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
The health impacts of poor air as wildfire smoke set to linger
0
林宜悉 posted on 2026/07/18Wildfire smoke can really impact our health, and this video breaks down what you need to know! You'll hear from an expert about the effects of breathing polluted air, from minor discomfort to more serious risks, and learn about crucial vocabulary like 'respiratory problems' and 'N95 mask' to discuss these issues.
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