Vocabulary

• open-heart surgery: Surgery performed on the opened heart, usually involving a heart-lung bypass machine.
• at least: As a minimum
• close to home: Emotionally sensitive or personally relevant to someone.
• lead to: To result in some action
• to let: Indicates that a property is available for rent.
• point in time: A specific moment or instance when something occurs or exists.
• in time: Eventually; after a period of time.
• in condition: The state that something is in.
• on the market: Available for sale.
• of course: Sure ; Certainly
• as opposed to: In contrast to; rather than.
• access: Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
• recommend: To advise or suggest that someone do something
• determine: To control exactly how something will be or act
• severe: Very bad; harsh
• artificial: Dishonest, to seem fake, not sincere
• squeeze: Amount of liquid from firmly pressing e.g. orange
• disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
• crush: Strong attraction to someone
• prevent: To stop something from happening or existing
• contract: To become ill as a result of getting a disease
• function: Social event, or party such as a wedding
• brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
• condition: To improve something to make it better
• vessel: Container, such as a cup, for holding liquids
• explain: To make clear or easy to understand by describing
• superior: Better; higher quality
• refer: To talk about or write about something
• candidate: Politician who is running for public office
• benefit: Good result or effect, something advantageous
• institute: Organization studying science, engineering etc.
• surgery: Medical operation involving cutting into body
• risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
• chest: Strong, lidded container for storing things
• degree: Amount or extent of something
• anchor: Metal hook on a rope used to stop boats moving
• patient: Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
• chamber: Enclosed space that contains something
• cure: Something that solves a problem or makes it better
• leave: To go away from; depart
• intermediate: Between; in the middle; moderate
• treatment: Medicine or method to make someone healthier
• rapid: Moving or happening very quickly
• invasive: Entering the body, etc. in a destructive way
• place: To put someone in a particular type of situation
• pain: Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
• decrease: To reduce the size, amount or number of something
• artery: Tubes that carry blood from the heart to the body
• procedure: A medical operation
• undergo: To experience or endure something (bad)
• fill: To make something full
• surgeon: A doctor who performs surgery
• leak: Act of (gas, liquid) escaping through a small hole
• valve: A device along a pipe or tube to regulate flow
• exertion: Use of physical or mental energy; hard work
• discomfort: To cause to feel uncomfortable or not at ease
• prosthetic: Artificial
• remove: To get rid of something completely
• feel: To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
• heart: A feeling of care for others; compassion
• time: Speed at which music is played; tempo
• back: Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
• calculate: To find an answer using mathematics
• stay: To keep trying without giving up
• frail: (E.g. of old person) weak in health, body
• eject: To make a disc or tape come out of a machine
• groin: Pelvic area of the human body
• ventricle: Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to arteries
• vascular: Of tubes through which fluids flow in body/plant
• cardiologist: Doctor specializing in disorders of the heart
• incision: Cut, as that done by a surgeon in an operation
• cardiology: Branch of medicine dealing with heart disease
• aorta: Large artery that carries blood from the heart
• classically: In the manner of Greek and Roman culture