Vocabulary
- do in: To make completely tired out and exhausted
- at least: As a minimum
- in terms of
- have to: Must do
- of course: Sure ; Certainly
- language proficiency: The ability to use a language with accuracy and fluency.
- to do with: To be about something; concern
- think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
- on the basis of: Because of; using as a reason or justification.
- as well as: Also; in addition to
- look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
- pass muster: To meet required standards or be accepted as satisfactory.
- rub shoulders: To associate with famous or important people.
- based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
- figure out: To understand the behavior of someone
- work in: To make an opening for something in your schedule
- of interest: Relevant or important to someone or something.
- in a sense: In one way of thinking; to some extent; in some ways.
- think about: To consider something carefully.
- in writing: Expressed or presented in written form, rather than spoken.
- write over: To write on top of existing writing, often obscuring it.
- get a sense: To understand or perceive something intuitively.
- as opposed to: In contrast to; rather than.
- out there: In or to a place that is far away
- for example: As an illustration or instance.
- right for: Suitable or appropriate for a particular person, purpose, or situation.
- jump through hoops: To do many difficult things to achieve a goal.
- just kind of: Used to express a feeling or state in a vague or hesitant way.
- in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
- such as: For example; like
- spread out: To extend or stretch over a large area.
- at that time: During a specific point in the past.
- on the cutting room floor: Removed or discarded during the editing process.
- in other words: Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
- pay off: To give money to get person to do something; bribe
- same time: Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
- for someone: On behalf of or intended for a particular person.
- out of time: Having no more time available to do something.
- specific: Precise; particular; just about that thing
- situation: Place, position or area that something is in
- evidence: Factual proof that helps to establish the truth
- vocabulary: Words that have to do with a particular subject
- tend: To move or act in a certain manner
- audience: Group of people attending a play, movie etc.
- sense: Certain mental feeling or emotion
- develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
- expect: To believe something is probably going to happen
- variety: Particular type of thing or person
- career: Particular occupation in professional life
- complex: Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
- sentence: (Of a judge) to decide the punishment of
- academic: Concerning education, schools, universities, etc.
- fundamental: Forming a necessary part, base, or core
- research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- measure: Plan to achieve a desired result
- ability: The power, resources or skill to do something
- field: Area of study, such as physics or biology
- task: Big or small piece of work someone has to do
- issue: To make something available to be used or sold
- section: A part of a whole
- decision: Choice made after thinking; final judgment
- challenge: An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
- evaluate: To form an idea to judge something carefully
- introduce: To open an essay to set the scene
- performance: Act of doing something
- reason: To think and make conclusions in a logical manner
- fair: Neither very good nor very bad; average
- professional: Of jobs such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
- dive: Restaurant, bar or club with a bad reputation
- essay: Short piece of written opinion on a subject
- analyze: To study carefully to find out the meaning of
- assessment: Conclusion, opinion formed after due consideration
- lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- ideally: In a perfect way; very suitably
- proficiency: High amount of skill or ability in something
- important: Having power or authority
- kind: In a caring and helpful manner
- bachelor: Person who earned a first degree at a university
- complexity: State of having many parts and not being simple
- salmon: Light pinkish orange color
- muster: To gather or call together (soldiers, etc.)
- grammatical: Conforming to the rules of syntax
- diagram: A drawing intended to explain how something works
- datum: Item of factual information
- cohesion: State of being logical and well-organized
- lexical: About words
- upstream: In the direction opposite the flow of river/stream
- phd: Advanced university degree; Doctor of Philosophy
- toefl: Test Of English as a Foreign Language
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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Building a Fair Measure of English Writing Skills: A Conversation With Larry Davis
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林宜悉 posted on 2026/04/18Ever wondered how English writing tests like TOEFL are actually made? Dive into a fascinating conversation with Larry Davis from ETS as he reveals the science behind creating fair writing assessments and discusses the validity frameworks used. You'll pick up advanced vocabulary and gain insights into complex sentence structures, perfect for anyone serious about academic English!
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