Vocabulary

  • instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • in school: Attending an educational institution.
  • boil down: To reduce in volume by boiling; to concentrate.
  • in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
  • from now on: Starting at this moment and continuing indefinitely into the future.
  • grow up: To develop from a child into an adult
  • know about: To have information or understanding of a subject or situation.
  • once and for all: Completely and finally; decisively.
  • set out: To arrange something in an orderly fashion
  • talk on: To talk at length about a particular subject.
  • shoot the messenger: To blame the bearer of bad news unfairly.
  • out there: In or to a place that is far away
  • light up: To illuminate something; to make something brighter with light.
  • based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • in part: To some extent; partially.
  • dig into: To start eating food enthusiastically.
  • process: To organize and use data in a computer
  • essential: Extremely or most important and necessary
  • insane: Mentally ill; crazy
  • cortex: The outer part of an organ/structure, e.g. brain
  • distinct: Clearly different in nature from something else
  • fear: Unpleasant feeling caused by being aware of danger
  • express: To send something by fast mail
  • emotional: Causing, feeling, or appealing to the emotions
  • research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
  • compassionate: Feeling sympathy for people who are suffering
  • flaw: Quality that makes something imperfect
  • myth: Popular belief that is false, unsupported by fact
  • brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
  • prefrontal: Anterior to a frontal structure
  • essence: Most important part or quality of something
  • consciousness: Process by which thoughts, ideas are processed
  • distinguish: To make something clearly different from others
  • emphasis: Special attention, importance, or force
  • examine: (Medical) to test to find out what is wrong
  • argument: Discussion in which you disagree with someone
  • shame: Feeling of guilt because you did something wrong
  • major: High-ranking officer in the army
  • criticize: To assess the work of others
  • mammal: Animal which drinks milk from its mother
  • nurture: Care and support given to people as they develop
  • culture: Beliefs and customs of a particular group
  • communication: Talking to people; giving information to people
  • junk: Something that is old, useless, or has no value
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • emotion: A feeling such as sadness, anger or love
  • science: Study of the physical world, based on facts
  • kind: In a caring and helpful manner
  • learn: To get knowledge or skills by study or experience
  • promise: To say you will certainly do something
  • empathetic: Exhibiting deep emotional understanding
  • natural: Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
  • basic: At the most important or easiest (beginner) level
  • neuroscience: Scientific study of the nervous system
  • reptile: Animals such as snakes, lizards
  • question: To ask for or try to get information
  • difficult: Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it
  • deep: Complex and important
  • part: Division of a book
  • disgust: Strong feeling of dislike for something
  • embed: To place or set inside rock, etc.
  • scientifically: In an manner that follows the rules of science
  • beholder: Person who is looking
  • lab: Short for 'laboratory'
  • statistically: With respect to statistics
  • woo: (Of a man) to try to get a woman to marry him
  • academia: Academic world; universities and their staff
  • messenger: Someone who delivers things, e.g. by motor bike
  • phd: Advanced university degree; Doctor of Philosophy
  • usable: Able to be used; good enough to use
  • nonviolent: Deciding to not use physical force
  • otaku: Geek; a person who follows a hobby very intensely
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • academia

      US /ˌækəˈdimiə/

      UK /ˌækəˈdi:miə/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Academic world; universities and their staff
      • The environment or culture of universities and colleges, characterized by intellectual pursuits.
      B2
      More
    • argument

      US /ˈɑrɡjəmənt/

      UK /ˈɑ:gjumənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Discussion in which you disagree with someone
      • A presentation of reasons for or against an idea
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • based on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
      • Preposition
      • Using something as the main idea or foundation.
      • Relying on something as evidence or justification.
      A1
      More
    • beholder

      US /bɪˈhoʊldə(r)/

      UK /bɪˈhəʊldə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • Person who is looking
      B2
      More
    • boil down

      US /bɔɪl daʊn/

      UK /bɔil daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reduce in volume by boiling; to concentrate.
      • To be summarized or reduced to the essentials.
      A2
      More
    • communication

      US /kəˌmjunɪˈkeʃən/

      UK /kəˌmju:nɪ'keɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Talking to people; giving information to people
      • The process of conveying information, ideas, or feelings through language or other means.
      A2
      More
    • compassionate

      US /kəmˈpæʃənɪt/

      UK /kəm'pæʃənət/

      • Adjective
      • Feeling sympathy for people who are suffering
      • Relating to the humane treatment and care of others, especially in healthcare.
      B2
      More
    • consciousness

      US /ˈkɑnʃəsnɪs/

      UK /'kɒnʃəsnəs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Process by which thoughts, ideas are processed
      • A person's awareness or perception of something.
      A2
      More
    • cortex

      US /ˈkɔrˌteks/

      UK /'kɔ:teks/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The outer part of an organ/structure, e.g. brain
      • The outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex), other organs, or a plant.
      C1
      More
    • criticize

      US /ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz/

      UK /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To assess the work of others
      • To say that someone or something is bad
      B1
      More
    • culture

      US /ˈkʌltʃɚ/

      UK /'kʌltʃə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Beliefs and customs of a particular group
      • The customs, beliefs, art, and all the other things that a group of people share and consider important.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To grow cells, tissues, bacteria, etc. in a controlled environment.
      A2
      More
    • dig into

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To start eating food enthusiastically.
      • To investigate or research something thoroughly.
      B1
      More
    • disgust

      US /dɪsˈɡʌst/

      UK /dɪs'ɡʌst/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Strong feeling of dislike for something
      • Something that causes a feeling of revulsion or strong disapproval.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a strong negative reaction or feeling
      B2
      More
    • distinct

      US /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

      UK /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

      • Adjective
      • Clearly different in nature from something else
      • Clearly noticeable; easily perceived.
      A2
      More
    • distinguish

      US /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

      UK /dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something clearly different from others
      • To make noticeable or different; to set apart.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • embed

      US /ɛmˈbɛd/

      UK /ɪm'bed/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To place or set inside rock, etc.
      • To integrate (something) into something else.
      B2
      More
    • emotion

      US /ɪˈmoʃən/

      UK /iˈməuʃən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A feeling such as sadness, anger or love
      • A mental state that arises spontaneously rather than through conscious effort
      A2
      More
    • emotional

      US /ɪˈmoʃənəl/

      UK /ɪˈməʊʃənl/

      • Adjective
      • Causing, feeling, or appealing to the emotions
      • Relating to or characterized by emotion
      A2
      More
    • empathetic

      US /empə'θetɪk/

      UK /empə'θetɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Exhibiting deep emotional understanding
      B2
      More
    • emphasis

      US /ˈɛmfəsɪs/

      UK /ˈemfəsɪs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Special attention, importance, or force
      • Stress placed on part of a word or phrase
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • essence

      US /ˈɛsəns/

      UK /'esns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Most important part or quality of something
      • Substance that has a very strong, unique smell
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • essential

      US /ɪˈsɛnʃəl/

      UK /ɪ'senʃl/

      • Adjective
      • Extremely or most important and necessary
      • Fundamental; basic.
      • Noun
      • A concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • examine

      US /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

      UK /ɪgˈzæmɪn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • (Medical) to test to find out what is wrong
      • To test your knowledge or ability
      A2
      More
    • flaw

      US /flɔ/

      UK /flɔ:/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Quality that makes something imperfect
      • A weakness or undesirable quality.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To impair, damage, or spoil.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • from now on

      US /frʌm naʊ ɑn/

      UK /frɔm nau ɔn/

      • Phrase
      • Starting at this moment and continuing indefinitely into the future.
      A1
      More
    • grow up

      US /ɡro ʌp/

      UK /ɡrəu ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To develop from a child into an adult
      A1
      More
    • in part

      US /ɪn pɑrt/

      UK /in pɑ:t/

      • Adverb
      • To some extent; partially.
      A1
      More
    • in school

      US /ɪn skul/

      UK /ɪn sku:l/

      • other
      • Attending an educational institution.
      A1
      More
    • in the world

      US /ɪn ði wɜrld/

      UK /in ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
      • Used to indicate the extent or degree of something, often in a superlative sense
      A1
      More
    • insane

      US /ɪnˈsen/

      UK /ɪnˈseɪn/

      • Adjective
      • Mentally ill; crazy
      • Being crazy or stupid
      B2
      More
    • instead of

      US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/

      UK /inˈsted ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • When one thing is replaced by another
      • Adverb
      • As a substitute or alternative.
      A1
      More
    • junk

      US /dʒʌŋk/

      UK /dʒʌŋk/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Something that is old, useless, or has no value
      • Transitive Verb
      • To get rid of something because it has no value
      B1
      More
    • know about

      US /noʊ əˈbaʊt/

      UK /nəʊ əˈbaut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have information or understanding of a subject or situation.
      More
    • lab

      US /læb/

      UK /læb/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Short for 'laboratory'
      B1
      More
    • light up

      US /laɪt ʌp/

      UK /lait ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To illuminate something; to make something brighter with light.
      • To ignite a cigarette, cigar, or pipe for smoking.
      A1
      More
    • major

      US /ˈmedʒɚ/

      UK /'meɪdʒə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • High-ranking officer in the army
      • Main subject you study at university
      • Adjective
      • Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
      • Important, serious, or large in scope, size
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • mammal

      US /ˈmæməl/

      UK /'mæml/

      • Noun
      • Animal which drinks milk from its mother
      B1
      More
    • messenger

      US /ˈmɛsəndʒɚ/

      UK /ˈmesɪndʒə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Someone who delivers things, e.g. by motor bike
      • A program or application used for sending instant messages.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • myth

      US /mɪθ/

      UK /mɪθ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Popular belief that is false, unsupported by fact
      • Famous story dealing with origins of a culture
      B1
      More
    • nonviolent

      US /ˌnɑnˈvaɪələnt/

      UK /ˌnɒn'vaɪələnt/

      • Adjective
      • Deciding to not use physical force
      B1
      More
    • nurture

      US /ˈnɜ:rtʃə(r)/

      UK /ˈnɜ:tʃə(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Care and support given to people as they develop
      • Transitive Verb
      • To help something or someone to grow or succeed
      • To help something or someone to grow or succeed
      B1
      More
    • once and for all

      US /wʌns ənd fɔr ɔl/

      UK /wʌns ænd fɔ: ɔ:l/

      • Phrase
      • Completely and finally; decisively.
      • In a definitive and conclusive manner.
      A2
      More
    • otaku

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • Geek; a person who follows a hobby very intensely
      C2
      More
    • out there

      US /aʊt ðɛr/

      UK /aut ðɛə/

      • Adverb
      • In or to a place that is far away
      • Existing in the universe
      • Adjective
      • Unconventional; strange; avant-garde
      • Existing or available.
      A1
      More
    • phd

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • Advanced university degree; Doctor of Philosophy
      C2
      More
    • process

      US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/

      UK /prə'ses/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To organize and use data in a computer
      • To deal with official forms in the way required
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dealing with official forms in the way required
      • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • reptile

      US /ˈrɛptɪl, -ˌtaɪl/

      UK /ˈreptaɪl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Animals such as snakes, lizards
      B1
      More
    • research

      US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/

      UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
      • To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
      • A particular area or topic of study.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • science

      US /ˈsaɪəns/

      UK /'saɪəns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Study of the physical world, based on facts
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • scientifically

      US /ˌsaɪən'tɪfɪklɪ/

      UK /ˌsaɪən'tɪfɪklɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In an manner that follows the rules of science
      B1
      More
    • set out

      US /sɛt aʊt/

      UK /set aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To arrange something in an orderly fashion
      • To give in detail in writing
      A1
      More
    • shame

      US /ʃem/

      UK /ʃeɪm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Feeling of guilt because you did something wrong
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make someone feel ashamed
      A2
      More
    • shoot the messenger

      US /ʃut ðə ˈmɛsɪndʒɚ/

      UK /ʃu:t ðə ˈmesɪndʒə/

      • other
      • To blame the bearer of bad news unfairly.
      B2
      More
    • statistically

      US /stə'tɪstɪklɪ/

      UK /stə'tɪstɪklɪ/

      • Adverb
      • With respect to statistics
      B1
      More
    • talk on

      US /tɔk ɑn/

      UK /tɔ:k ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To talk at length about a particular subject.
      • To scold or lecture someone at length.
      A1
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • usable

      US /ˈjuzəbəl/

      UK /ˈju:zəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Able to be used; good enough to use
      B1
      More
    • woo

      US /wu/

      UK /wu:/

      • Transitive Verb
      • (Of a man) to try to get a woman to marry him
      • To attempt to persuade to do something
      C2TOEIC
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #brain#published#emotion#nonviolent#feldman#sadness

    How Emotions Are Made: The Theory of Constructed Emotion

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2025/06/17
    Ever wondered if your emotions are truly your own? Dive into Lisa Feldman Barrett's groundbreaking 'Theory of Constructed Emotion' and discover how our feelings are actually made! You'll pick up advanced vocabulary and gain a deeper cultural understanding of emotional expression, all while enjoying a lively book club discussion.

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