addiction
US /əˈdɪkʃən/
UK /əˈdɪkʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Lack of control the overuse of something e.g. drugs
- A compulsive physiological need for a habit-forming substance.
B1TOEICMoreadvocate
US /ˈædvəˌket/
UK /'ædvəkeɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A lawyer who protects a clients interests
- Person who supports a movement for changes
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To request change
- To publicly support a belief
B1TOEICMorealcohol
US /ˈælkəˌhɔl,-ˌhɑl/
UK /'ælkəhɒl/
- Uncountable Noun
- A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
- Drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer
B1Moreas long as
US /æz lɔŋ æz/
UK /æz lɔŋ æz/
- Conjunction
- For the period that; provided that.
- For the length of time that
- Preposition
- On the condition that; providing that.
- Having the same length as.
A1Moreas opposed to
US
UK
- Preposition
- In contrast to; rather than.
- Instead of; in place of.
A1Moreas well as
US /æz wɛl æz/
UK /æz wel æz/
- Adverb
- Also; in addition to
- Preposition
- In addition to; and also.
A1Moreat risk
US
UK
- Phrase
- In danger; likely to be harmed
awareness
US /əˈwɛrnɪs/
UK /əˈweənəs/
- Uncountable Noun
- Having knowledge of something
A2TOEICMorebetter understanding
US
UK
- Uncountable Noun
- An improved level of comprehension or knowledge.
B2Morebinary
US /ˈbaɪnəri/
UK /ˈbaɪnəri/
- Adjective
- Having two parts; using only 2 numbers, 1 and 0
- Noun
- Mathematical language using only one and zero
B2Moreby default
US /baɪ dɪˈfɔlt/
UK /bai diˈfɔ:lt/
- Adverb
- Automatically, unless the user specifies otherwise.
- Because of a lack of any other action or choice.
carcinogen
US /kɑ:rˈsɪnədʒən/
UK /kɑ:ˈsɪnədʒən/
- Noun
- Describes a substance which causes cancer
C2Morecause
US /kɔz/
UK /kɔ:z/
- Noun
- Belief, goal or organization that people support
- Reason for
- Transitive Verb
- To make something happen; create effect or result
A2Morechronic
US /ˈkrɑnɪk/
UK /'krɒnɪk/
- Adjective
- Always or often doing something, e.g. lying
- (Of disease) over a long time; serious
B1Morecome from
US /kʌm frʌm/
UK /kʌm frɔm/
- Phrasal Verb
- To have as your native country or city
A1Moreconsumption
US /kənˈsʌmpʃən/
UK /kənˈsʌmpʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- The act of buying and using products
- The act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used
B1Moreconversation
US /ˌkɑnvɚˈseʃən/
UK /ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Talking with other people; discussion or chat
- General communication or interaction.
A2Morecouple
US /ˈkʌpəl/
UK /'kʌpl/
- Transitive Verb
- To join something to something else
- (Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Two people in a romantic relationship
- Two of something; two people; a pair
A2Morecrisis
US /ˈkraɪsɪs/
UK /'kraɪsɪs/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
- A turning point in a disease.
B1Morecut back
US /kʌt bæk/
UK /kʌt bæk/
- Phrasal Verb
- To use less of something
- To reduce your use of something; reduce amount
A1Moredefine
US /dɪˈfaɪn/
UK /dɪ'faɪn/
- Transitive Verb
- To explain the meaning of words
- To set or mark the limits of something
A2TOEICMoredisease
US /dɪˈziz/
UK /dɪˈzi:z/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
- A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
- Transitive Verb
- To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
A2TOEICMoredisorder
US /dɪsˈɔrdɚ/
UK /dɪs'ɔ:də(r)/
- Uncountable Noun
- State of confusion or a lack of organization
- Illness when the body is not functioning well
- Transitive Verb
- To disrupt the order or arrangement of something.
B2Moredrink in
US /drɪŋk ɪn/
UK /driŋk in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To absorb or take in something with great enjoyment.
A1Moredrunk driving
US
UK
- Noun
- The act of operating a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol.
federal
US /ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl/
UK /'fedərəl/
- Adjective
- Consisting of several united states
- Relating to a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.
- Proper Noun
- The central banking system of the United States.
B1Morefeel like
US
UK
- Intransitive Verb
- To have a desire or inclination for something.
- To have a particular quality or sensation; resemble.
A1Morefor example
US
UK
- Phrase
- As an illustration or instance.
go back to
US /ɡo bæk tu/
UK /ɡəu bæk tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To return to a starting point
A1Morego straight
US /ɡo stret/
UK /ɡəu streit/
- Intransitive Verb
- To continue in the same direction without turning.
- To start living an honest and law-abiding life.
A1Moregruesome
US /ˈɡrusəm/
UK /ˈgru:səm/
- Adjective
- Showing horrible scenes, e.g. showing blood
C2Morehave to
US /hæv tu/
UK /ˈhæv tə/
- Auxiliary Verb
- Must do
A1Morein addition to
US /ɪn əˈdɪʃən tu/
UK /in əˈdiʃən tu:/
- Preposition
- Besides; as well as
- Phrase
- Besides; as well as.
- Furthermore; moreover.
B1Morein fact
US /ɪn fækt/
UK /in fækt/
- Adverb
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
C1Morein general
US /ɪn ˈdʒɛnərəl/
UK /in ˈdʒenərəl/
- Phrase
- Typically; usually; on the whole.
- Not specific or detailed; broadly.
- Adjective
- Not detailed or specific; overall.
C2Morein moderation
US
UK
- Phrase
- Not excessively; with restraint.
C1Morein part
US /ɪn pɑrt/
UK /in pɑ:t/
- Adverb
- To some extent; partially.
A1Morein particular
US /ɪn pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ/
UK /in pəˈtikjulə/
- Phrase
- Specifically; especially.
- Detailed or precise.
A1Morein ways
US
UK
- Phrase
- In a manner or by methods that.
- In certain respects or aspects.
A1Morein with
US /ɪn wɪð/
UK /in wið/
- Phrase
- Fashionable or popular at the moment.
- Having influence or favor with someone.
- Phrasal Verb
- To introduce or bring something new into a system or organization.
A1Moreinfluence
US / ˈɪnfluəns/
UK /'ɪnflʊəns/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To affect or change something indirectly
- To persuade someone to do something.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- The power to affect what happens, to persuade etc.
- A person or thing that affects someone or something in an important way.
A2TOEICMoreknow about
US /noʊ əˈbaʊt/
UK /nəʊ əˈbaut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To have information or understanding of a subject or situation.
lead to
US /lid tu/
UK /li:d tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To result in some action
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To have something as a consequence or result.
A1Moreliver
US /ˈlɪvɚ/
UK /ˈlɪvə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Organ from animals served as food
- Organ that absorbs food and cleans the blood
B1Morelook at
US /lʊk æt/
UK /luk æt/
- Phrasal Verb
- To use your eyes to focus on something
- To focus your eyes on something carefully
A1Moremake of
US /mek ʌv/
UK /meik ɔv/
- Phrasal Verb
- To understand or have an opinion about something
- To create or produce something from a particular material
A1Moremention
US /ˈmɛnʃən/
UK /'menʃn/
- Transitive Verb
- To refer to or talk or write about something
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of referring to or talking about something
- A formal acknowledgement of something
A2TOEICMoremoderate
US /ˈmɑdərɪt/
UK /ˈmɒdərət/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To host a meeting or panel discussion
- To make something less violent, severe, or strong
- Adjective
- Being average in quantity or size
B1Moremoderation
US /ˌmɑ:dəˈreɪʃn/
UK /ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Decrease in the amount of something that is high
- Quality of not doing to excess; restraint
C1TOEICMoremove on
US /muv ɑn/
UK /mu:v ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To decide to change or go to a different place
- To start talking about something different.
A1Morenecessarily
US /ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr-/
UK /ˌnesəˈserəli/
- Adverb
- In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable
A2TOEICMorenormalize
US /ˈnɔ:rməlaɪz/
UK /ˈnɔ:məlaɪz/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something normal or regular
B2Moreobvious
US /ˈɑbviəs/
UK /ˈɒbviəs/
- Adjective
- Easily understood and clear; plain to see
- Easy to see or notice.
A2TOEICMoreof course
US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/
UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/
- Adverb
- Sure ; Certainly
- Phrase
- For sure; certainly
A2Moreof use
US /ʌv jus/
UK /əv ju:s/
- other
- Having practical value; useful or helpful.
B1Moreon earth
US /ɑn ɚθ/
UK /ɔn ə:θ/
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
- Used to emphasize that something is not possible or will not happen.
A1Moreout there
US /aʊt ðɛr/
UK /aut ðɛə/
- Adverb
- In or to a place that is far away
- Existing in the universe
- Adjective
- Unconventional; strange; avant-garde
- Existing or available.
A1Moreoutcome
US /ˈaʊtˌkʌm/
UK /ˈaʊtkʌm/
- Noun
- Something that happens as a result, consequence
A2Moreparadigm
US /ˈpærəˌdaɪm, -ˌdɪm/
UK /ˈpærədaɪm/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A set of ideas for understanding or explaining
- Way of looking at things
B1TOEICMoreper year
US
UK
- Phrase
- For each year; annually.
A2Morepolicymaker
US /'pɒləsɪˌmeɪkə/
UK /'pɒləsɪmeɪkə(r)/
- Noun
- Someone who makes and decides (government) plans
C2Moreprocess
US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/
UK /prə'ses/
- Transitive Verb
- To organize and use data in a computer
- To deal with official forms in the way required
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Dealing with official forms in the way required
- Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
A2TOEICMoreput out
US /pʊt aʊt/
UK /put aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To publish, e.g. a book
- To cause someone to be troubled or inconvenienced
A1Morereduction
US /rɪˈdʌkʃən/
UK /rɪ'dʌkʃn/
- Noun
- Act of making something smaller
B1Morerehab program
US
UK
- Noun
- A structured course of treatment for addiction or other health issues.
- A structured course of physical therapy to recover from an injury or surgery.
relate
US /rɪˈlet/
UK /rɪ'leɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To demonstrate a logical relationship between
- To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
A2TOEICMorerevenue
US /ˈrevənju/
UK /'revənju:/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Money that is made by or paid to a business
- Money a government collects from its people
A2TOEICMoreshift in
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- A change or alteration in something.
B2Moreshut down
US /ʃʌt daʊn/
UK /ʃʌt daun/
- Phrasal Verb
- To close an operating system, e.g. on a computer
- To stop a factory/machine from operating
- Transitive Verb
- To deactivate a nuclear reactor.
- To turn off a computer or other electronic device.
A2Moresociety
US /səˈsaɪɪti/
UK /sə'saɪətɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A group who meet to share values or interests
- Group of people living together
A2TOEICMorespectrum
US /ˈspɛktrəm/
UK /'spektrəm/
- Noun
- The wavelengths of colors from red to violet
- a range of different positions, opinions, etc. between two extreme points
B1Morestigma
US /ˈstɪɡmə/
UK /'stɪɡmə/
- Noun
- Mark of shame or disgrace
B2TOEICMoresubstance use
US
UK
- Uncountable Noun
- The use of drugs, alcohol, or other substances.
- The use of drugs, alcohol, or other substances, especially when problematic.
A1Moretalk about it
US /tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪt/
UK /tɔ:k əˈbaut it/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To discuss a particular subject.
A1Moretalking about
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To discuss a particular topic.
- To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
A1Morethink about
US /θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/
UK /θiŋk əˈbaut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To consider something carefully.
- To remember or call to mind.
A1Morethink of
US /θɪŋk ʌv/
UK /θiŋk ɔv/
- Phrasal Verb
- To look on as (being something specific); consider
- To consider or remember something.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To imagine or call something to mind
A1Moreto the full
US
UK
- Phrase
- Completely; to the greatest extent possible.
- To the maximum capacity or extent.
A1Moreturn to
US /tɚn tu/
UK /tə:n tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To go to someone for help, advice, or information.
- To start doing or using something, often something bad or undesirable.
A1Moreused to
US /juzd tu/
UK /ˈju:st tə/
- Adjective
- Did regularly before, but don't do now
- Auxiliary Verb
- Have done before, but do not do now
A1Morevague
US /veɡ/
UK /veɪɡ/
- Adjective
- Not clearly stated or expressed; rough; unclear
- Being not clearly visible
B1Moreviolence
US /ˈvaɪələns/
UK /ˈvaɪələns/
- Uncountable Noun
- Strong physical force of nature
- Use of physical force to harm someone
B1Morewant in
US
UK
- Intransitive Verb
- To desire to participate or be included in something.
A1Moreweave
US /wiv/
UK /wi:v/
- Transitive Verb
- To make a cloth or baskets by crossing threads
- To combine and connect ideas, stories, or themes
- Noun
- Particular type of cloth made by crossing threads
B1Morewith regards to
US
UK
- Phrase
- Concerning; relating to; about.
A1More
Vocabulary
- think about: To consider something carefully.
- in moderation: Not excessively; with restraint.
- know about: To have information or understanding of a subject or situation.
- make of: To understand or have an opinion about something
- have to: Must do
- put out: To publish, e.g. a book
- look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
- on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
- in addition to: Besides; as well as
- for example: As an illustration or instance.
- talk about it: To discuss a particular subject.
- think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
- out there: In or to a place that is far away
- drink in: To absorb or take in something with great enjoyment.
- of use: Having practical value; useful or helpful.
- talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
- used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
- with regards to: Concerning; relating to; about.
- turn to: To go to someone for help, advice, or information.
- in particular: Specifically; especially.
- substance use: The use of drugs, alcohol, or other substances.
- go straight: To continue in the same direction without turning.
- in ways: In a manner or by methods that.
- per year: For each year; annually.
- as well as: Also; in addition to
- want in: To desire to participate or be included in something.
- of course: Sure ; Certainly
- in part: To some extent; partially.
- feel like: To have a desire or inclination for something.
- shift in: A change or alteration in something.
- drunk driving: The act of operating a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol.
- come from: To have as your native country or city
- lead to: To result in some action
- in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- go back to: To return to a starting point
- shut down: To close an operating system, e.g. on a computer
- as long as: For the period that; provided that.
- cut back: To use less of something
- as opposed to: In contrast to; rather than.
- to the full: Completely; to the greatest extent possible.
- by default: Automatically, unless the user specifies otherwise.
- at risk: In danger; likely to be harmed
- move on: To decide to change or go to a different place
- in general: Typically; usually; on the whole.
- rehab program: A structured course of treatment for addiction or other health issues.
- better understanding: An improved level of comprehension or knowledge.
- in with: Fashionable or popular at the moment.
- chronic: Always or often doing something, e.g. lying
- obvious: Easily understood and clear; plain to see
- process: To organize and use data in a computer
- evidence: Factual proof that helps to establish the truth
- crisis: Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
- vague: Not clearly stated or expressed; rough; unclear
- disorder: State of confusion or a lack of organization
- revenue: Money that is made by or paid to a business
- spectrum: The wavelengths of colors from red to violet
- sense: Certain mental feeling or emotion
- necessarily: In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable
- stigma: Mark of shame or disgrace
- conversation: Talking with other people; discussion or chat
- consumption: The act of buying and using products
- disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
- advocate: A lawyer who protects a clients interests
- influence: To affect or change something indirectly
- cardiovascular: Concerning the heart and vessels of the body
- awareness: Having knowledge of something
- industry: Hard work; being busy working
- exist: To be present, alive or real
- mention: To refer to or talk or write about something
- paradigm: A set of ideas for understanding or explaining
- moderate: To host a meeting or panel discussion
- series: Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
- society: A group who meet to share values or interests
- addiction: Lack of control the overuse of something e.g. drugs
- federal: Consisting of several united states
- behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
- cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
- moderation: Decrease in the amount of something that is high
- define: To explain the meaning of words
- outcome: Something that happens as a result, consequence
- couple: To join something to something else
- risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
- lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
- relate: To demonstrate a logical relationship between
- alcohol: A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
- social: Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
- violence: Strong physical force of nature
- lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- reduction: Act of making something smaller
- important: Having power or authority
- support: To give assistance or advice to someone
- public: Owned by the government
- government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
- liver: Organ from animals served as food
- weave: To make a cloth or baskets by crossing threads
- gruesome: Showing horrible scenes, e.g. showing blood
- binary: Having two parts; using only 2 numbers, 1 and 0
- carcinogen: Describes a substance which causes cancer
- normalize: To make something normal or regular
- policymaker: Someone who makes and decides (government) plans
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
What alcohol does to our bodies – and why many overlook the risks
0
林宜悉 posted on 2026/07/19Ever wonder if any amount of alcohol is truly safe, despite its place in our social lives? This video dives deep into what alcohol really does to our bodies, exploring surprising health impacts and why it's so hard for us to recognize the risks. You'll pick up key phrases for discussing public health and gain a clearer understanding of this complex issue.
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