Vocabulary

  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • with age: As someone gets older; as time passes.
  • slow down: To reduce the speed
  • over time: Gradually; as time passes.
  • have to: Must do
  • in the first place: To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
  • with time: As time passes; eventually.
  • wear down: To erode or diminish something gradually through constant use or exposure.
  • stuff: Generic description for things, materials, objects
  • mindset: Way someone things about something
  • mental: Concerning the mind
  • physical: Health check at the doctors' or hospital
  • vocabulary: Words that have to do with a particular subject
  • dopamine: Drug used to treat shock and hypotension
  • cortex: The outer part of an organ/structure, e.g. brain
  • curious: Wanting to know more about something
  • emotional: Causing, feeling, or appealing to the emotions
  • reward: To give something because of someone's good work
  • explore: To examine something in detail to learn about it
  • viral: Of or caused by a virus
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • slang: Words or phrases used in a very informal way
  • exercise: To work out to become stronger and healthier
  • affect: To cause a change in something else
  • brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
  • prefrontal: Anterior to a frontal structure
  • upset: (Of stomach, etc.) not functioning well; sick
  • grumpy: Easily annoyed and complaining
  • novelty: Items that are unusual, interesting, or unique
  • plain: Obvious; clearly so, true
  • factor: Something that influences a result
  • chase: Act of going after someone to catch them
  • curiosity: Something unusual and perhaps worthy of collecting
  • communicate: To give and exchange information
  • throw: To use your arm to make something fly in the air
  • cheesy: Being of poor quality or in bad taste; not sincere
  • connection: Something that joins things together; being joined
  • respond: To answer something or someone
  • patient: Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
  • amygdala: Almond-shaped structure in the brain's anterior
  • mind: To be bothered or upset by something
  • social: Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
  • noggin: A human head
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • control: A device designed to operate a machine
  • patience: Ability to wait without being annoyed
  • active: Moving around a lot or doing many things
  • change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • flexibility: The quality of being able to be bent or stretched
  • brute: Man who is extremely violent or mean
  • rewire: To put new electricity cables in (a building)
  • grumble: To be displeased and complain about something
  • triangle: Three people connected with each in a relationship
  • cranberry: Small, dark-red berry used for juice, etc.
  • pie: Baked food with a filling encased in pastry
  • bagel: Glazed yeast-raised doughnut-shaped roll
  • selectivity: Quality of being selective
  • grandma: Mother of your father or mother
  • grandpa: Your mother or father's father
  • jay: Bird with a blue and white pattern on the wing
  • grandparent: Your mother or father's parent
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    • affect

      US /əˈfɛkt/

      UK /ə'fekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a change in something else
      • To pretend to have or feel (something).
      • Noun
      • (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • bagel

      US

      UK

      • Countable Noun
      • Glazed yeast-raised doughnut-shaped roll
      B2
      More
    • brute

      US /brut/

      UK /bru:t/

      • Noun
      • Man who is extremely violent or mean
      B1
      More
    • chase

      US /tʃes/

      UK /tʃeɪs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act of going after someone to catch them
      • Something that one pursues or tries to obtain.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To go after with the intention of catching
      • To try very hard to get something that you want
      A2
      More
    • cheesy

      US /ˈtʃizi/

      UK /'tʃi:zɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Being of poor quality or in bad taste; not sincere
      • Tasting like cheese
      C1
      More
    • communicate

      US /kəˈmjunɪˌket/

      UK /kə'mju:nɪkeɪt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To give and exchange information
      • To convey or make known (information, feelings, etc.)
      A2
      More
    • connection

      US /kəˈnɛkʃən/

      UK /kəˈnekʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Something that joins things together; being joined
      • Person you know who can help you in some way
      A2
      More
    • cortex

      US /ˈkɔrˌteks/

      UK /'kɔ:teks/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The outer part of an organ/structure, e.g. brain
      • The outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex), other organs, or a plant.
      C1
      More
    • cranberry

      US /ˈkrænˌbɛri/

      UK /'krænbərɪ/

      • Countable Noun
      • Small, dark-red berry used for juice, etc.
      C1
      More
    • curiosity

      US /ˌkjʊriˈɑsɪti/

      UK /ˌkjʊərɪ'ɒsətɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Something unusual and perhaps worthy of collecting
      • Eager desire to learn more about something
      B1
      More
    • curious

      US /ˈkjʊriəs/

      UK /ˈkjʊəriəs/

      • Adjective
      • Wanting to know more about something
      • Attracting interest by being strange or unusual
      A2
      More
    • emotional

      US /ɪˈmoʃənəl/

      UK /ɪˈməʊʃənl/

      • Adjective
      • Causing, feeling, or appealing to the emotions
      • Relating to or characterized by emotion
      A2
      More
    • exercise

      US /ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz/

      UK /'eksəsaɪz/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To work out to become stronger and healthier
      • To retain your ability or practice your skills
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Physical activity to increase health and strength
      • Set of questions in a text book
      A2
      More
    • explore

      US /ɪkˈsplɔr/

      UK /ɪk'splɔ:(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To examine something in detail to learn about it
      • To travel to a place to discover more about it
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • factor

      US /ˈfæktɚ/

      UK /'fæktə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Something that influences a result
      • Transitive Verb
      • To consider or include in an estimate or judgment
      • To find the two numbers a number can be divided by
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • flexibility

      US

      UK

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The quality of being able to be bent or stretched
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • grandma

      US /ˈɡrændˌmɑ,/

      UK /ˈgrænmɑ:/

      • Noun
      • Mother of your father or mother
      B2
      More
    • grandpa

      US /ˈɡrændˌpɑ, ˈɡræn-, ˈɡræmˌpɑ, ˈɡræmpə/

      UK /ˈgrænpɑ:/

      • Countable Noun
      • Your mother or father's father
      B2
      More
    • grandparent

      US /ˈɡrændˌpɛrənt, -ˌpær-, ˈɡræn-/

      UK /ˈgrænpeərənt/

      • Noun
      • Your mother or father's parent
      B2
      More
    • grumble

      US /ˈɡrʌmbəl/

      UK /'ɡrʌmbl/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To be displeased and complain about something
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • grumpy

      US /ˈɡrʌmpi/

      UK /'ɡrʌmpɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Easily annoyed and complaining
      C1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • in the first place

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
      • From the beginning; initially.
      A1
      More
    • jay

      US /dʒe/

      UK /dʒeɪ/

      • Noun
      • Bird with a blue and white pattern on the wing
      B1
      More
    • mental

      US /ˈmɛntl/

      UK /ˈmentl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the mind
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • novelty

      US /ˈnɑ:vlti/

      UK /ˈnɒvlti/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Items that are unusual, interesting, or unique
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • over time

      US /ˈovɚ taɪm/

      UK /ˈəuvə taim/

      • Phrase
      • Gradually; as time passes.
      • During a long period.
      • Adverb
      • Gradually; as time passes.
      B1
      More
    • patience

      US /ˈpeʃəns/

      UK /ˈpeɪʃns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Ability to wait without being annoyed
      • Perseverance; the ability to continue doing something despite difficulties.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • patient

      US /ˈpeʃənt/

      UK /'peɪʃnt/

      • Adjective
      • Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
      • Bearing or enduring pain or trials without complaint; exhibiting forbearance.
      • Countable Noun
      • Person who receives medical treatment or care
      A2
      More
    • physical

      US /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

      UK /ˈfɪzɪkl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Health check at the doctors' or hospital
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the body of a person
      • Concerning things that can be seen or touched
      A2
      More
    • pie

      US /paɪ/

      UK /paɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Baked food with a filling encased in pastry
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • respond

      US /rɪˈspɑnd/

      UK /rɪ'spɒnd/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To answer something or someone
      • To have a good reaction to e.g. medical treatment
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • reward

      US /rɪˈwɔrd/

      UK /rɪ'wɔ:d/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give something because of someone's good work
      • To give someone money for helping the police
      • Noun
      • Money given for information about criminals
      • Something given in recognition of service, effort, or achievement.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • rewire

      US /riˈwaɪr/

      UK /ˌri:'waɪə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To put new electricity cables in (a building)
      B1
      More
    • selectivity

      US /sɪˌlɛkˈtɪvɪti, ˌsilɛk-/

      UK /səˌlek'tɪvətɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Quality of being selective
      B1
      More
    • slang

      US /slæŋ/

      UK /slæŋ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Words or phrases used in a very informal way
      B1
      More
    • slow down

      US /slo daʊn/

      UK /sləu daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reduce the speed
      • To become less active or busy.
      A1
      More
    • stuff

      US /stʌf/

      UK /stʌf/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Generic description for things, materials, objects
      • Transitive Verb
      • To push material inside something, with force
      B1
      More
    • triangle

      US /ˈtraɪˌæŋɡəl/

      UK /ˈtraɪæŋgl/

      • Noun
      • Three people connected with each in a relationship
      • A three-sided piece of metal used in orchestras
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • upset

      US /ʌpˈsɛt/

      UK /ʌpˈset/

      • Adjective
      • (Of stomach, etc.) not functioning well; sick
      • Troubled, worried, or angry
      • Transitive Verb
      • To turn upside down or on its side
      • To trouble, worry, or anger someone
      A2
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
    • viral

      US /ˈvaɪrəl/

      UK /ˈvaɪrəl/

      • Adjective
      • Of or caused by a virus
      • Becoming very popular by circulating quickly from person to person, especially through the Internet.
      B2
      More
    • vocabulary

      US /voˈkæbjəˌlɛri/

      UK /və'kæbjələrɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Words that have to do with a particular subject
      • The words that a person knows
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • wear down

      US /wɛr daʊn/

      UK /wɛə daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To erode or diminish something gradually through constant use or exposure.
      • To gradually weaken or exhaust someone, either physically or emotionally.
      A2
      More
    • with age

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As someone gets older; as time passes.
      • Improving in quality or value as it gets older.
      A1
      More
    • with time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As time passes; eventually.
      • Given enough time; in the course of time.
      A1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #brain#older#age#blocko#prefrontal#prefrontal cortex

    Do We Get MEANER With Age? 😡 What Aging Really Does to Your Brain.

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2025/11/17
    Ever wonder if people really do get grumpier as they age? This video dives into the science behind aging brains, exploring topics like neuroplasticity and dopamine to explain why some older adults might seem meaner. You'll pick up some advanced vocabulary while learning fascinating facts about how our brains change over time!

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