Vocabulary

• rather than: More exactly; more correctly
• in other words: Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
• instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
• work through: To deal with something systematically until it is completed
• side note: A brief piece of additional information or a comment that is related to the main subject but is not essential to it.
• stay in: To remain inside one's home.
• for life: For the duration of one's life; permanently.
• cranial nerves: The twelve paired nerves that originate in the brainstem and reach various parts of the head, neck, and torso.
• in the first place: To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
• per year: For each year; annually.
• to date: Up to the present time; until now.
• feel like: To have a desire or inclination for something.
• tail off: To become gradually smaller or weaker.
• came away with: To have a particular feeling or impression after an event or experience.
• have at: To attack someone or something.
• at least: As a minimum
• get out of: To leave or escape responsibilities, troubles
• approved for: Officially accepted or allowed.
• from the start: From the very beginning; from the outset.
• around the clock: All day and all night; continuously.
• specific: Precise; particular; just about that thing
• trauma: A very severe or upsetting experience
• average: Total of numbers divided by the number of items
• impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
• tend: To move or act in a certain manner
• severe: Very bad; harsh
• treat: To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
• conversation: Talking with other people; discussion or chat
• expect: To believe something is probably going to happen
• traumatic: Causing upsetting emotional effects over time
• career: Particular occupation in professional life
• disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
• complex: Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
• demand: Desire customers have to buy product, service
• academic: Concerning education, schools, universities, etc.
• research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
• measure: Plan to achieve a desired result
• pressure: Anxiety caused by difficult problems
• drain: Hole or pipe that water, waste etc. flows into
• quality: Feature associated with someone or something
• stroke: When blood cannot get to brain, causing damage
• field: Area of study, such as physics or biology
• brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
• perform: To carry out an action well or successfully
• primary: Most important, most basic or essential
• volume: Number or amount of something e.g. sales
• technically: In an exact and particular manner
• surgery: Medical operation involving cutting into body
• lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
• ground: To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
• competitive: Being strongly driven to win or be better than
• acute: (Of an angle in math) of less than 90 degrees
• spine: Line of bones that runs down your back
• radiation: Energy transmitted as rays, waves or particles
• skull: Structure of bones forming the face and head
• author: Person who writes books, plays, poems etc.
• single: One run in cricket or a hit baseball
• kind: In a caring and helpful manner
• manage: To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
• control: A device designed to operate a machine
• operate: To control or handle something, such as a machine
• procedure: A medical operation
• language: Words or signs used to communicate messages
• specialty: Skill or a dish that a person, business is good at
• cognition: Recognition involved in thought processing
• surgeon: A doctor who performs surgery
• grow: To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
• tumor: Abnormal growth of cells; cancer
• cord: A long strong material, thicker than string
• clot: Mass of blood, etc. that has dried up/become thick
• chemotherapy: Treatment of diseases using chemicals
• spinal: Concerning the spine or nerves in your back
• surgical: Of or relating to surgery or operations
• applicant: Someone formally expressing interest e.g. in a job
• cite: To officially order someone to appear in court
• pediatric: Concerning the medical care of children
• residency: Training for a junior doctor in hospital
• deformity: Affliction of being misshapen or malformed
• accredit: To state that meets certain standards