Vocabulary

  • peel back: To gradually reveal or uncover something by removing layers or obstacles.
  • figure out: To understand the behavior of someone
  • get at: To criticize someone, often personally
  • off the hook: Released from an obligation or responsibility.
  • tip the scales: To decisively influence a balance or decision.
  • the leading cause: The most significant or primary reason for something.
  • going on: To continue doing something
  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
  • vibe with: To feel a strong connection or compatibility with someone or something.
  • in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
  • evidence of: Facts, objects, or signs that make you believe that something is true.
  • pay up: To pay money that you owe
  • to do with: To be about something; concern
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • in public: In a place where anyone can see or hear you.
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • take away from: To reduce the positive effect or value of something.
  • at best: Under the most optimistic or favorable circumstances; the most that can be hoped for.
  • at worst: If the most unfavorable outcome happens.
  • in mind: Being aware of or considering something.
  • look to: Be looking to. be planning to (do something)
  • on the table: Located on the surface of a table.
  • whole point: The main purpose or most important aspect of something.
  • scheduled for: To be planned or arranged for a specific time.
  • over time: Gradually; as time passes.
  • wrap up: To complete something, such as a film or project
  • made with: Containing a particular ingredient or material.
  • stuff: Generic description for things, materials, objects
  • episode: One separate event in a series of events
  • individual: Single person, looked at separately from others
  • process: To organize and use data in a computer
  • controversial: Causing a great deal of argument, or conflict
  • evidence: Factual proof that helps to establish the truth
  • journey: Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
  • common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
  • skeptical: Doubting that something is true/probable/useful
  • general: Widespread, normal or usual
  • doubt: Not being sure of something; lack of certainty
  • develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
  • claim: To say that something is true, often without proof.
  • opinion: Court judge's statement why a decision was made
  • research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
  • narrative: The telling of a story
  • industry: Hard work; being busy working
  • pile: Large amount of something
  • issue: To make something available to be used or sold
  • resist: To not be affected by e.g. a force or an effect
  • consensus: A decision that is shared by most of a group
  • settle: To make (a child, etc.) feel calm/ready for sleep
  • attention: Taking notice of someone or something
  • rigorous: Very strict and often difficult; thorough
  • challenge: An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
  • scientific: Concerning academic study of the physical world
  • controversy: Strong public disagreement about something
  • rewind: To make something go backwards
  • accept: To agree to receive or take something offered
  • argument: Discussion in which you disagree with someone
  • mind: To be bothered or upset by something
  • exhibit: Object put on public display, e.g. in a gallery
  • expose: To make visible, without covering or protection
  • company: Good feeling from being with someone else
  • addictive: Being powerless to stop doing or using something
  • single: One run in cricket or a hit baseball
  • skepticism: Doubting that something is true/probable/useful
  • curtain: Piece of cloth used to cover a window
  • information: Collection of facts and details about something
  • crash: To damage an object by causing it to hit something
  • public: Owned by the government
  • mate: A friend who you work, live, or go to school with
  • entice: To attract someone by appealing to hope or desire
  • ban: To make something illegal or not allowed
  • wrong: Action that is harmful, unjust or illegal
  • surgeon: A doctor who performs surgery
  • product: Item that can be bought
  • tobacco: Cigars and cigarettes
  • cigarette: White paper tube filled with tobacco
  • lung: One of the two organs we use to breathe
  • sage: Someone who is very wise
  • arduous: Requiring a lot of effort; difficult and tiring
  • nugget: Small, solid lump (of gold, chicken, wisdom etc.)
  • mesh: Crisscrossed wires to allow air/liquid through
  • flu: Illness causing headache, fever etc.
  • pebble: Small, smooth stone, as found on a beach
  • tortoise: Slow moving animal with a hard protective shell
  • tar: Black oily substance used to make roads
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • addictive

      US /əˈdɪktɪv/

      UK /əˈdɪktɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Being powerless to stop doing or using something
      B1
      More
    • arduous

      US /ˈɑ:rdʒuəs/

      UK /ˈɑ:djuəs/

      • Adjective
      • Requiring a lot of effort; difficult and tiring
      C1TOEIC
      More
    • argument

      US /ˈɑrɡjəmənt/

      UK /ˈɑ:gjumənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Discussion in which you disagree with someone
      • A presentation of reasons for or against an idea
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • at best

      US /æt bɛst/

      UK /æt best/

      • Phrase
      • Under the most optimistic or favorable circumstances; the most that can be hoped for.
      A1
      More
    • at worst

      US /æt wɚst/

      UK /æt wə:st/

      • Adverb
      • If the most unfavorable outcome happens.
      A1
      More
    • attention

      US /əˈtɛnʃən/

      UK /əˈtenʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Taking notice of someone or something
      • Noun
      • (Soldiers) Standing with straight backs
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • ban

      US /bæn/

      UK /bæn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something illegal or not allowed
      • To prohibit someone from participating in a particular online community or game.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Official action preventing something happening
      • A prohibition from participating in a particular online community or game.
      B1
      More
    • challenge

      US /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

      UK /'tʃælɪndʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
      • Act of formally inviting someone to compete
      • Transitive Verb
      • To formally invite someone to compete at something
      • To question the correctness of something
      A2
      More
    • cigarette

      US /ˈsɪgəret/

      UK /ˌsɪgəˈret/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • White paper tube filled with tobacco
      • The act of smoking a cigarette.
      B1
      More
    • claim

      US /klem/

      UK /kleɪm/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • To say that something is true, often without proof.
      • A statement that something is true.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To demand or ask for something that you believe is rightfully yours.
      • To take or cause the loss of (e.g., a life, property).
      A2
      More
    • consensus

      US /kənˈsɛnsəs/

      UK /kənˈsensəs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A decision that is shared by most of a group
      B1
      More
    • controversial

      US /ˌkɑntrəˈvɚʃəl, -siəl/

      UK /ˌkɔntrəˈvə:ʃəl/

      • Adjective
      • Causing a great deal of argument, or conflict
      B1
      More
    • controversy

      US /ˈkɑntrəˌvɚsi/

      UK /'kɒntrəvɜ:sɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Strong public disagreement about something
      B1
      More
    • curtain

      US /ˈkɚtn/

      UK /'kɜ:tn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Piece of cloth used to cover a window
      • A screen in a theatre that can be raised or lowered
      B1
      More
    • entice

      US /ɛnˈtaɪs/

      UK /ɪn'taɪs/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To attract someone by appealing to hope or desire
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • episode

      US /ˈɛpɪˌsod/

      UK /'epɪsəʊd/

      • Noun
      • One separate event in a series of events
      • Show which is part of a larger story
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • evidence of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Facts, objects, or signs that make you believe that something is true.
      • Something that shows that something else exists or is true.
      A1
      More
    • exhibit

      US /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt, ɛɡ-/

      UK /ɪɡ'zɪbɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Object put on public display, e.g. in a gallery
      • An object or collection of objects on public display in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To show something, such as an emotion
      • To put object on public display, e.g. in a gallery
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • expose

      US /ɪkˈspoʊz/

      UK /ɪk'spəʊz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make visible, without covering or protection
      • To allow light through a cameras lens onto film
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • figure out

      US /ˈfɪɡjɚ aʊt/

      UK /ˈfiɡə aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To understand the behavior of someone
      • To think through logically to find a solution
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To understand or find an answer to something.
      • To find a solution to a problem or understand something.
      A1
      More
    • flu

      US /flu/

      UK /flu:/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness causing headache, fever etc.
      • A specific instance or bout of influenza.
      B2
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • get at

      US /ɡɛt æt/

      UK /ɡet æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To criticize someone, often personally
      • To imply something; hint at
      A1
      More
    • going on

      US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/

      UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      A1
      More
    • in mind

      US /ɪn maɪnd/

      UK /in maind/

      • Phrase
      • Being aware of or considering something.
      • To remember or consider something.
      A2
      More
    • in order to

      US /ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tu/

      UK /in ˈɔ:də tu:/

      • Preposition
      • For the purpose of; with the aim of.
      • Phrase
      • In a specific sequence or arrangement.
      • With the aim of; for the purpose of.
      C1
      More
    • in public

      US /ɪn ˈpʌblɪk/

      UK /in ˈpʌblik/

      • Phrase
      • In a place where anyone can see or hear you.
      • Adjective
      • Relating to the government or the people as a whole.
      B1
      More
    • individual

      US /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl/

      UK /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Single person, looked at separately from others
      • A single thing or item, especially when part of a set or group.
      • Adjective
      • Made for use by one single person
      • Having a distinct manner different from others
      A2
      More
    • instead of

      US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/

      UK /inˈsted ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • When one thing is replaced by another
      • Adverb
      • As a substitute or alternative.
      A1
      More
    • issue

      US /ˈɪʃu/

      UK /'ɪʃu:/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something available to be used or sold
      • To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
      • Single edition of a magazine
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • journey

      US /ˈdʒɚni/

      UK /'dʒɜ:nɪ/

      • Noun
      • Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To travel through a place
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • look to

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • Be looking to. be planning to (do something)
      • To expect someone to do something for you; rely on
      A1
      More
    • lung

      US /lʌŋ/

      UK /lʌŋ/

      • Noun
      • One of the two organs we use to breathe
      B1
      More
    • made with

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Containing a particular ingredient or material.
      • Created or produced using a specific tool, method, or process.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To offer or provide something, often quickly or unexpectedly.
      A1
      More
    • mate

      US /met/

      UK /meɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A friend who you work, live, or go to school with
      • Partner in a (sexual) relationship
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To pair a male and female so they have children
      • To join or fit two things together
      B1
      More
    • mesh

      US /mɛʃ/

      UK /meʃ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Crisscrossed wires to allow air/liquid through
      B2
      More
    • narrative

      US /ˈnærətɪv/

      UK /ˈnærətɪv/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The telling of a story
      • A spoken or written account of connected events; a story.
      • Adjective
      • Presented in the form of a story
      B1
      More
    • nugget

      US /ˈnʌɡɪt/

      UK /ˈnʌgɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Small, solid lump (of gold, chicken, wisdom etc.)
      C1
      More
    • off the hook

      US /ɔf ði hʊk/

      UK /ɔf ðə huk/

      • Adjective
      • Released from an obligation or responsibility.
      • Out of danger or trouble.
      B2
      More
    • on the table

      US /ɑn ði ˈtebəl/

      UK /ɔn ðə ˈteibl/

      • Phrase
      • Located on the surface of a table.
      • Available for consideration or discussion.
      A1
      More
    • opinion

      US /əˈpɪnjən/

      UK /əˈpɪnjən/

      • Noun
      • Court judge's statement why a decision was made
      • A person's thoughts on a topic
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • over time

      US /ˈovɚ taɪm/

      UK /ˈəuvə taim/

      • Phrase
      • Gradually; as time passes.
      • During a long period.
      • Adverb
      • Gradually; as time passes.
      B1
      More
    • pay up

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To pay money that you owe
      A1
      More
    • pebble

      US /ˈpɛbəl/

      UK /'pebl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Small, smooth stone, as found on a beach
      B2
      More
    • peel back

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To gradually reveal or uncover something by removing layers or obstacles.
      A1
      More
    • pile

      US /paɪl/

      UK /paɪl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Large amount of something
      • Group of things one on top of another
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • (E.g. of problems) to increase; get more or worse
      • To place things on top of each other; to heap up.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • process

      US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/

      UK /prə'ses/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To organize and use data in a computer
      • To deal with official forms in the way required
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dealing with official forms in the way required
      • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • research

      US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/

      UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
      • To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
      • A particular area or topic of study.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • resist

      US /rɪˈzɪst/

      UK /rɪ'zɪst/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To not be affected by e.g. a force or an effect
      • To fight or prevent something from happening
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • rewind

      US /riˈwaɪnd/

      UK /ˌri:ˈwaɪnd/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something go backwards
      C1
      More
    • rigorous

      US /ˈrɪɡərəs/

      UK /ˈrɪgərəs/

      • Adjective
      • Very strict and often difficult; thorough
      • Thorough; meticulous; exhaustive.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • sage

      US /sedʒ/

      UK /seɪdʒ/

      • Countable Noun
      • Someone who is very wise
      • Adjective
      • Very wise
      B2
      More
    • scheduled for

      US

      UK

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To be planned or arranged for a specific time.
      A1
      More
    • scientific

      US /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

      UK /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning academic study of the physical world
      • Systematic and precise, following a methodology.
      • Noun
      • Relating to or used in science.
      A2
      More
    • settle

      US /ˈsɛtl/

      UK /'setl/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make (a child, etc.) feel calm/ready for sleep
      • To complete or finalize e.g. a contract or debt
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To become accustomed to a new environment
      • (Of liquids) to move to the bottom of a container
      A2
      More
    • skeptical

      US /'skeptɪkəl/

      UK /'skeptɪkəl/

      • Adjective
      • Doubting that something is true/probable/useful
      C2
      More
    • skepticism

      US /ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm/

      UK /'skeptɪsɪzəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Doubting that something is true/probable/useful
      C2
      More
    • stuff

      US /stʌf/

      UK /stʌf/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Generic description for things, materials, objects
      • Transitive Verb
      • To push material inside something, with force
      B1
      More
    • surgeon

      US /ˈsɜrdʒən/

      UK /'sɜ:dʒən/

      • Countable Noun
      • A doctor who performs surgery
      B2
      More
    • take away from

      US /tek əˈwe frʌm/

      UK /teik əˈwei frɔm/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reduce the positive effect or value of something.
      • To remove or detract from a particular quality or fact.
      A1
      More
    • tar

      US /tɑ:r/

      UK /tɑ:(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Black oily substance used to make roads
      • Sticky substance formed in the lungs from smoking
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cover or treat with a hot thick black liquid
      B2
      More
    • the leading cause

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • The most significant or primary reason for something.
      A1
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • tip the scales

      US /ˈtɪp ðə skeɪlz/

      UK /ˈtip ðə skeilz/

      • other
      • To decisively influence a balance or decision.
      B2
      More
    • to do with

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To be about something; concern
      A1
      More
    • tobacco

      US /təˈbæko/

      UK /tə'bækəʊ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Cigars and cigarettes
      • Plant used to make cigars and cigarettes
      • Adjective
      • Having a brown color similar to that of cured tobacco leaves.
      B1
      More
    • tortoise

      US /ˈtɔ:rtəs/

      UK /ˈtɔ:təs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Slow moving animal with a hard protective shell
      C1
      More
    • vibe with

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To feel a strong connection or compatibility with someone or something.
      More
    • whole point

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • The main purpose or most important aspect of something.
      • The primary reason or objective.
      A2
      More
    • wrap up

      US /ræp ʌp/

      UK /ræp ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To complete something, such as a film or project
      • To finish; bring something to a conclusion
      • Transitive Verb
      • To enclose (something) in paper or soft material.
      B1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    B1US
    #CrashCourse#tobacco#smoking#scientific#cancer#lung cancer

    What Happens When Science Clashes with the Public?: Crash Course Scientific Thinking #7

    0
    Richard VT posted on 2026/03/18
    Ever wonder how some industries create doubt about scientific facts, like with tobacco? This Crash Course video dives into the fascinating clash between science and the public, showing you how manufactured doubt works and why understanding scientific consensus is so important. You'll pick up some advanced vocabulary and get a deeper cultural understanding of how science communication can be tricky!

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