addict
US /əˈdɪkt/
UK /ˈædɪkt/
- Noun
- Person who can’t control their overuse of a thing
B1Moreaddiction
US /əˈdɪkʃən/
UK /əˈdɪkʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Lack of control the overuse of something e.g. drugs
- A compulsive physiological need for a habit-forming substance.
B1TOEICMorealcohol
US /ˈælkəˌhɔl,-ˌhɑl/
UK /'ælkəhɒl/
- Uncountable Noun
- A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
- Drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer
B1Morealertness
US /ə'lɜ:tnəs/
UK /ə'lɜ:tnəs/
- Uncountable Noun
- State of being aware and able to respond quickly
B1Moreat some point
US /æt sʌm pɔɪnt/
UK /æt sʌm pɔint/
- Phrase
- At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
A1Morebaseline
US /ˈbeɪslaɪn/
UK /ˈbeɪslaɪn/
- Noun
- Imaginary standard by which things are compared
C1Morecocaine
US /ˈkoʊˌkeɪn/
UK /kəʊˈkeɪn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Illegal drug made from coca leaves
- A street name for the drug cocaine.
- Intransitive Verb
- To use cocaine.
B2Morecolleague
US /ˈkɑlˌiɡ/
UK /'kɒli:ɡ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Person you work or cooperate with
- A fellow member of a profession
A2Moreconsumption
US /kənˈsʌmpʃən/
UK /kənˈsʌmpʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- The act of buying and using products
- The act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used
B1Morecontingency
US /kənˈtɪndʒənsi/
UK /kənˈtɪndʒənsi/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- What you do in case an emergency or problem occurs
- A possible event or occurrence or result that must be prepared for.
B2Morecrack
US /kræk/
UK /kræk/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
- Unexpected and hard hit to the body
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
- To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
B1Morecrave
US /krev/
UK /kreɪv/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To have a very strong desire for something
B2Morecritical
US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/
UK /ˈkrɪtɪkl/
- Adjective
- Making a negative judgment of something
- Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
A2Morecritical to
US
UK
- Adjective
- Extremely important or essential.
- Of decisive importance with reference to the outcome of something; vital.
B2Moredesire
US / dɪˈzaɪr/
UK /dɪ'zaɪə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To wish for, hope or want something
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Thing that is wished for or wanted
- A strong feeling of sexual wanting.
A2Moredisorder
US /dɪsˈɔrdɚ/
UK /dɪs'ɔ:də(r)/
- Uncountable Noun
- State of confusion or a lack of organization
- Illness when the body is not functioning well
- Transitive Verb
- To disrupt the order or arrangement of something.
B2Moredramatic
US /drəˈmætɪk/
UK /drəˈmætɪk/
- Adjective
- Gripping the attention; causing an effect
- (Of an event) sudden and extreme
B1Moreengage
US /ɪn'gedʒ/
UK /ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ/
- Transitive Verb
- To start to fight with an enemy
- To hire someone for a task or job
A2TOEICMorefor instance
US /fɔr ˈɪnstəns/
UK /fɔ: ˈinstəns/
- Adverb
- As an example.
- Phrase
- As an example.
- As an illustration or case in point
B1Moreforbid
US /fərˈbɪd/
UK /fəˈbɪd/
- Transitive Verb
- To order someone not to do something
B1Morefrankly
US /ˈfræŋkli/
UK /ˈfræŋkli/
- Adverb
- Speaking honestly and directly
- Used to express disagreement or mild disapproval.
B2Moreget back to
US /ɡɛt bæk tu/
UK /ɡet bæk tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To get in contact with someone again
- To return to someone or something; to respond at a later time.
A1Morehyper
US /'haɪpər/
UK /ˈhaɪpə(r)/
- Adjective
- Very excited or active
C1Morein addition to
US /ɪn əˈdɪʃən tu/
UK /in əˈdiʃən tu:/
- Preposition
- Besides; as well as
- Phrase
- Besides; as well as.
- Furthermore; moreover.
B1Morein fact
US /ɪn fækt/
UK /in fækt/
- Adverb
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
C1Morein mind
US /ɪn maɪnd/
UK /in maind/
- Phrase
- Being aware of or considering something.
- To remember or consider something.
A2Morein motion
US /ɪn ˈmoʃən/
UK /in ˈməuʃən/
- Phrase
- Moving; not stationary.
C2Morein the way
US /ɪn ði we/
UK /in ðə wei/
- Phrase
- Obstructing someone or something; hindering progress.
- Stored or placed so as to be available or ready when needed.
A1Morelack
US /læk/
UK /læk/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To not have, or not have enough, of something
- Uncountable Noun
- The state of not having or not having enough of
A2TOEICMorelead to
US /lid tu/
UK /li:d tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To result in some action
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To have something as a consequence or result.
A1Moreleverage
US /ˈlɛvərɪdʒ, ˈlivə-/
UK /'li:vərɪdʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- An advantage which gives you influence or power
- An advantage gained through the use of resources or a strategic position
- Transitive Verb
- To use an advantage which gives you influence
B2TOEICMorenarrow
US /ˈnæro/
UK /'nærəʊ/
- Adjective
- Not wide; short from one side to the other
- Limited; not broad in scope
- Intransitive Verb
- To become thinner or less wide
A2TOEICMoreobvious
US /ˈɑbviəs/
UK /ˈɒbviəs/
- Adjective
- Easily understood and clear; plain to see
- Easy to see or notice.
A2TOEICMoreone and the same
US /wʌn ən ðə seɪm/
UK /wʌn ən ðə seɪm/
- other
- Exactly the same person or thing.
B1Moreout there
US /aʊt ðɛr/
UK /aut ðɛə/
- Adverb
- In or to a place that is far away
- Existing in the universe
- Adjective
- Unconventional; strange; avant-garde
- Existing or available.
A1Morepeak
US /pik/
UK /pi:k/
- Noun
- Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
- The very top of a mountain
- Intransitive Verb
- To reach the highest or best point
B1Morepleasure
US /ˈplɛʒɚ/
UK /'pleʒə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction
- A thing that causes enjoyment or delight.
- Transitive Verb
- To give someone pleasure or satisfaction.
A2TOEICMoreplot
US /plɑt/
UK /plɒt/
- Countable Noun
- Small piece of land for a house growing crops etc.
- Series of events that form the main story
- Transitive Verb
- To mark a path, etc. on a map, using lines or dots
- To devise or develop a dramatic storyline
B1Morepornography
US /pɔ:rˈnɑ:grəfi/
UK /pɔ:ˈnɒgrəfi/
- Uncountable Noun
- Pictures or stories that stimulate sexual desire
C1Moreprior to
US /ˈpraɪɚ tu/
UK /ˈpraiə tu:/
- Preposition
- Before a particular time or event.
C1Moreprofessional
US /prəˈfɛʃənəl/
UK /prə'feʃənl/
- Adjective
- Of jobs such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
- Acting/done properly as a qualified person would
- Noun
- Highly qualified person, e.g. lawyer or doctor
- One who plays a sport or similar activity as a job
A2TOEICMoreprogressive
US /prəˈɡrɛsɪv/
UK /prəˈgresɪv/
- Adjective
- Believing in modern ideas about social change
- Increasing in extent or severity; occurring in gradual stages.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- People believing in bringing about social change
- A person advocating or implementing social reform or new, liberal ideas.
A2Morepsychology
US /saɪˈkɑlədʒi/
UK /saɪ'kɒlədʒɪ/
- Uncountable Noun
- The study of the mind and how it affects behavior
- Way in which a person or group thinks and behaves
C2Morepursue
US /pɚˈsu/
UK /pə'sju:/
- Transitive Verb
- To follow and try to catch, or to reach a goal
- To try to achieve or get something over time
B1TOEICMorepursuit
US /pɚˈsut/
UK /pəˈsju:t/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Act of following someone to catch them
- Process of attempting to achieve a goal
B1TOEICMorerecommend
US /ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd/
UK /ˌrekə'mend/
- Transitive Verb
- To advise or suggest that someone do something
- To endorse or support something publicly.
A2TOEICMorereinforce
US /ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:rs/
UK /ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s/
- Transitive Verb
- To send more troops/resources to support an army
- To encourage or strengthen an idea or feeling
B2TOEICMorerelate
US /rɪˈlet/
UK /rɪ'leɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To demonstrate a logical relationship between
- To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
A2TOEICMorereward
US /rɪˈwɔrd/
UK /rɪ'wɔ:d/
- Transitive Verb
- To give something because of someone's good work
- To give someone money for helping the police
- Noun
- Money given for information about criminals
- Something given in recognition of service, effort, or achievement.
A2TOEICMoresee out
US /si aʊt/
UK /si: aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To continue doing something until it ends, especially something difficult or unpleasant.
- To accompany someone to the door when they are leaving a place.
A1Moresnort
US /snɔrt/
UK /snɔ:t/
- Intransitive Verb
- To force air noisily through the nose
- Transitive Verb
- To consume drugs (e.g. cocaine) through the nose
B2Morestatistic
US /stəˈtɪstɪk/
UK /stəˈtɪstɪk/
- Noun
- Number that represents a piece of information
B1Moresteep
US /stip/
UK /sti:p/
- Adjective
- Very expensive
- Rising or falling very sharply, as a cliff or hill
- Transitive Verb
- To fill with a certain quality, e.g. history
- To put a thing in a liquid for some time
B1TOEICMorestimulus
US /ˈstɪmjələs/
UK /ˈstɪmjələs/
- Noun
- Something that causes a change
B2Moresubstance
US /ˈsʌbstəns/
UK /'sʌbstəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- Essence of; most basic or central qualities
- Particular type of material
A2Moresuffer
US / ˈsʌfɚ/
UK /'sʌfə(r)/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To experience pain, illness, or injury
- To allow or permit something, especially something unpleasant.
A2Moresuffer from
US /ˈsʌfɚ frʌm/
UK /ˈsʌfə frɔm/
- Intransitive Verb
- To experience pain or distress; to be badly affected by.
A1Moretalking about
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To discuss a particular topic.
- To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
A1Morethink about
US /θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/
UK /θiŋk əˈbaut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To consider something carefully.
- To remember or call to mind.
A1Moretrough
US /trɔ:f/
UK /trɒf/
- Countable Noun
- Long open container for feeding farm animals
B2Moreunder the influence
US /ˈʌndɚ ði ˈɪnfluəns/
UK /ˈʌndə ðə ˈinfluəns/
- Adjective
- Affected by alcohol or drugs to the extent that mental and physical control is markedly diminished.
- Phrase
- Being affected or controlled by someone or something.
A1Moreunquote
US /ʌnˈkwot/
UK /ˈʌnˈkwəut/
- Transitive Verb
- To remove the quotation marks from
B2Morevein
US /ven/
UK /veɪn/
- Noun
- Tube that returns blood from the body to the heart
- Mood or particular turn of mind
B1More
Vocabulary
- think about: To consider something carefully.
- in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- suffer from: To experience pain or distress; to be badly affected by.
- out there: In or to a place that is far away
- lead to: To result in some action
- see out: To continue doing something until it ends, especially something difficult or unpleasant.
- in the way: Obstructing someone or something; hindering progress.
- for instance: As an example.
- under the influence: Affected by alcohol or drugs to the extent that mental and physical control is markedly diminished.
- talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
- in addition to: Besides; as well as
- in motion: Moving; not stationary.
- one and the same: Exactly the same person or thing.
- at some point: At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
- critical to: Extremely important or essential.
- in mind: Being aware of or considering something.
- prior to: Before a particular time or event.
- get back to: To get in contact with someone again
- obvious: Easily understood and clear; plain to see
- engage: To start to fight with an enemy
- critical: Making a negative judgment of something
- recommend: To advise or suggest that someone do something
- crave: To have a very strong desire for something
- experience: Thing a person has done or that happened to them
- dopamine: Drug used to treat shock and hypotension
- disorder: State of confusion or a lack of organization
- pursue: To follow and try to catch, or to reach a goal
- completely: In every way or as much as possible
- reinforce: To send more troops/resources to support an army
- consumption: The act of buying and using products
- psychology: The study of the mind and how it affects behavior
- substance: Essence of; most basic or central qualities
- reward: To give something because of someone's good work
- frankly: Speaking honestly and directly
- crack: Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
- increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
- desire: To wish for, hope or want something
- bit: Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
- lack: To not have, or not have enough, of something
- leverage: An advantage which gives you influence or power
- suffer: To experience pain, illness, or injury
- dramatic: Gripping the attention; causing an effect
- addiction: Lack of control the overuse of something e.g. drugs
- pursuit: Act of following someone to catch them
- plot: Small piece of land for a house growing crops etc.
- behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
- effect: An advantage, benefit
- board: Surface for posting or showing information
- drop: Distance between a higher and a lower level
- pleasure: Feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction
- professional: Of jobs such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
- colleague: Person you work or cooperate with
- relate: To demonstrate a logical relationship between
- alcohol: A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
- progressive: Believing in modern ideas about social change
- steep: Very expensive
- peak: Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
- narrow: Not wide; short from one side to the other
- important: Having power or authority
- statistic: Number that represents a piece of information
- learn: To get knowledge or skills by study or experience
- alertness: State of being aware and able to respond quickly
- system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
- fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
- stimulus: Something that causes a change
- addict: Person who can’t control their overuse of a thing
- program: To make someone act or think in a certain way
- rise: To wake up and get out of bed after sleeping
- pornography: Pictures or stories that stimulate sexual desire
- hyper: Very excited or active
- vein: Tube that returns blood from the body to the heart
- cocaine: Illegal drug made from coca leaves
- forbid: To order someone not to do something
- contingency: What you do in case an emergency or problem occurs
- baseline: Imaginary standard by which things are compared
- trough: Long open container for feeding farm animals
- snort: To force air noisily through the nose
- unquote: To remove the quotation marks from
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Addiction Explained, Rises & Falls in Dopamine | Dr. Andrew Huberman
0
王詩雯 posted on 2025/05/24Ever wondered about the science behind addiction and those dopamine rushes? This video dives deep into the neuroscience of addiction, explaining how dopamine works and the cycles of substance and behavioral issues. You'll pick up some seriously advanced vocabulary related to the brain and behavior, making it a fantastic way to boost your knowledge and language skills!
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