antigen
US /ˈæntɪdʒən/
UK /ˈæntɪdʒən/
- Noun
- Substance that produces antibodies in the body
B2Moreattempt
US /əˈtɛmpt/
UK /ə'tempt/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To try to do something challenging or difficult
- Noun
- Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
A2TOEICMorebacteria
US /bækˈtɪriə/
UK /bæk'tɪərɪə/
- Noun (plural)
- The very small creatures that can cause disease
B2Morebuild up
US /bɪld ʌp/
UK /bild ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To increase the amount; collect something
- To develop or increase something in stages
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To increase or develop something gradually.
- To praise or encourage someone.
A1Morecontagious
US /kənˈtedʒəs/
UK /kənˈteɪdʒəs/
- Adjective
- Able to be passed on by touch
- (of a disease) able to be transmitted by infection.
C2Moredefend
US /dɪˈfɛnd/
UK /dɪ'fend/
- Transitive Verb
- To protect and explain your position in court
- To protect against an attack
B1TOEICMoredefense
US /dɪˈfɛns/
UK /dɪ'fens/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Argument in support of something
- The process of protecting something from attack
B1TOEICMoredeter
US /dɪˈtə:/
UK /dɪˈtɜ:(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To stop people doing a thing; stop from happening
B2TOEICMoredisease
US /dɪˈziz/
UK /dɪˈzi:z/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
- A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
- Transitive Verb
- To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
A2TOEICMoredna
US
UK
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Chemical in living cells with genetic information
B2Moredownside
US /ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd/
UK /ˈdaʊnsaɪd/
- Noun
- Negative aspect of something
- The potential negative consequences or risks associated with a decision or action.
B2Morefever
US /ˈfivɚ/
UK /'fi:və(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A high body temperature, indicating illness
- State of excited emotion or activity
- Transitive Verb
- To cause to have a fever.
B1Morefight back
US /faɪt bæk/
UK /fait bæk/
- Phrasal Verb
- To make your point more strongly against opponent
A1Morefunction
US /ˈfʌŋkʃən/
UK /'fʌŋkʃn/
- Noun
- Social event, or party such as a wedding
- Mathematical operation used in calculations
- Intransitive Verb
- To serve a certain purpose or role
- To be operating, working or achieving its purpose
A2TOEICMoregenetic
US /dʒəˈnɛtɪk/
UK /dʒəˈnetɪk/
- Adjective
- Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
- Relating to genes or heredity.
B1Morehandy
US /ˈhændi/
UK /'hændɪ/
- Adjective
- Convenient, easy to use, easy to reach
- Being skillful in performing small tasks
C2Morehunch
US /hʌntʃ/
UK /hʌntʃ/
- Noun
- Premonition or suspicion; guess
- Intransitive Verb
- To raise one's shoulders and bend the top of the body forward; to curve the back.
B2Moreidentify
US /aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ/
UK /aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/
- Transitive Verb
- To indicate who or what someone or something is
- To say exactly what something is
B1TOEICMoreimmune
US /ɪˈmjoon/
UK /ɪˈmju:n/
- Adjective
- Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
- Protected against a particular disease or condition because of antibodies or vaccination.
B1Moreimmunity
US /ɪˈmjunɪti/
UK /ɪˈmju:nəti/
- Uncountable Noun
- State of not being able to catch a disease
B1Morein the first place
US
UK
- Phrase
- To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
- From the beginning; initially.
A1Moreinflammation
US /ˌɪnfləˈmeʃən/
UK /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Painful swelling in the body due to illness
- A condition in which a part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
B2Moreingredient
US /ɪnˈɡridiənt/
UK /ɪnˈgri:diənt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Food item used when making a meal or drink
- Quality necessary to be something to work well
B1TOEICMoreinnate
US /ɪˈneɪt/
UK /ɪˈneɪt/
- Adjective
- Being part of something's nature
- Present (in a person) from birth
B2TOEICMoreinvade
US /ɪnˈved/
UK /ɪnˈveɪd/
- Transitive Verb
- To enter something causing a harmful result
- To enter (a country or region) so as to subjugate or occupy it.
B1Moreinvasive
US /ɪnˈvesɪv/
UK /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/
- Adjective
- Entering the body, etc. in a destructive way
- Tending to spread aggressively; intrusive.
C1Moreinvolve
US /ɪnˈvɑlv/
UK /ɪn'vɒlv/
- Transitive Verb
- To have or be included as a part of something
- To cause (a person or group) to take part in an event or activity.
A2TOEICMoremalaria
US /məˈlɛriə/
UK /məˈleəriə/
- Noun
- Disease caused by being bitten by a mosquito
B2Morematerial
US /məˈtɪriəl/
UK /məˈtɪəriəl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Cloth; fabric
- Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
- Adjective
- Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
- Belonging to the world of physical things
A2Morepathogen
US /ˈpæθədʒən/
UK /ˈpæθədʒən/
- Noun
- Any disease-producing agent
C1Moreprofile
US /ˈproˌfaɪl/
UK /'prəʊfaɪl/
- Transitive Verb
- To write a short description of a person or group
- To write or create a profile of someone or something.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A short description of a person or group
- Shape of someone's head when viewed from the side
B1Moreprompt
US /prɑmpt/
UK /prɒmpt/
- Noun
- Message on a computer requiring attention
- Encouragement to ask someone else to talk
- Transitive Verb
- To display a message to requires a user to act
- To say something to encourage someone else to talk
B1Morerecognize
US /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/
UK /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/
- Transitive Verb
- To accept the truth or reality of something
- To consider something as important or special
A2TOEICMorerecruit
US /rɪˈkrut/
UK /rɪ'kru:t/
- Countable Noun
- Person who has just joined the military
- Person who has just begun a new activity or job
- Transitive Verb
- To convince and help people to join the military
- To find new employees, volunteers or members
B1TOEICMoreresponse
US /rɪˈspɑns/
UK /riˈspɔns/
- Noun
- Something said/written as an answer to something
- Reaction to something that has occurred
A2TOEICMorerid
US /rɪd/
UK /rɪd/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)
- Adjective
- Freed or delivered from something.
A2Moreseparate
US /'sepəreɪt/
UK /'sepəreɪt/
- Adjective
- Being different from or unrelated to another
- Not connected; different.
- Transitive Verb
- To divide two things by being in between them
- To move things away from each other
A2TOEICMoresevere
US /səˈvɪr/
UK /sɪ'vɪə(r)/
- Adjective
- Very bad; harsh
- (Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated
A2TOEICMoresmallpox
US /ˈsmɔlˌpɑks/
UK /ˈsmɔ:lpɒks/
- Noun
- Contagious disease with pimples that leave scars
C1Moresneeze
US /sniz/
UK /sni:z/
- Noun
- Act of air suddenly being forced out of nose/mouth
- Intransitive Verb
- To suddenly force air out of nose/mouth
B1Morespecific
US /spɪˈsɪfɪk/
UK /spəˈsɪfɪk/
- Adjective
- Precise; particular; just about that thing
- Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing
A2Morestrength
US /strɛŋkθ, strɛŋθ, strɛnθ/
UK /streŋθ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Condition of being strong
- The quality or state of being physically strong.
A2TOEICMoresubunit
US
UK
- Noun
- Smaller unit of a larger unit
B2Moreto the full
US
UK
- Phrase
- Completely; to the greatest extent possible.
- To the maximum capacity or extent.
A1Moretrap
US /træp/
UK /træp/
- Countable Noun
- Device used for catching animals
- Vehicle pulled by a single horse
- Transitive Verb
- To use a device to catch animals or people
- To hold, e.g. a nerve, so that it cannot move
A2Moretrigger
US /ˈtrɪɡɚ/
UK /'trɪɡə(r)/
- Noun
- Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
- Device that starts a process
- Transitive Verb
- To start a process off e.g. a memory
- To cause something to begin or happen.
B1Morevaccine
US /vækˈsin,ˈvækˌsin/
UK /'væksi:n/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Shot using weak disease cells to stop same disease
- A preparation of weakened or killed microorganisms, or of antigenic proteins derived from them, used to induce protective immunity in animals.
B2Morevariety
US /vəˈraɪɪti/
UK /və'raɪətɪ/
- Noun
- Particular type of thing or person
- The quality or state of being different or diverse; the absence of uniformity, sameness, or monotony.
A2TOEICMoreversion
US /ˈvɚʒən, -ʃən/
UK /ˈvə:ʃən/
- Noun
- Different way that someone interprets something
- New or different form of something
A2TOEICMorevirus
US /ˈvaɪrəs/
UK /'vaɪrəs/
- Noun
- File secretly put on computers to cause harm
- Living organism that causes disease or sickness
B1More
Vocabulary
- in the first place: To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
- build up: To increase the amount; collect something
- fight back: To make your point more strongly against opponent
- to the full: Completely; to the greatest extent possible.
- specific: Precise; particular; just about that thing
- immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
- recognize: To accept the truth or reality of something
- material: Cloth; fabric
- trigger: Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
- ingredient: Food item used when making a meal or drink
- contagious: Able to be passed on by touch
- severe: Very bad; harsh
- effective: Working efficiently to produce a desired result
- attempt: To try to do something challenging or difficult
- treat: To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
- develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
- strength: Condition of being strong
- variety: Particular type of thing or person
- identify: To indicate who or what someone or something is
- rid: To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)
- bacteria: The very small creatures that can cause disease
- disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
- version: Different way that someone interprets something
- inflammation: Painful swelling in the body due to illness
- separate: Being different from or unrelated to another
- function: Social event, or party such as a wedding
- innate: Being part of something's nature
- prompt: Message on a computer requiring attention
- genetic: Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
- response: Something said/written as an answer to something
- trap: Device used for catching animals
- vaccine: Shot using weak disease cells to stop same disease
- involve: To have or be included as a part of something
- profile: To write a short description of a person or group
- create: To make, cause, or bring into existence
- risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
- provide: To make available; to supply for use
- handy: Convenient, easy to use, easy to reach
- record: Highest or most extreme level achieved
- deter: To stop people doing a thing; stop from happening
- hunch: Premonition or suspicion; guess
- recruit: Person who has just joined the military
- pathogen: Any disease-producing agent
- defense: Argument in support of something
- invasive: Entering the body, etc. in a destructive way
- downside: Negative aspect of something
- system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
- invade: To enter something causing a harmful result
- malaria: Disease caused by being bitten by a mosquito
- continue: To do something without stopping, or after pausing
- build: Your physical shape; physique
- defend: To protect and explain your position in court
- modern: Of the present time; up to date; contemporary
- fever: A high body temperature, indicating illness
- last: Final; with nothing following; after all others
- virus: File secretly put on computers to cause harm
- difficult: Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it
- prepare: To make something ready for use
- include: To make someone, something part of a group
- sneeze: Act of air suddenly being forced out of nose/mouth
- immunity: State of not being able to catch a disease
- antigen: Substance that produces antibodies in the body
- smallpox: Contagious disease with pimples that leave scars
- subunit: Smaller unit of a larger unit
- dna: Chemical in living cells with genetic information
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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【TED-Ed】How do vaccines work? - Kelwalin Dhanasarnsombut
0
稲葉白兎 posted on 2021/05/26Ever wondered how vaccines actually protect us? This awesome TED-Ed explainer dives into the fascinating science behind vaccines and their history, even touching on Edward Jenner's groundbreaking work! You'll pick up some fantastic advanced vocabulary related to immunology and medicine while understanding how our bodies fight off diseases.
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