afford
US /əˈfɔrd, əˈford/
UK /ə'fɔ:d/
- Transitive Verb
- To make available, to provide
- To have enough money to pay for something
A2TOEICMoreas a whole
US /æz e hol/
UK /æz ə həul/
- Phrase
- Considering everything together; in general.
- Complete; not divided or incomplete.
- Adjective
- Complete; not divided or fragmented.
A1Moreauto
US /ˈɔ:toʊ/
UK /ˈɔ:təʊ/
- Noun
- Car; a road vehicle with four or more wheels
B2Moreautomaker
US /ˈɔ:toʊmeɪkə(r)/
UK /ˈɔ:təʊmeɪkə(r)/
- Countable Noun
- Manufacturer of cars and trucks
C2Moreautomotive industry
US
UK
- Noun
- The sector of industry involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and sales of motor vehicles.
B1Moreaverage
US /ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ/
UK /'ævərɪdʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Total of numbers divided by the number of items
- Transitive Verb
- To add numbers then divide by the number of items
A2TOEICMoreback into
US /bæk ˈɪntu/
UK /bæk ˈɪntuː/
- Phrasal Verb
- To drive a vehicle backwards into a space or area.
- To accidentally collide with something while moving backwards.
A1Moreboost
US /bust/
UK /bu:st/
- Transitive Verb
- To increase something; to make something better
- To push someone or something up from beneath them
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- An increase in something
B1TOEICMorebottom
US /ˈbɑtəm/
UK /'bɒtəm/
- Noun
- The part of your body you sit on
- Lowest position, often in a company or contest
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To hit the lowest part of something
- To provide with a bottom.
A2TOEICMorebrand
US /brænd/
UK /brænd/
- Noun
- A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
- Product made or designed by a named company
- Transitive Verb
- To burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
- To describe someone as a liar, coward, etc.
A2TOEICMorechallenge
US /ˈtʃæləndʒ/
UK /'tʃælɪndʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
- Act of formally inviting someone to compete
- Transitive Verb
- To formally invite someone to compete at something
- To question the correctness of something
A2Morechart
US /tʃɑ:rt/
UK /tʃɑ:t/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Drawing showing information in a clear way
- Map of the sea or stars
- Transitive Verb
- To make a plan for future action
- To make a map of
B1Morecompetition
US /ˌkɑmpɪˈtɪʃən/
UK /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Fighting against others to win something
- A situation in which people or organizations compete with each other for something that not everyone can have.
A2Morecrucial
US /ˈkruʃəl/
UK /'kru:ʃl/
- Adjective
- Extremely important or necessary
- Of great importance to the success of something.
B1Morecut back
US /kʌt bæk/
UK /kʌt bæk/
- Phrasal Verb
- To use less of something
- To reduce your use of something; reduce amount
A1Moredecade
US /ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked/
UK /ˈdekeɪd/
- Countable Noun
- Period of 10 years
B1TOEICMoredemand
US /dɪˈmænd/
UK /dɪ'mɑ:nd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Desire customers have to buy product, service
- A strong request for someone to do something
- Transitive Verb
- To strongly request someone to do something
- To need something.
A2TOEICMorediscipline
US /ˈdɪsəplɪn/
UK /'dɪsəplɪn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Instruction and practice to teach obedience
- Particular field of study
- Transitive Verb
- To control or train others by making them obey you
- To punish a person for their wrongdoing
B1TOEICMoreeconomic
US /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə-/
UK /ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk/
- Adjective
- Concerning trade, industry, and money
- Financially worthwhile; profitable.
- Noun
- A system relating to economics
- A factor relating to economics
A2Moreextremely
US /ɪk'strimlɪ/
UK /ɪkˈstri:mli/
- Adverb
- In a way that is much more than usual or expected
- Remarkably; unusually.
B1Morego back to
US /ɡo bæk tu/
UK /ɡəu bæk tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To return to a starting point
A1Morehave to
US /hæv tu/
UK /ˈhæv tə/
- Auxiliary Verb
- Must do
A1Morehousehold
US /ˈhaʊsˌhold/
UK /'haʊshəʊld/
- Adjective
- Being in everyday use; common
- Relating to a house or home.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Concerning a home
- Family or other group living together in a house
B1Morehuge
US /hjudʒ/
UK /hju:dʒ/
- Adjective
- Very very large
A2Moreimpact
US /ˈɪmˌpækt/
UK /'ɪmpækt/
- Noun
- A striking effect or result to hit with force
- Act or force of one thing hitting something else
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To hit or strike someone or something with force
- To have a strong effect on someone or something.
A2TOEICMorein fact
US /ɪn fækt/
UK /in fækt/
- Adverb
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
C1Moreincremental
US /ˌɪŋkrə'mentl/
UK /ˌɪŋkrə'mentl/
- Adjective
- Happening or growing bit by bit over time
B2Morelease
US /lis/
UK /li:s/
- Noun
- Contract renting land, buildings, etc. to another
- The period of time for which a lease is granted.
- Transitive Verb
- To rent; pay money to use something, e.g. car
B1TOEICMorelook at
US /lʊk æt/
UK /luk æt/
- Phrasal Verb
- To use your eyes to focus on something
- To focus your eyes on something carefully
A1Moremakeup
US /ˈmekˌʌp/
UK /'meɪkʌp/
- Uncountable Noun
- Substance put on the face to make you look pretty
- The way in which something is formed or composed.
- Transitive Verb
- To invent or fabricate something.
- To compensate for something.
B2Moremarble
US /ˈmɑrbəl/
UK /'mɑ:bl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A hard type of stone, often used in monuments
- Adjective
- Made of or resembling marble.
- Having a veined or swirled appearance like marble.
B1Moreoutside of
US /aʊtˈsaɪd ʌv/
UK /ˌautˈsaid ɔv/
- Preposition
- Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
- Beyond the scope, range, or limits of something.
A1Morepandemic
US /pænˈdɛmɪk/
UK /pæn'demɪk/
- Adjective
- (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants
- Noun
- a pandemic disease
C2Morepeak
US /pik/
UK /pi:k/
- Noun
- Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
- The very top of a mountain
- Intransitive Verb
- To reach the highest or best point
B1Morepipeline
US /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/
UK /ˈpaɪplaɪn/
- Noun
- Line of pipes used for carrying gases or liquids
- Transitive Verb
- To send through a series of pipes
B2Morepre
US
UK
- Prefix
- A prefix meaning 'before'
B2Moreprior
US /ˈpraɪɚ/
UK /'praɪə(r)/
- Adjective
- Existing or coming earlier in time
- (Of a claim, etc.) more important than another one
- Noun
- Monk or priest in charge of a monastery
B1TOEICMoreprior to
US /ˈpraɪɚ tu/
UK /ˈpraiə tu:/
- Preposition
- Before a particular time or event.
C1Moreprofitable
US /ˈprɑ:fɪtəbl/
UK /ˈprɒfɪtəbl/
- Adjective
- Being useful; benefiting someone or something
- Making more money than it cost to make
A2TOEICMorepurchase
US
UK
- Transitive Verb
- To buy something; to get by paying money for it
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Something that you bought
- Strong hold on something; grip
A2TOEICMoreramp
US /ræmp/
UK /ræmp/
- Noun
- Path that increases in height as you walk up it
- Transitive Verb
- To slope or incline; (phrasal: ramp up) to increase the level or amount of something sharply; to furnish with a sloping surface.
B2Morerare
US /rɛr/
UK /reə(r)/
- Adjective
- (Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
- Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common
A2Morestock
US /stɑk/
UK /stɒk/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Animals such as cattle kept for breeding
- Merchandise; goods kept by a business for sale
- Uncountable Noun
- Tasty liquid added to stews, soups etc.
B2TOEICMoretight
US /taɪt/
UK /taɪt/
- Adjective
- Showing anxiety or anger; tense
- Positioned physically close together
- Adverb
- Firmly; so it can't move
A2TOEICMoreused to
US /juzd tu/
UK /ˈju:st tə/
- Adjective
- Did regularly before, but don't do now
- Auxiliary Verb
- Have done before, but do not do now
A1Morevehicle
US /ˈvi:hɪkl/
UK /ˈvi:əkl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Machine (such as a car) used to carry things
- Means of expressing, showing, or achieving
A2TOEICMorewholesale
US /ˈholˌsel/
UK /'həʊlseɪl/
- Adjective
- Concerning the selling of goods in large amounts
B2More
Vocabulary
- prior to: Before a particular time or event.
- automotive industry: The sector of industry involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and sales of motor vehicles.
- look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
- cut back: To use less of something
- have to: Must do
- in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
- as a whole: Considering everything together; in general.
- go back to: To return to a starting point
- outside of: Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
- back into: To drive a vehicle backwards into a space or area.
- crucial: Extremely important or necessary
- discipline: Instruction and practice to teach obedience
- extremely: In a way that is much more than usual or expected
- pandemic: (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants
- boost: To increase something; to make something better
- average: Total of numbers divided by the number of items
- impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
- force: Group of persons trained for military action; army
- expect: To believe something is probably going to happen
- demand: Desire customers have to buy product, service
- brand: A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
- decade: Period of 10 years
- industry: Hard work; being busy working
- afford: To make available, to provide
- competition: Fighting against others to win something
- rare: (Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
- similar: Nearly the same; alike
- huge: Very very large
- purchase: To buy something; to get by paying money for it
- stock: Animals such as cattle kept for breeding
- raise: To increase a bet above another when playing cards
- effect: An advantage, benefit
- challenge: An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
- household: Being in everyday use; common
- rate: To assess something or consider its qualities
- prior: Existing or coming earlier in time
- record: Highest or most extreme level achieved
- vehicle: Machine (such as a car) used to carry things
- produce: Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
- peak: Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
- ramp: Path that increases in height as you walk up it
- haven: Place where people can feel safe and happy
- bottom: The part of your body you sit on
- lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- profitable: Being useful; benefiting someone or something
- place: To put someone in a particular type of situation
- offer: Price you say you are willing to pay for something
- hit: To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
- tight: Showing anxiety or anger; tense
- system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
- economic: Concerning trade, industry, and money
- lease: Contract renting land, buildings, etc. to another
- marble: A hard type of stone, often used in monuments
- incremental: Happening or growing bit by bit over time
- chart: Drawing showing information in a clear way
- makeup: Substance put on the face to make you look pretty
- pipeline: Line of pipes used for carrying gases or liquids
- wholesale: Concerning the selling of goods in large amounts
- pre: A prefix meaning 'before'
- auto: Car; a road vehicle with four or more wheels
- automaker: Manufacturer of cars and trucks
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Why Used Car Prices Are High — Millions Of Cars Are Missing
0
林宜悉 posted on 2026/06/22Ever wondered why buying a car feels like a battle these days? This video dives into the surprising reasons behind high used car prices, explaining how fewer new cars and changes in leasing practices have created a 'missing millions' effect. You'll pick up key phrases like 'supply shock' and 'waterfall effect' to understand the economics behind the auto market!
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