Vocabulary

  • think about: To consider something carefully.
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • suffer from: To experience pain or distress; to be badly affected by.
  • out there: In or to a place that is far away
  • lead to: To result in some action
  • see out: To continue doing something until it ends, especially something difficult or unpleasant.
  • in the way: Obstructing someone or something; hindering progress.
  • for instance: As an example.
  • under the influence: Affected by alcohol or drugs to the extent that mental and physical control is markedly diminished.
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • in addition to: Besides; as well as
  • in motion: Moving; not stationary.
  • one and the same: Exactly the same person or thing.
  • at some point: At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
  • critical to: Extremely important or essential.
  • in mind: Being aware of or considering something.
  • prior to: Before a particular time or event.
  • get back to: To get in contact with someone again
  • obvious: Easily understood and clear; plain to see
  • engage: To start to fight with an enemy
  • critical: Making a negative judgment of something
  • recommend: To advise or suggest that someone do something
  • crave: To have a very strong desire for something
  • experience: Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • dopamine: Drug used to treat shock and hypotension
  • disorder: State of confusion or a lack of organization
  • pursue: To follow and try to catch, or to reach a goal
  • completely: In every way or as much as possible
  • reinforce: To send more troops/resources to support an army
  • consumption: The act of buying and using products
  • psychology: The study of the mind and how it affects behavior
  • substance: Essence of; most basic or central qualities
  • reward: To give something because of someone's good work
  • frankly: Speaking honestly and directly
  • crack: Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • desire: To wish for, hope or want something
  • bit: Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • lack: To not have, or not have enough, of something
  • leverage: An advantage which gives you influence or power
  • suffer: To experience pain, illness, or injury
  • dramatic: Gripping the attention; causing an effect
  • addiction: Lack of control the overuse of something e.g. drugs
  • pursuit: Act of following someone to catch them
  • plot: Small piece of land for a house growing crops etc.
  • behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
  • effect: An advantage, benefit
  • board: Surface for posting or showing information
  • drop: Distance between a higher and a lower level
  • pleasure: Feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction
  • professional: Of jobs such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
  • colleague: Person you work or cooperate with
  • relate: To demonstrate a logical relationship between
  • alcohol: A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
  • progressive: Believing in modern ideas about social change
  • steep: Very expensive
  • peak: Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
  • narrow: Not wide; short from one side to the other
  • important: Having power or authority
  • statistic: Number that represents a piece of information
  • learn: To get knowledge or skills by study or experience
  • alertness: State of being aware and able to respond quickly
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
  • stimulus: Something that causes a change
  • addict: Person who can’t control their overuse of a thing
  • program: To make someone act or think in a certain way
  • rise: To wake up and get out of bed after sleeping
  • pornography: Pictures or stories that stimulate sexual desire
  • hyper: Very excited or active
  • vein: Tube that returns blood from the body to the heart
  • cocaine: Illegal drug made from coca leaves
  • forbid: To order someone not to do something
  • contingency: What you do in case an emergency or problem occurs
  • baseline: Imaginary standard by which things are compared
  • trough: Long open container for feeding farm animals
  • snort: To force air noisily through the nose
  • unquote: To remove the quotation marks from
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • addict

      US /əˈdɪkt/

      UK /ˈædɪkt/

      • Noun
      • Person who can’t control their overuse of a thing
      B1
      More
    • addiction

      US /əˈdɪkʃən/

      UK /əˈdɪkʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Lack of control the overuse of something e.g. drugs
      • A compulsive physiological need for a habit-forming substance.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • alcohol

      US /ˈælkəˌhɔl,-ˌhɑl/

      UK /'ælkəhɒl/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
      • Drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer
      B1
      More
    • alertness

      US /ə'lɜ:tnəs/

      UK /ə'lɜ:tnəs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • State of being aware and able to respond quickly
      B1
      More
    • at some point

      US /æt sʌm pɔɪnt/

      UK /æt sʌm pɔint/

      • Phrase
      • At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
      A1
      More
    • baseline

      US /ˈbeɪslaɪn/

      UK /ˈbeɪslaɪn/

      • Noun
      • Imaginary standard by which things are compared
      C1
      More
    • cocaine

      US /ˈkoʊˌkeɪn/

      UK /kəʊˈkeɪn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Illegal drug made from coca leaves
      • A street name for the drug cocaine.
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To use cocaine.
      B2
      More
    • colleague

      US /ˈkɑlˌiɡ/

      UK /'kɒli:ɡ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Person you work or cooperate with
      • A fellow member of a profession
      A2
      More
    • consumption

      US /kənˈsʌmpʃən/

      UK /kənˈsʌmpʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The act of buying and using products
      • The act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used
      B1
      More
    • contingency

      US /kənˈtɪndʒənsi/

      UK /kənˈtɪndʒənsi/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • What you do in case an emergency or problem occurs
      • A possible event or occurrence or result that must be prepared for.
      B2
      More
    • crack

      US /kræk/

      UK /kræk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
      • Unexpected and hard hit to the body
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
      • To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
      B1
      More
    • crave

      US /krev/

      UK /kreɪv/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have a very strong desire for something
      B2
      More
    • critical

      US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

      UK /ˈkrɪtɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Making a negative judgment of something
      • Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
      A2
      More
    • critical to

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Extremely important or essential.
      • Of decisive importance with reference to the outcome of something; vital.
      B2
      More
    • desire

      US / dɪˈzaɪr/

      UK /dɪ'zaɪə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To wish for, hope or want something
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Thing that is wished for or wanted
      • A strong feeling of sexual wanting.
      A2
      More
    • disorder

      US /dɪsˈɔrdɚ/

      UK /dɪs'ɔ:də(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • State of confusion or a lack of organization
      • Illness when the body is not functioning well
      • Transitive Verb
      • To disrupt the order or arrangement of something.
      B2
      More
    • dramatic

      US /drəˈmætɪk/

      UK /drəˈmætɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Gripping the attention; causing an effect
      • (Of an event) sudden and extreme
      B1
      More
    • engage

      US /ɪn'gedʒ/

      UK /ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To start to fight with an enemy
      • To hire someone for a task or job
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • for instance

      US /fɔr ˈɪnstəns/

      UK /fɔ: ˈinstəns/

      • Adverb
      • As an example.
      • Phrase
      • As an example.
      • As an illustration or case in point
      B1
      More
    • forbid

      US /fərˈbɪd/

      UK /fəˈbɪd/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To order someone not to do something
      B1
      More
    • frankly

      US /ˈfræŋkli/

      UK /ˈfræŋkli/

      • Adverb
      • Speaking honestly and directly
      • Used to express disagreement or mild disapproval.
      B2
      More
    • get back to

      US /ɡɛt bæk tu/

      UK /ɡet bæk tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To get in contact with someone again
      • To return to someone or something; to respond at a later time.
      A1
      More
    • hyper

      US /'haɪpər/

      UK /ˈhaɪpə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Very excited or active
      C1
      More
    • in addition to

      US /ɪn əˈdɪʃən tu/

      UK /in əˈdiʃən tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Besides; as well as
      • Phrase
      • Besides; as well as.
      • Furthermore; moreover.
      B1
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in mind

      US /ɪn maɪnd/

      UK /in maind/

      • Phrase
      • Being aware of or considering something.
      • To remember or consider something.
      A2
      More
    • in motion

      US /ɪn ˈmoʃən/

      UK /in ˈməuʃən/

      • Phrase
      • Moving; not stationary.
      C2
      More
    • in the way

      US /ɪn ði we/

      UK /in ðə wei/

      • Phrase
      • Obstructing someone or something; hindering progress.
      • Stored or placed so as to be available or ready when needed.
      A1
      More
    • lack

      US /læk/

      UK /læk/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To not have, or not have enough, of something
      • Uncountable Noun
      • The state of not having or not having enough of
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • lead to

      US /lid tu/

      UK /li:d tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To result in some action
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have something as a consequence or result.
      A1
      More
    • leverage

      US /ˈlɛvərɪdʒ, ˈlivə-/

      UK /'li:vərɪdʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • An advantage which gives you influence or power
      • An advantage gained through the use of resources or a strategic position
      • Transitive Verb
      • To use an advantage which gives you influence
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • narrow

      US /ˈnæro/

      UK /'nærəʊ/

      • Adjective
      • Not wide; short from one side to the other
      • Limited; not broad in scope
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To become thinner or less wide
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • obvious

      US /ˈɑbviəs/

      UK /ˈɒbviəs/

      • Adjective
      • Easily understood and clear; plain to see
      • Easy to see or notice.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • one and the same

      US /wʌn ən ðə seɪm/

      UK /wʌn ən ðə seɪm/

      • other
      • Exactly the same person or thing.
      B1
      More
    • out there

      US /aʊt ðɛr/

      UK /aut ðɛə/

      • Adverb
      • In or to a place that is far away
      • Existing in the universe
      • Adjective
      • Unconventional; strange; avant-garde
      • Existing or available.
      A1
      More
    • peak

      US /pik/

      UK /pi:k/

      • Noun
      • Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
      • The very top of a mountain
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To reach the highest or best point
      B1
      More
    • pleasure

      US /ˈplɛʒɚ/

      UK /'pleʒə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction
      • A thing that causes enjoyment or delight.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To give someone pleasure or satisfaction.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • plot

      US /plɑt/

      UK /plɒt/

      • Countable Noun
      • Small piece of land for a house growing crops etc.
      • Series of events that form the main story
      • Transitive Verb
      • To mark a path, etc. on a map, using lines or dots
      • To devise or develop a dramatic storyline
      B1
      More
    • pornography

      US /pɔ:rˈnɑ:grəfi/

      UK /pɔ:ˈnɒgrəfi/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Pictures or stories that stimulate sexual desire
      C1
      More
    • prior to

      US /ˈpraɪɚ tu/

      UK /ˈpraiə tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Before a particular time or event.
      C1
      More
    • professional

      US /prəˈfɛʃənəl/

      UK /prə'feʃənl/

      • Adjective
      • Of jobs such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
      • Acting/done properly as a qualified person would
      • Noun
      • Highly qualified person, e.g. lawyer or doctor
      • One who plays a sport or similar activity as a job
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • progressive

      US /prəˈɡrɛsɪv/

      UK /prəˈgresɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Believing in modern ideas about social change
      • Increasing in extent or severity; occurring in gradual stages.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • People believing in bringing about social change
      • A person advocating or implementing social reform or new, liberal ideas.
      A2
      More
    • psychology

      US /saɪˈkɑlədʒi/

      UK /saɪ'kɒlədʒɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The study of the mind and how it affects behavior
      • Way in which a person or group thinks and behaves
      C2
      More
    • pursue

      US /pɚˈsu/

      UK /pə'sju:/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To follow and try to catch, or to reach a goal
      • To try to achieve or get something over time
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • pursuit

      US /pɚˈsut/

      UK /pəˈsju:t/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act of following someone to catch them
      • Process of attempting to achieve a goal
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • recommend

      US /ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd/

      UK /ˌrekə'mend/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To advise or suggest that someone do something
      • To endorse or support something publicly.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • reinforce

      US /ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:rs/

      UK /ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To send more troops/resources to support an army
      • To encourage or strengthen an idea or feeling
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • relate

      US /rɪˈlet/

      UK /rɪ'leɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To demonstrate a logical relationship between
      • To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • reward

      US /rɪˈwɔrd/

      UK /rɪ'wɔ:d/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give something because of someone's good work
      • To give someone money for helping the police
      • Noun
      • Money given for information about criminals
      • Something given in recognition of service, effort, or achievement.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • see out

      US /si aʊt/

      UK /si: aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something until it ends, especially something difficult or unpleasant.
      • To accompany someone to the door when they are leaving a place.
      A1
      More
    • snort

      US /snɔrt/

      UK /snɔ:t/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To force air noisily through the nose
      • Transitive Verb
      • To consume drugs (e.g. cocaine) through the nose
      B2
      More
    • statistic

      US /stəˈtɪstɪk/

      UK /stəˈtɪstɪk/

      • Noun
      • Number that represents a piece of information
      B1
      More
    • steep

      US /stip/

      UK /sti:p/

      • Adjective
      • Very expensive
      • Rising or falling very sharply, as a cliff or hill
      • Transitive Verb
      • To fill with a certain quality, e.g. history
      • To put a thing in a liquid for some time
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • stimulus

      US /ˈstɪmjələs/

      UK /ˈstɪmjələs/

      • Noun
      • Something that causes a change
      B2
      More
    • substance

      US /ˈsʌbstəns/

      UK /'sʌbstəns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Essence of; most basic or central qualities
      • Particular type of material
      A2
      More
    • suffer

      US / ˈsʌfɚ/

      UK /'sʌfə(r)/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To experience pain, illness, or injury
      • To allow or permit something, especially something unpleasant.
      A2
      More
    • suffer from

      US /ˈsʌfɚ frʌm/

      UK /ˈsʌfə frɔm/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To experience pain or distress; to be badly affected by.
      A1
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • think about

      US /θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/

      UK /θiŋk əˈbaut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To consider something carefully.
      • To remember or call to mind.
      A1
      More
    • trough

      US /trɔ:f/

      UK /trɒf/

      • Countable Noun
      • Long open container for feeding farm animals
      B2
      More
    • under the influence

      US /ˈʌndɚ ði ˈɪnfluəns/

      UK /ˈʌndə ðə ˈinfluəns/

      • Adjective
      • Affected by alcohol or drugs to the extent that mental and physical control is markedly diminished.
      • Phrase
      • Being affected or controlled by someone or something.
      A1
      More
    • unquote

      US /ʌnˈkwot/

      UK /ˈʌnˈkwəut/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To remove the quotation marks from
      B2
      More
    • vein

      US /ven/

      UK /veɪn/

      • Noun
      • Tube that returns blood from the body to the heart
      • Mood or particular turn of mind
      B1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1US
    #dopamine#cocaine#addiction#peak#baseline#alcohol

    Addiction Explained, Rises & Falls in Dopamine | Dr. Andrew Huberman

    0
    王詩雯 posted on 2025/05/24
    Ever wondered about the science behind addiction and those dopamine rushes? This video dives deep into the neuroscience of addiction, explaining how dopamine works and the cycles of substance and behavioral issues. You'll pick up some seriously advanced vocabulary related to the brain and behavior, making it a fantastic way to boost your knowledge and language skills!

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