abundant
US /əˈbʌndənt/
UK /əˈbʌndənt/
- Adjective
- Being in very great supply; plentiful
B2TOEICMorealcohol
US /ˈælkəˌhɔl,-ˌhɑl/
UK /'ælkəhɒl/
- Uncountable Noun
- A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
- Drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer
B1Moreattractive
US /əˈtræktɪv/
UK /əˈtræktɪv/
- Adjective
- Making you like them, as by being good-looking
- Offering advantages or benefits; tempting.
A2Morebreak down
US /brek daʊn/
UK /breik daun/
- Phrasal Verb
- To forcibly break, destroy or make collapse
- (Machine) to stop working or become weaker
A1Morecarbon
US /ˈkɑrbən/
UK /'kɑ:bən/
- Uncountable Noun
- Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
B1Moreclose by
US /kloz baɪ/
UK /kləuz bai/
- Adverb
- Near in distance; nearby.
- Phrase
- In a position or location that is near.
A2Morecome down to
US /kʌm daʊn tu/
UK /kʌm daun tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To become in the end a matter of
- To be passed on to someone as an inheritance.
A1Moreconsistently
US /kənˈsɪstəntlɪ/
UK /kən'sɪstəntlɪ/
- Adverb
- In a manner that is the same almost every time
- In every case or on every occasion; invariably
B1Morecontrast
US /ˈkɑ:ntræst/
UK /'kɒntrɑ:st/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To compare; to show clear, obvious differences
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Comparison that shows obvious differences
- Difference in light and dark in photos, etc.
A2Morecontribute
US /kənˈtrɪbjut/
UK /kən'trɪbju:t/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To be a factor in causing something to happen
- To donate, give (money) or help to something
A2Morecountless
US /ˈkaʊntlɪs/
UK /ˈkaʊntləs/
- Adjective
- Being too many to be numbered or imagined
B1Morecue
US /kju/
UK /kju:/
- Noun
- Word or action in a play to tell an actor to speak
- Transitive Verb
- To give a signal telling someone when to act/speak
B2Morecuriosity
US /ˌkjʊriˈɑsɪti/
UK /ˌkjʊərɪ'ɒsətɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Something unusual and perhaps worthy of collecting
- Eager desire to learn more about something
B1Morecurse
US /kɚs/
UK /kɜ:s/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To use offensive language when angry; swear
- Noun
- Act to cause trouble to others
- A word or phrase used to express anger or annoyance.
B1Moredefend
US /dɪˈfɛnd/
UK /dɪ'fend/
- Transitive Verb
- To protect and explain your position in court
- To protect against an attack
B1TOEICMoredepend
US /dɪˈpend/
UK /dɪˈpend/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
- To rely on someone or something for support, help, or existence.
B1TOEICMoredetermine
US /dɪˈtɚmɪn/
UK /dɪ'tɜ:mɪn/
- Transitive Verb
- To control exactly how something will be or act
- To establish the facts about; discover
A2TOEICMoredioxide
US /daɪˈɑksaɪd/
UK /daɪˈɒksaɪd/
- Noun
- An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
B2Moredisproportionately
US /ˌdɪsprə'pɔ:ʃənətlɪ/
UK /ˌdɪsprə'pɔ:ʃənətlɪ/
- Adverb
- To too great a degree when compared to something
- To an excessive degree; in a way that is not properly balanced.
B2Moredistinctive
US /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/
UK /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/
- Adjective
- Having a quality that is different from others
- Having a quality or characteristic that makes a person or thing different from others; easily distinguishable.
A2TOEICMoreevolve
US /ɪˈvɑlv/
UK /ɪ'vɒlv/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To develop certain features
- To develop or change slowly over time
B1Moreexhale
US /ɛksˈhel,ɛkˈhel/
UK /eksˈheɪl/
- Intransitive Verb
- To breathe out the air or smoke in your lungs
C1Moreextremely
US /ɪk'strimlɪ/
UK /ɪkˈstri:mli/
- Adverb
- In a way that is much more than usual or expected
- Remarkably; unusually.
B1Morefeed on
US /fid ɑn/
UK /fi:d ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To eat a particular food.
- To increase or become stronger because of something.
A1Morefor sustenance
US
UK
- Phrase
- Providing the means to support life; nourishment.
generate
US /ˈdʒɛnəˌret/
UK /ˈdʒenəreɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To create or be produced or bring into existence
- To create electricity, heat, energy and power
A2TOEICMoregoing on
US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/
UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To continue doing something
- To happen (usually negative)
A1Moreillusion
US /ɪˈluʒən/
UK /ɪ'lu:ʒn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Idea, image or impression that is not correct
- Something that deceives by producing a false or misleading impression of reality.
B2Morein addition to
US /ɪn əˈdɪʃən tu/
UK /in əˈdiʃən tu:/
- Preposition
- Besides; as well as
- Phrase
- Besides; as well as.
- Furthermore; moreover.
B1Morein fact
US /ɪn fækt/
UK /in fækt/
- Adverb
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
C1Moreingest
US /ɪn'dʒest/
UK /ɪnˈdʒest/
- Transitive Verb
- To eat, drink, or swallow something
C1TOEICMoreinspire
US /ɪnˈspaɪr/
UK /ɪn'spaɪə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To give someone an idea to do or make something
- To make someone feel a certain emotion
- Intransitive Verb
- To breathe in
- To draw (air, etc.) into the lungs.
B1TOEICMoreintense
US /ɪnˈtɛns/
UK /ɪn'tens/
- Adjective
- Very strong, great or extreme in degree
- Experiencing or showing great force or strength; extreme.
A2TOEICMorelive on
US /lɪv ɒn/
UK /lɪv ɒn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To continue to exist or be remembered.
- To eat a particular type of food as the main thing.
B2Moremalaria
US /məˈlɛriə/
UK /məˈleəriə/
- Noun
- Disease caused by being bitten by a mosquito
B2Moremanipulate
US /məˈnɪpjəˌlet/
UK /mə'nɪpjʊleɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To try to control others to gain an advantage
- To handle or work in a skillful manner
B1Moremicrobial
US /maɪ'kroʊbɪrl/
UK /maɪ'krəʊbɪəl/
- Adjective
- Concerning, involving or caused by being microbes
C1Moremicrobiome
US /ˌmaɪ.kroʊ.ˈbaɪ.oʊm/
UK /ˌmaɪ.krəʊ.ˈbaɪ.əʊm/
- Noun
- the microorganisms (= living things too small to be seen) that exist in a particular environment or in the human body
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- The community of microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses) that inhabit a particular environment, especially the human body.
- A specific ecological community of microorganisms.
C1Moremultiple
US /ˈmʌltəpəl/
UK /ˈmʌltɪpl/
- Adjective
- Having or involving more than one of something
- Having or involving several parts, elements, or members.
- Countable Noun
- Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
- A number of identical circuit elements connected in parallel or series.
B1Morenavigate
US /ˈnævɪˌɡet/
UK /'nævɪɡeɪt/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To direct (car, plane etc.) in the right direction
- To deal successfully with something complex
B2Morenectar
US /ˈnɛktɚ/
UK /ˈnektə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Sweet liquid found in plants
- A delicious or delightful drink.
B2Moreobserve
US /əbˈzɜ:rv/
UK /əbˈzɜ:v/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To celebrate a particular holiday/religious event
- To obey or follow laws, rules, or customs
A2TOEICMoreodor
US /'oʊdə/
UK /'əʊdə/
- Noun
- A certain smell, often strong or distinct
- A distinctive smell, especially an unpleasant one.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A certain smell, often strong or distinct
B1TOEICMoreparasite
US /ˈpærəˌsaɪt/
UK /'pærəsaɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Small animal or plant living off a bigger one
- One who depends on someone else, without working
B2Morepersistent
US /pərˈsɪstənt/
UK /pəˈsɪstənt/
- Adjective
- Continuing to do something despite challenges
- Continuing to exist or occur for a long time.
C1TOEICMorepick up on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To notice or become aware of something that is not obvious.
- To learn something by watching or listening to other people.
A1Moreplume
US /plum/
UK /plu:m/
- Noun
- Bird's feather, especially when colorful
B2Morepresence
US /ˈprɛzəns/
UK /ˈprezns/
- Noun
- The same place or area that a person is
- Ability to reach a market, group of people etc.
A2Morereproduce
US /ˌriprəˈdus, -ˈdjus/
UK /ˌri:prə'dju:s/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To make a copy of something
- To have children/young; grow roots/new plants
B1Moresebum
US /ˈsibəm/
UK /ˈsi:bəm/
- Uncountable Noun
- Oily secretion of the sebaceous glands; with perspiration it moistens and protects the skin
C1Moreseek
US /sik/
UK /si:k/
- Transitive Verb
- To ask someone for help
- To search for; try to find or do; look for
A2TOEICMoreseek out
US /sik aʊt/
UK /si:k aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To look for and find someone or something, especially when it is not easy to find.
B2Moresensitive
US /ˈsɛnsɪtɪv/
UK /'sensətɪv/
- Adjective
- Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
- (Private information) needing careful treatment
A2TOEICMoresoothe
US /suð/
UK /su:ð/
- Transitive Verb
- To relieve something, like pain
- To calm or comfort someone; take away pain
B2Morespecific
US /spɪˈsɪfɪk/
UK /spəˈsɪfɪk/
- Adjective
- Precise; particular; just about that thing
- Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing
A2Morespecifically
US /spəˈsɪfɪkli/
UK /spəˈsɪfɪkli/
- Adverb
- As regards a particular thing; closely related to
- In a definite and clear manner.
A2Morestick
US /stɪk/
UK /stɪk/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To push a sharp or pointed object into something
- To join together using glue or paste
- Countable Noun
- Long thin piece of wood from a tree
A2Moresustenance
US /ˈsʌstənəns/
UK /ˈsʌstənəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- What sustains life, especially food
C1Moretrack
US /træk/
UK /træk/
- Transitive Verb
- To use marks to follow a wild animal
- To move a certain way/follow a particular course
- Noun
- A circular course for running
- Course or way someone takes, e.g. in education
A2TOEICMoretrait
US /tret/
UK /treɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behavior
- A genetically determined characteristic or condition.
C2Moretrustworthy
US /ˈtrʌstˌwə:ði/
UK /ˈtrʌstwɜ:ði/
- Adjective
- Honest and reliable
- Providing correct information; factual.
C1Moreunscathed
US /ʌnˈskeðd/
UK /ʌnˈskeɪðd/
- Adjective
- Not harmed/damaged by something bad that happened
C1TOEICMore
Vocabulary
- pick up on: To notice or become aware of something that is not obvious.
- close by: Near in distance; nearby.
- going on: To continue doing something
- seek out: To look for and find someone or something, especially when it is not easy to find.
- for sustenance: Providing the means to support life; nourishment.
- feed on: To eat a particular food.
- live on: To continue to exist or be remembered.
- break down: To forcibly break, destroy or make collapse
- in addition to: Besides; as well as
- come down to: To become in the end a matter of
- in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- specific: Precise; particular; just about that thing
- intense: Very strong, great or extreme in degree
- stick: To push a sharp or pointed object into something
- extremely: In a way that is much more than usual or expected
- illusion: Idea, image or impression that is not correct
- trait: A particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behavior
- multiple: Having or involving more than one of something
- determine: To control exactly how something will be or act
- presence: The same place or area that a person is
- evolve: To develop certain features
- specifically: As regards a particular thing; closely related to
- sense: Certain mental feeling or emotion
- manipulate: To try to control others to gain an advantage
- navigate: To direct (car, plane etc.) in the right direction
- track: To use marks to follow a wild animal
- contribute: To be a factor in causing something to happen
- increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
- consistently: In a manner that is the same almost every time
- cue: Word or action in a play to tell an actor to speak
- sensitive: Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
- distinctive: Having a quality that is different from others
- inspire: To give someone an idea to do or make something
- contrast: To compare; to show clear, obvious differences
- persistent: Continuing to do something despite challenges
- attractive: Making you like them, as by being good-looking
- odor: A certain smell, often strong or distinct
- curiosity: Something unusual and perhaps worthy of collecting
- generate: To create or be produced or bring into existence
- observe: To celebrate a particular holiday/religious event
- seek: To ask someone for help
- curse: To use offensive language when angry; swear
- abundant: Being in very great supply; plentiful
- break: To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
- alcohol: A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
- ingest: To eat, drink, or swallow something
- exhale: To breathe out the air or smoke in your lungs
- countless: Being too many to be numbered or imagined
- dioxide: An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
- depend: Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
- carbon: Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
- sustenance: What sustains life, especially food
- malaria: Disease caused by being bitten by a mosquito
- prefer: To like something better than something else
- support: To give assistance or advice to someone
- defend: To protect and explain your position in court
- parasite: Small animal or plant living off a bigger one
- pick: Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
- find: To become aware of something that is happening
- trustworthy: Honest and reliable
- person: Man, woman or child
- reproduce: To make a copy of something
- soothe: To relieve something, like pain
- understand: To know the meaning of language, what someone says
- disproportionately: To too great a degree when compared to something
- unscathed: Not harmed/damaged by something bad that happened
- cover: To record a different version of another song
- know: To be familiar with a person or place, thing
- nectar: Sweet liquid found in plants
- microbiome: the microorganisms (= living things too small to be seen) that exist in a particular environment or in the human body
- human: A person; a man, woman or child
- sebum: Oily secretion of the sebaceous glands; with perspiration it moistens and protects the skin
- people: Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
- warm: To become more friendly or to like something
- close: Almost; near
- microbial: Concerning, involving or caused by being microbes
- plume: Bird's feather, especially when colorful
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Why mosquitoes bite some people more than others - Maria Elena De Obaldia
0
coney posted on 2025/03/10Ever wonder why mosquitoes seem to love you more than your friends? This fascinating science explainer dives into the reasons, from CO2 detection to your unique skin microbiome, and even touches on malaria risk! You'll pick up some great vocabulary related to mosquito behavior and disease transmission while learning something super practical.
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