a tremendous amount
US
UK
- Determiner
- A very large quantity or number of something.
B2Moreacademic
US /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk/
UK /ˌækə'demɪk/
- Adjective
- Concerning education, schools, universities, etc.
- Concerning education, schools, universities, etc.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Educator teaching at a college or university
- A subject taught at schools and universities.
B1Moreaccess
US /ˈæksɛs/
UK /'ækses/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
- The opportunity or right to use something or to see someone.
- Transitive Verb
- To be able to use or have permission to use
A2TOEICMoreadvance
US /ædˈvæns/
UK /əd'vɑ:ns/
- Noun
- Forward movement by an army
- An attempt to seduce someone
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- (Of an army) to move forward
- To change or improve
A2TOEICMoreanalyze
US /ˈænəˌlaɪz/
UK /'ænəlaɪz/
- Transitive Verb
- To study carefully to find out the meaning of
B1TOEICMoreas soon as
US /æz sun æz/
UK /æz su:n æz/
- Phrase
- In a short time after (something happens)
- Without any delay; immediately
- Conjunction
- At the moment that, or immediately after.
A1Moreat least
US /æt list/
UK /æt li:st/
- Adverb
- As a minimum
- Not less than
- Phrase
- No less than; at the minimum
- Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
C2Moreauthor
US /ˈɔθɚ/
UK /'ɔ:θə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Person who writes books, plays, poems etc.
- Transitive Verb
- To write book or articles
B1Moreaverage
US /ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ/
UK /'ævərɪdʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Total of numbers divided by the number of items
- Transitive Verb
- To add numbers then divide by the number of items
A2TOEICMorebased on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
- Preposition
- Using something as the main idea or foundation.
- Relying on something as evidence or justification.
A1Morebells and whistles
US
UK
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Attractive but often nonessential features; ornamentation.
- Extra features that are not essential but add to the appeal or functionality.
B1Morecite
US /saɪt/
UK /saɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To officially order someone to appear in court
- To officially praise someone, e.g. for bravery
B1TOEICMoreclinical
US /ˈklɪnɪkəl/
UK /ˈklɪnɪkl/
- Adjective
- Concerning the treatment or observing patients
- Using scientific techniques and precision
B1Morecome from
US /kʌm frʌm/
UK /kʌm frɔm/
- Phrasal Verb
- To have as your native country or city
A1Moreconcept
US /ˈkɑnˌsɛpt/
UK /'kɒnsept/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Abstract idea of something or how it works
- A plan or intention; a conception.
A2TOEICMoreconduct
US / kənˈdʌkt/
UK /kənˈdʌkt/
- Uncountable Noun
- Your behavior
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To behave in a certain way; e.g. at a party
- To let electricity or heat travel through
B1TOEICMorecriticism
US /ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/
UK /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Article or essay that judges quality
- Negative judgment of something
A2Moredepending on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
- Influenced or determined by.
- Preposition
- Subject to; contingent on
- Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
A2Moredespite the fact
US
UK
- Preposition
- In spite of; notwithstanding.
- Conjunction
- Even though; although.
A2Moreessentially
US /ɪˈsenʃəli/
UK /ɪˈsenʃəli/
- Adverb
- Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)
- Used to emphasize the basic truth or fact of a situation.
A2Moreexperiment
US /ɪkˈspɛrəmənt/
UK /ɪk'sperɪmənt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
- A course of action tentatively adopted without being sure of the eventual outcome.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To create and perform tests to research something
- To try something new that you haven't tried before
A2TOEICMorefactor
US /ˈfæktɚ/
UK /'fæktə(r)/
- Noun
- Something that influences a result
- Transitive Verb
- To consider or include in an estimate or judgment
- To find the two numbers a number can be divided by
A2TOEICMorefederal
US /ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl/
UK /'fedərəl/
- Adjective
- Consisting of several united states
- Relating to a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.
- Proper Noun
- The central banking system of the United States.
B1Morefor free
US /fɔr fri/
UK /fɔ: fri:/
- Phrase
- Without charge; at no cost.
- Adjective
- Available without payment.
A2Morefrom A to Z
US /frʌm eɪ tə zi/
UK /frɒm eɪ tə zed/
- other
- Describes covering something completely or in full detail.
B2Moreget a sense
US
UK
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To understand or perceive something intuitively.
A1Morego ahead
US /ɡo əˈhɛd/
UK /ɡəu əˈhed/
- Phrasal Verb
- To start an activity; start doing, working etc.
- To give permission to do something
- Intransitive Verb
- To start or proceed with something
- To proceed despite potential obstacles or doubts.
A1Moregrant
US /ɡrænt/
UK /ɡrɑ:nt/
- Transitive Verb
- To admit an opinion is true but not fully agreeing
- To give or let someone do what they want
- Uncountable Noun
- Money given for education or research
A2TOEICMorehave to
US /hæv tu/
UK /ˈhæv tə/
- Auxiliary Verb
- Must do
A1Morehot off
US
UK
- Adjective
- Freshly produced; just made available to the public.
- Recently received or obtained; very recent.
A2Morehuge
US /hjudʒ/
UK /hju:dʒ/
- Adjective
- Very very large
A2Morehypothesis
US /haɪˈpɑθɪsɪs/
UK /haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/
- Noun
- A theory trying to explain something
- A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
B1Moreidentify
US /aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ/
UK /aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/
- Transitive Verb
- To indicate who or what someone or something is
- To say exactly what something is
B1TOEICMoreimpact
US /ˈɪmˌpækt/
UK /'ɪmpækt/
- Noun
- A striking effect or result to hit with force
- Act or force of one thing hitting something else
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To hit or strike someone or something with force
- To have a strong effect on someone or something.
A2TOEICMoreimpressive
US /ɪmˈprɛsɪv/
UK /ɪmˈpresɪv/
- Adjective
- Causing admiration or respect; grand or expensive
- Having a strong effect, commanding attention.
B1TOEICMorein detail
US /ɪn dɪˈtel/
UK /in ˈdi:teil/
- Phrase
- Thoroughly and completely; giving full particulars.
A2Morein fact
US /ɪn fækt/
UK /in fækt/
- Adverb
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
C1Morein future
US /ɪn ˈfjutʃɚ/
UK /ɪn ˈfju:tʃə/
- Preposition
- At a time yet to come; from now onwards.
A2Morein general
US /ɪn ˈdʒɛnərəl/
UK /in ˈdʒenərəl/
- Phrase
- Typically; usually; on the whole.
- Not specific or detailed; broadly.
- Adjective
- Not detailed or specific; overall.
C2Morein particular
US /ɪn pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ/
UK /in pəˈtikjulə/
- Phrase
- Specifically; especially.
- Detailed or precise.
A1Morein terms of
US
UK
- Phrase
- With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
A1Morein the field
US
UK
- Phrase
- Working or doing research in a real-world environment, not in a classroom or laboratory.
- Located on the playing area of a sports ground.
A1Morein the long run
US
UK
- Phrase
- Eventually; over a long period of time.
A1Morein the world
US /ɪn ði wɜrld/
UK /in ðə wɜː(r)ld/
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
- Used to indicate the extent or degree of something, often in a superlative sense
A1Moreincentive
US /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/
UK /ɪnˈsentɪv/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Something that encourages you to do something
- Adjective
- Serving to encourage or motivate.
B1TOEICMoreinside the box
US /ɪnˈsaɪd ðə bɑks/
UK /ɪnˈsaɪd ðə bɒks/
- other
- To think conventionally or in a traditional way.
B2Morejournal
US /ˈdʒɚnəl/
UK /ˈdʒə:nl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A diary; record of what you do every day
- Magazine of academic papers
B1TOEICMorelook at
US /lʊk æt/
UK /luk æt/
- Phrasal Verb
- To use your eyes to focus on something
- To focus your eyes on something carefully
A1Moremanuscript
US /ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt/
UK /ˈmænjuskrɪpt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Original piece of writing before it is published
B2Moremedical research
US
UK
- Uncountable Noun
- Scientific investigation to improve medical knowledge and treatments.
B2Moremultiple
US /ˈmʌltəpəl/
UK /ˈmʌltɪpl/
- Adjective
- Having or involving more than one of something
- Having or involving several parts, elements, or members.
- Countable Noun
- Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
- A number of identical circuit elements connected in parallel or series.
B1Moreof course
US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/
UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/
- Adverb
- Sure ; Certainly
- Phrase
- For sure; certainly
A2Moreout there
US /aʊt ðɛr/
UK /aut ðɛə/
- Adverb
- In or to a place that is far away
- Existing in the universe
- Adjective
- Unconventional; strange; avant-garde
- Existing or available.
A1Morepeer
US /pɪr/
UK /pɪə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A noble, but not royal, person, e.g. lord or duke
- Person of the same age, class or situation
- Intransitive Verb
- To look closely and carefully, as if hard to see
B2Moreprocess
US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/
UK /prə'ses/
- Transitive Verb
- To organize and use data in a computer
- To deal with official forms in the way required
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Dealing with official forms in the way required
- Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
A2TOEICMoreproductive
US /prəˈdʌktɪv, pro-/
UK /prəˈdʌktɪv/
- Adjective
- Producing things in large quantities; fertile
- Doing a lot of work and achieving a lot
B1Moreput together
US /pʊt təˈɡɛðɚ/
UK /put təˈɡeðə/
- Phrasal Verb
- To build or assemble something small, e.g. a toy
- To organize or arrange something.
A1Morerather than
US
UK
- Adverb
- More exactly; more correctly
- Preferably; instead
- Preposition
- Instead of
A1Morereach out
US /ritʃ aʊt/
UK /ri:tʃ aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To attempt to communicate with someone.
- To offer help and support to someone.
B1Moreread through
US /rid θru/
UK /ri:d θru:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To read something from beginning to end, often to find mistakes or check details.
- To read something quickly without paying attention to details.
- Noun
- A rehearsal where actors read through the script without acting it out fully.
A1Moreresearch
US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/
UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Study done to discover new ideas and facts
- A particular area or topic of study.
A2TOEICMoresalesman
US /ˈselzmən/
UK /'seɪlzmən/
- Countable Noun
- Person whose job is to sell things
B2Morescholar
US /ˈskɑ:lə(r)/
UK /ˈskɒlə(r)/
- Noun
- Educated person who attends or attended school
- An academic in a certain field
B1Morescientific
US /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
UK /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
- Adjective
- Concerning academic study of the physical world
- Systematic and precise, following a methodology.
- Noun
- Relating to or used in science.
A2Moretalking about
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To discuss a particular topic.
- To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
A1Moreto do with
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To be about something; concern
A1Moreto let
US /tu lɛt/
UK /tu let/
- Preposition
- Indicates that a property is available for rent.
A2Moretrial
US /ˈtraɪəl, traɪl/
UK /ˈtraɪəl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Hearing and judgment of a case in court
- Act or process of testing or experimenting
- Transitive Verb
- To be made or done as a test or experiment
A2TOEICMoreup there
US /ʌp ðɛr/
UK /ʌp ðɛə/
- Adverb
- In or to a higher place or position; far away.
- In heaven.
A1Moreupwards of
US
UK
- Preposition
- More than; at least.
- Phrase
- Approximately; around.
A1Morewith good reason
US /wɪθ gʊd ˈrizən/
UK /wɪθ gʊd ˈri:zən/
- other
- Having a valid or justifiable cause or explanation.
B2Morewrite up
US /raɪt ʌp/
UK /rait ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To make a written record of (a study, etc.)
A1More
Vocabulary
- medical research: Scientific investigation to improve medical knowledge and treatments.
- have to: Must do
- from A to Z: Describes covering something completely or in full detail.
- in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
- talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
- in the field: Working or doing research in a real-world environment, not in a classroom or laboratory.
- in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- at least: As a minimum
- of course: Sure ; Certainly
- for free: Without charge; at no cost.
- look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
- out there: In or to a place that is far away
- in general: Typically; usually; on the whole.
- bells and whistles: Attractive but often nonessential features; ornamentation.
- to let: Indicates that a property is available for rent.
- to do with: To be about something; concern
- inside the box: To think conventionally or in a traditional way.
- with good reason: Having a valid or justifiable cause or explanation.
- a tremendous amount: A very large quantity or number of something.
- in the long run: Eventually; over a long period of time.
- come from: To have as your native country or city
- in terms of
- put together: To build or assemble something small, e.g. a toy
- upwards of: More than; at least.
- write up: To make a written record of (a study, etc.)
- rather than: More exactly; more correctly
- go ahead: To start an activity; start doing, working etc.
- read through: To read something from beginning to end, often to find mistakes or check details.
- in detail: Thoroughly and completely; giving full particulars.
- depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
- hot off: Freshly produced; just made available to the public.
- as soon as: In a short time after (something happens)
- reach out: To attempt to communicate with someone.
- despite the fact: In spite of; notwithstanding.
- up there: In or to a higher place or position; far away.
- get a sense: To understand or perceive something intuitively.
- in future: At a time yet to come; from now onwards.
- based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
- in particular: Specifically; especially.
- essentially: Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)
- process: To organize and use data in a computer
- access: Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
- multiple: Having or involving more than one of something
- period: Set amount of time during which events take place
- concept: Abstract idea of something or how it works
- average: Total of numbers divided by the number of items
- impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
- treat: To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
- experiment: Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
- sense: Certain mental feeling or emotion
- develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
- impressive: Causing admiration or respect; grand or expensive
- identify: To indicate who or what someone or something is
- productive: Producing things in large quantities; fertile
- academic: Concerning education, schools, universities, etc.
- research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- trial: Hearing and judgment of a case in court
- incentive: Something that encourages you to do something
- bit: Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
- industry: Hard work; being busy working
- conduct: Your behavior
- criticism: Article or essay that judges quality
- field: Area of study, such as physics or biology
- hypothesis: A theory trying to explain something
- federal: Consisting of several united states
- behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
- journal: A diary; record of what you do every day
- huge: Very very large
- factor: Something that influences a result
- advance: Forward movement by an army
- scientific: Concerning academic study of the physical world
- grant: To admit an opinion is true but not fully agreeing
- accept: To agree to receive or take something offered
- clinical: Concerning the treatment or observing patients
- peer: A noble, but not royal, person, e.g. lord or duke
- analyze: To study carefully to find out the meaning of
- mind: To be bothered or upset by something
- author: Person who writes books, plays, poems etc.
- lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- place: To put someone in a particular type of situation
- promise: To say you will certainly do something
- fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
- information: Collection of facts and details about something
- scholar: Educated person who attends or attended school
- cite: To officially order someone to appear in court
- manuscript: Original piece of writing before it is published
- salesman: Person whose job is to sell things
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
How Research Works | Understanding Medical Research
0
林宜悉 posted on 2026/09/11Ever wondered how medical research actually works, from a simple idea to a published paper? This video gives you the big picture, explaining the journey from hypothesis to manuscript, the crucial role of peer review, and what "open data" really means. You'll even pick up key phrases like "nitty-gritty" and "perverse incentives" to talk about science with confidence!
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