Vocabulary

  • lead to: To result in some action
  • deal with
  • on the spot: Immediately; at that location.
  • in the past: During a former period of time; previously.
  • shut down: To close an operating system, e.g. on a computer
  • for someone: On behalf of or intended for a particular person.
  • stay in: To remain inside one's home.
  • in detail: Thoroughly and completely; giving full particulars.
  • plan out: To think about and decide on the details of something you want to do in the future.
  • do in: To make completely tired out and exhausted
  • look over: To check something to see it works well; inspect
  • arrive at: To reach a place, especially at the end of a journey.
  • cope with: To deal successfully with a difficult situation.
  • interact with
  • coping mechanism: A psychological strategy used to manage stress or emotional distress.
  • in the first place: To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
  • on to: Toward something; forward
  • made to be: Destined or intended for a particular purpose or relationship.
  • at fault: Responsible for something negative or undesirable; deserving blame.
  • come back: To reply to someone, often forcefully
  • in different ways: Using various methods or approaches; with variety.
  • with it: Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
  • work through: To deal with something systematically until it is completed
  • constantly: Frequently, or without pause
  • mental: Concerning the mind
  • trigger: Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
  • metabolism: Chemical processes to convert food to energy
  • physical: Health check at the doctors' or hospital
  • profound: Requiring deep thought; difficult to understand
  • trauma: A very severe or upsetting experience
  • experience: Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • negative: The opposite to a positive electrical charge
  • common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
  • spectrum: The wavelengths of colors from red to violet
  • cortex: The outer part of an organ/structure, e.g. brain
  • manifest: List of cargo on a ship
  • spot: A certain place or area
  • traumatic: Causing upsetting emotional effects over time
  • emotional: Causing, feeling, or appealing to the emotions
  • unique: Unlike other things; being the only one like it
  • substance: Essence of; most basic or central qualities
  • stress: To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
  • chaotic: Utterly confused
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • mimic: Someone who tries to act like another person
  • prevent: To stop something from happening or existing
  • drain: Hole or pipe that water, waste etc. flows into
  • cope: To deal with something in spite of difficulties
  • affect: To cause a change in something else
  • avoid: To prevent from happening
  • abuse: To mistreat or be cruel towards someone
  • mechanism: Part of a machine that performs a certain function
  • escape: Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
  • deal: To cope with something - usually troubles
  • state: Region within a country, with its own government
  • similar: Nearly the same; alike
  • behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
  • explain: To make clear or easy to understand by describing
  • journal: A diary; record of what you do every day
  • scent: To become aware of the presence of a smell, etc.
  • neuron: A nerve cell
  • lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
  • neurological: Concerning, used in or practicing neurology
  • unexpected: Surprising because it was not expected
  • amygdala: Almond-shaped structure in the brain's anterior
  • social: Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
  • neurotransmitter: Chemical released by nerves that boost signals within the body
  • notice: To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing
  • diagnose: To determine the cause of an illness or problem
  • place: To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • anterior: Front
  • control: A device designed to operate a machine
  • detach: To send away a military unit on a special mission
  • humiliate: To cause to lose pride, self-respect, or dignity
  • violate: To abuse, damage or disrespect
  • compulsory: Required by the rules; that you cannot avoid doing
  • fuse: Device connected to and making a bomb explode
  • excessively: In a manner more than is necessary; too much
  • uncomfortable: Not being relaxed; worried about something
  • psychotherapist: Therapist treating mental and emotional disorders
  • unable: Not being able to do something
  • psych: (Of an upcoming event) to cause excitement in
  • cingulate: An adjective of a girdlelike marking or structure, such as a band or ridge, on an animal.
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    • abuse

      US /əˈbjuz/

      UK /ə'bju:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To mistreat or be cruel towards someone
      • To use in an inappropriate or excessive way
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Improper/dishonest/excessive use of something
      • Insulting someone, e.g. by swearing at them
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • affect

      US /əˈfɛkt/

      UK /ə'fekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a change in something else
      • To pretend to have or feel (something).
      • Noun
      • (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • anterior

      US /ænˈtɪriɚ/

      UK /ænˈtɪəriə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Front
      C1
      More
    • arrive at

      US /əˈraɪv æt/

      UK /əˈraiv æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reach a place, especially at the end of a journey.
      • To reach a conclusion or decision after thinking about something.
      A2
      More
    • at fault

      US /æt fɔlt/

      UK /æt fɔ:lt/

      • Adjective
      • Responsible for something negative or undesirable; deserving blame.
      • Phrase
      • Culpable; deserving of blame or censure.
      A1
      More
    • avoid

      US /əˈvɔɪd/

      UK /ə'vɔɪd/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To prevent from happening
      • To stay away from
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • chaotic

      US /keɪˈɒtɪk/

      UK /keɪ'ɒtɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Utterly confused
      B1
      More
    • cingulate

      US /'sɪŋgjəleɪt/

      UK /'sɪŋgjəleɪt/

      • Adjective
      • An adjective of a girdlelike marking or structure, such as a band or ridge, on an animal.
      • Relating to or resembling a girdle or encircling band.
      • Noun
      • cingulate cortex
      • The cingulate gyrus, a band of cerebral cortex.
      C2
      More
    • come back

      US /kʌm bæk/

      UK /kʌm bæk/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reply to someone, often forcefully
      • To be remembered
      A1
      More
    • compulsory

      US /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

      UK /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

      • Adjective
      • Required by the rules; that you cannot avoid doing
      B2
      More
    • constantly

      US /ˈkɑnstəntlɪ/

      UK /ˈkɒnstəntli/

      • Adverb
      • Frequently, or without pause
      • In a way that is unchanging or faithful
      B1
      More
    • cope

      US /koʊp/

      UK /kəʊp/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To deal with something in spite of difficulties
      A2
      More
    • cope with

      US /kop wɪð/

      UK /kəup wið/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To deal successfully with a difficult situation.
      A1
      More
    • coping mechanism

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • A psychological strategy used to manage stress or emotional distress.
      B2
      More
    • cortex

      US /ˈkɔrˌteks/

      UK /'kɔ:teks/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The outer part of an organ/structure, e.g. brain
      • The outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex), other organs, or a plant.
      C1
      More
    • deal with

      US /dil wɪð/

      UK /di:l wið/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To buy or sell goods or services.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To take action to solve a problem or manage a situation.
      • To be about; concern.
      A1
      More
    • detach

      US /dɪˈtætʃ/

      UK /dɪˈtætʃ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To send away a military unit on a special mission
      • To separate something from something larger
      B1
      More
    • diagnose

      US /ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊs/

      UK /ˈdaɪəgnəʊz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To determine the cause of an illness or problem
      B1
      More
    • do in

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To make completely tired out and exhausted
      • To destroy or cause damage to someone
      A1
      More
    • drain

      US /dren/

      UK /dreɪn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Hole or pipe that water, waste etc. flows into
      • Something that depletes resources or energy.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To empty or remove liquid from
      • To use up the energy/ money/power of something
      B1
      More
    • emotional

      US /ɪˈmoʃənəl/

      UK /ɪˈməʊʃənl/

      • Adjective
      • Causing, feeling, or appealing to the emotions
      • Relating to or characterized by emotion
      A2
      More
    • escape

      US /ɪˈskep/

      UK /ɪ'skeɪp/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
      • The 'esc key' on a keyboard
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To avoid something undesirable, dangerous or bad
      • To get away from a place where you are being kept
      A2
      More
    • excessively

      US /ɪkˈsɛsɪvlɪ/

      UK /ɪk'sesɪvlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In a manner more than is necessary; too much
      B2
      More
    • for someone

      US /fɚ ˈsʌmwʌn/

      UK /fə ˈsʌmwʌn/

      • other
      • On behalf of or intended for a particular person.
      A1
      More
    • fuse

      US /fjuz/

      UK /fju:z/

      • Noun
      • Device connected to and making a bomb explode
      • Electrical safety device
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • (Metal) to become one through heat contact
      • To become combined; unite.
      B2
      More
    • humiliate

      US /hjuˈmɪliˌet/

      UK /hju:ˈmɪlieɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause to lose pride, self-respect, or dignity
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • impact

      US /ˈɪmˌpækt/

      UK /'ɪmpækt/

      • Noun
      • A striking effect or result to hit with force
      • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To hit or strike someone or something with force
      • To have a strong effect on someone or something.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • in detail

      US /ɪn dɪˈtel/

      UK /in ˈdi:teil/

      • Phrase
      • Thoroughly and completely; giving full particulars.
      A2
      More
    • in different ways

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Using various methods or approaches; with variety.
      • In varying manners or styles; not uniformly.
      A1
      More
    • in the first place

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
      • From the beginning; initially.
      A1
      More
    • in the past

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • During a former period of time; previously.
      A1
      More
    • interact with

      US /ˌɪntɚˈækt wɪð/

      UK /ˌɪntərˈækt wið/

      • Phrase
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To engage in communication or action involving mutual or reciprocal influence.
      • To use a computer interface to achieve a specific goal.
      A2
      More
    • journal

      US /ˈdʒɚnəl/

      UK /ˈdʒə:nl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A diary; record of what you do every day
      • Magazine of academic papers
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • lead to

      US /lid tu/

      UK /li:d tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To result in some action
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have something as a consequence or result.
      A1
      More
    • look over

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To check something to see it works well; inspect
      • To examine or inspect something quickly.
      A1
      More
    • made to be

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Destined or intended for a particular purpose or relationship.
      • Designed or constructed with a specific quality or characteristic.
      More
    • manifest

      US /ˈmænəˌfɛst/

      UK /'mænɪfest/

      • Countable Noun
      • List of cargo on a ship
      • Transitive Verb
      • To express or show clearly
      • Display or show (a quality or feeling) by one's acts or appearance; demonstrate.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • mechanism

      US /ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/

      UK /'mekənɪzəm/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Part of a machine that performs a certain function
      • System or process for achieving a certain result
      B1
      More
    • mental

      US /ˈmɛntl/

      UK /ˈmentl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the mind
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • metabolism

      US /mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm/

      UK /məˈtæbəlɪzəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical processes to convert food to energy
      • The rate at which the body uses energy.
      B2
      More
    • mimic

      US /ˈmɪmɪk/

      UK /'mɪmɪk/

      • Countable Noun
      • Someone who tries to act like another person
      • Transitive Verb
      • To copy a person's words/actions to amuse people
      B2
      More
    • negative

      US /ˈnɛɡətɪv/

      UK /'neɡətɪv/

      • Noun
      • The opposite to a positive electrical charge
      • In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
      • Adjective
      • Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
      • In mathematics, being less than zero
      A2
      More
    • neurological

      US /ˌnjʊrəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/

      UK /ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning, used in or practicing neurology
      B2
      More
    • neuron

      US /ˈnʊrˌɑn, ˈnjʊr-/

      UK /ˈnʊərˌɔn, ˈnjʊər-/

      • Noun
      • A nerve cell
      B2
      More
    • on the spot

      US /ɑn ði spɑt/

      UK /ɔn ðə spɔt/

      • Phrase
      • Immediately; at that location.
      • Present and ready for action or responsibility.
      A1
      More
    • on to

      US /ɑn tu/

      UK /ɔn tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Toward something; forward
      • Aware of someone's activities.
      • Adjective
      • Aware of someone's deception or illegal activities.
      A1
      More
    • physical

      US /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

      UK /ˈfɪzɪkl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Health check at the doctors' or hospital
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the body of a person
      • Concerning things that can be seen or touched
      A2
      More
    • plan out

      US /plæn aʊt/

      UK /plæn aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To think about and decide on the details of something you want to do in the future.
      A1
      More
    • prevent

      US /prɪˈvɛnt/

      UK /prɪ'vent/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To stop something from happening or existing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • profound

      US /prəˈfaʊnd, pro-/

      UK /prə'faʊnd/

      • Adjective
      • Requiring deep thought; difficult to understand
      • Showing a lot of deep thought or understanding
      B1
      More
    • psych

      US /saɪk/

      UK /saɪk/

      • Transitive Verb
      • (Of an upcoming event) to cause excitement in
      C2
      More
    • psychotherapist

      US /ˌsaɪkoʊ'θerəpɪst/

      UK /ˌsaɪkəʊ'θerəpɪst/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Therapist treating mental and emotional disorders
      C1
      More
    • scent

      US /sɛnt/

      UK /sent/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To become aware of the presence of a smell, etc.
      • To add smell to something
      • Noun
      • Pleasant smell, as of flowers or perfume
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • shut down

      US /ʃʌt daʊn/

      UK /ʃʌt daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To close an operating system, e.g. on a computer
      • To stop a factory/machine from operating
      • Transitive Verb
      • To deactivate a nuclear reactor.
      • To turn off a computer or other electronic device.
      A2
      More
    • spectrum

      US /ˈspɛktrəm/

      UK /'spektrəm/

      • Noun
      • The wavelengths of colors from red to violet
      • a range of different positions, opinions, etc. between two extreme points
      B1
      More
    • spot

      US /spɑt/

      UK /spɒt/

      • Noun
      • A certain place or area
      • A difficult time; awkward situation
      • Transitive Verb
      • To see someone or something by chance
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • stay in

      US /ste ɪn/

      UK /stei in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To remain inside one's home.
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To remain as an inpatient in a hospital.
      More
    • stress

      US / strɛs/

      UK /stres/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
      • To put pressure on something or someone
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Emphasis on part of a word or sentence
      • Pressure on something or someone
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • substance

      US /ˈsʌbstəns/

      UK /'sʌbstəns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Essence of; most basic or central qualities
      • Particular type of material
      A2
      More
    • trauma

      US /ˈtraʊmə/

      UK /'trɔ:mə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A very severe or upsetting experience
      • Serious injury to part of the body
      B2
      More
    • traumatic

      US /traʊˈmætɪk/

      UK /trɔ:ˈmætɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Causing upsetting emotional effects over time
      • Causing an injury
      B2
      More
    • trigger

      US /ˈtrɪɡɚ/

      UK /'trɪɡə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
      • Device that starts a process
      • Transitive Verb
      • To start a process off e.g. a memory
      • To cause something to begin or happen.
      B1
      More
    • unable

      US /ʌnˈebəl/

      UK /ʌnˈeɪbl/

      • Adjective
      • Not being able to do something
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • uncomfortable

      US /ʌnˈkʌmfətəbəl, -ˈkʌmftə-/

      UK /ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Not being relaxed; worried about something
      • Causing or feeling slight pain or physical unease.
      B1
      More
    • unexpected

      US /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/

      UK /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/

      • Adjective
      • Surprising because it was not expected
      • Noun
      • An event or occurrence that was not anticipated.
      B2
      More
    • unique

      US /juˈnik/

      UK /jʊ'ni:k/

      • Adjective
      • Unlike other things; being the only one like it
      • Remarkably special or unusual.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • violate

      US /ˈvaɪəˌlet/

      UK /ˈvaɪəleɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To abuse, damage or disrespect
      • To break rules or laws; disregard important rights
      B1
      More
    • with it

      US /wɪð ɪt/

      UK /wið it/

      • Adjective
      • Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
      • Understanding and knowledgeable about current trends or information.
      A1
      More
    • work through

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To deal with something systematically until it is completed
      • To deal with a problem or difficult situation.
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B2US
    #trauma#gillis#katie#people#health#physical

    7 Common Things People with Trauma Do

    0
    Trâm Anh Nguyễn Thị posted on 2025/06/01
    Ever wondered about the subtle signs of trauma? This video dives into 7 common behaviors people with trauma might exhibit, like dissociation and social withdrawal, giving you practical insights. You'll also pick up some advanced vocabulary related to psychology, making it a fantastic way to boost your understanding and your English!

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