Vocabulary

• on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
• after dark: After the sun has set and night has begun.
• at night: During the night; in the nighttime.
• by now: At the present time or already; before the present.
• down with: Suffering from an illness.
• on fire: Very successful or popular
• wall in: To surround something tightly with walls or barriers.
• in charge: To be responsible for
• sophisticated: Making a good sounding but misleading argument
• present: Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
• realize: To become aware of or understand mentally
• ancient: Very old; having lived a very long time ago
• current: Electricity flowing through wires
• imagine: To think creatively about; form mental picture of
• stare: To look at someone or something for a long time
• shift: To change in position or direction
• field: Area of study, such as physics or biology
• society: A group who meet to share values or interests
• fabric: Cloth or material
• charge: To run quickly toward someone to attack them
• population: Number of people who live in a country, area etc.
• realm: Area ruled by a king or queen
• turmoil: Very confused situation where things are not clear
• lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
• civilization: A highly developed society
• trade: A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
• economy: Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
• hang: To attach a picture, photograph etc. onto a wall
• leave: To go away from; depart
• hack: To illegally access someone else's computer
• smash: Accident involving vehicles
• coast: Land near the sea or ocean
• bend: To become curved or no longer straight
• imperial: Of an empire or an emperor
• proud: Very good; worthy of making one pleased
• system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
• promise: To say you will certainly do something
• dust: To apply a fine powder to, e.g. sugar to a cake
• operate: To control or handle something, such as a machine
• explode: To express an emotion in a sudden and loud way
• build: Your physical shape; physique
• haul: To pull or drag something heavy (e.g. boat)
• replace: To use instead of something else
• middle: Place that is halfway between two things
• wealthy: Having a great quantity of money or property
• protect: To defend someone or something from harm or danger
• porcelain: Shiny, delicate substance used to make dishes
• captain: Title of a senior officer in the military
• invent: To create something such as a story or excuse
• stab: To strike a blow with a knife, as to kill someone
• mistake: Something done wrong/calculated wrong; error
• compass: Device that shows the direction of north
• pearl: Person's name
• gravitational: Concerning the force of gravity
• swarm: Large group of flying insects moving together
• empire: Group of countries controlled by one government
• finally: used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
• emperor: Man who rules an empire
• dynasty: Family that controls a country for a long time
• govern: To officially control land and make policies
• loot: To steal things after riots or disasters
• rooftop: Top of a roof, e.g. of garden on a roof
• cannon: Large wheeled gun that fires heavy metal balls
• sever: To cut off
• gunpowder: Chemical used in fireworks, to fire cannon, etc.
• confederation: Union of political organizations