Vocabulary

  • at least: As a minimum
  • in the ground: Located within or beneath the surface of the earth.
  • right back: Said when someone says they will return soon, indicating you expect their prompt return.
  • back into: To drive a vehicle backwards into a space or area.
  • warm up: To gently exercise muscles before doing sport
  • break down: To forcibly break, destroy or make collapse
  • grow on: To cause someone to begin to like
  • in areas: Located or occurring within specific regions or locations.
  • by now: At the present time or already; before the present.
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • next to: Being located along side another
  • figure out: To understand the behavior of someone
  • fill up
  • grow into: To be able to wear clothes that were too big
  • in addition to: Besides; as well as
  • as soon as: In a short time after (something happens)
  • entire: Complete or full; with no part left out; whole
  • massive: Very big; large; too big
  • material: Cloth; fabric
  • debate: General public discussion of a topic
  • vast: Being very large in size or amount
  • ingredient: Food item used when making a meal or drink
  • thrive: To be or become healthy or successful
  • matter: To be of great importance; to count
  • devastating: To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
  • ancient: Very old; having lived a very long time ago
  • describe: To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something
  • atmosphere: Air around us
  • prevent: To stop something from happening or existing
  • remain: To be left behind; to continue to exist
  • misconception: Wrong or misunderstood idea
  • preserve: To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
  • form: Sports team or person's current winning record
  • release: To free someone from a responsibility or burden
  • hemisphere: One half of a rounded, ball-like object
  • expand: To make something larger in size, number, amount
  • planet: One of the bodies that orbit the sun
  • pretty: Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • prior: Existing or coming earlier in time
  • evoke: To bring forth a certain feeling or memory
  • sink: To push something down into the ground
  • ground: To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
  • organic: Developing naturally and without a set structure
  • layer: One of several sheets of a material or object
  • soil: Conditions in which something develops
  • suggest: To mention something that could be done; propose
  • feedback: A response or opinion, about a service, etc.
  • square: Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
  • dioxide: An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • downside: Negative aspect of something
  • carbon: Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
  • emit: To release or send out (a gas, etc.)
  • dormant: Temporarily not active/growing
  • methane: Colorless gas without smell often used as fuel
  • storage: Act of storing something; a depository for goods
  • fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
  • ton: Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)
  • chance: The way something happens without planning
  • melt: To disappear or to go away
  • worse: Comparative of 'bad'; more bad
  • decompose: To cause (chemical) to separate into smaller parts
  • find: To become aware of something that is happening
  • blaze: (Of a fire) to burn brightly
  • grow: To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
  • tundra: Flat frozen region that has no trees
  • barren: (Of a woman) not able to have children
  • permafrost: Ground that is permanently frozen
  • decomposition: State of decay or rot
  • hear: To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
  • earth: Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
  • rock: To be greatly upset by something, e.g. a death
  • mammoth: Large extinct animal resembling a hairy elephant
  • runoff: A second election to find a winner
  • woolly: Confused and vague; used especially of thinking
  • destabilize: To make unstable or unpredictable
  • undersea: Beneath the surface of the sea
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • ancient

      US /ˈenʃənt/

      UK /'eɪnʃənt/

      • Adjective
      • Very old; having lived a very long time ago
      • Relating to a period in history, especially in the distant past.
      • Noun
      • A person who lived in ancient times.
      A2
      More
    • as soon as

      US /æz sun æz/

      UK /æz su:n æz/

      • Phrase
      • In a short time after (something happens)
      • Without any delay; immediately
      • Conjunction
      • At the moment that, or immediately after.
      A1
      More
    • at least

      US /æt list/

      UK /æt li:st/

      • Adverb
      • As a minimum
      • Not less than
      • Phrase
      • No less than; at the minimum
      • Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
      C2
      More
    • atmosphere

      US /ˈætməˌsfɪr/

      UK /'ætməsfɪə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Air around us
      • Feeling or mood of a place
      A2
      More
    • back into

      US /bæk ˈɪntu/

      UK /bæk ˈɪntuː/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To drive a vehicle backwards into a space or area.
      • To accidentally collide with something while moving backwards.
      A1
      More
    • barren

      US /ˈbærən/

      UK /ˈbærən/

      • Adjective
      • (Of a woman) not able to have children
      • (Of land) infertile
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • blaze

      US /blez/

      UK /bleɪz/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • (Of a fire) to burn brightly
      • (Of the sun, etc.) to shine brightly
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Bright light, as from a burning fire
      • a sudden show of very strong feeling
      B1
      More
    • break down

      US /brek daʊn/

      UK /breik daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To forcibly break, destroy or make collapse
      • (Machine) to stop working or become weaker
      A1
      More
    • by now

      US /baɪ naʊ/

      UK /bai nau/

      • Phrase
      • At the present time or already; before the present.
      A2
      More
    • carbon

      US /ˈkɑrbən/

      UK /'kɑ:bən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
      B1
      More
    • debate

      US / dɪˈbet/

      UK /dɪ'beɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • General public discussion of a topic
      • A formal event where two sides discuss a topic
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To consider options before making a decision
      • To take part in a formal discussion
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • decompose

      US /ˌdi:kəmˈpoʊz/

      UK /ˌdi:kəmˈpəʊz/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To cause (chemical) to separate into smaller parts
      • To gradually be destroyed by natural processes
      B2
      More
    • decomposition

      US /ˌdikɑmpəˈzɪʃən/

      UK /ˌdi:kɒmpə'zɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • State of decay or rot
      • The process of breaking down into component elements; analysis.
      B2
      More
    • destabilize

      US /diˈstebəˌlaɪz/

      UK /ˌdi:'steɪbəlaɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make unstable or unpredictable
      B2
      More
    • devastating

      US

      UK

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
      • Adjective
      • Destroying everything; very shocking
      • Causing great emotional pain or shock.
      B1
      More
    • dioxide

      US /daɪˈɑksaɪd/

      UK /daɪˈɒksaɪd/

      • Noun
      • An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
      B2
      More
    • dormant

      US /ˈdɔrmənt/

      UK /ˈdɔ:mənt/

      • Adjective
      • Temporarily not active/growing
      • (of a disease) Present but not active or causing symptoms.
      C1TOEIC
      More
    • downside

      US /ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd/

      UK /ˈdaʊnsaɪd/

      • Noun
      • Negative aspect of something
      • The potential negative consequences or risks associated with a decision or action.
      B2
      More
    • emit

      US /ɪˈmɪt/

      UK /ɪ'mɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To release or send out (a gas, etc.)
      B1
      More
    • entire

      US /ɛnˈtaɪr/

      UK /ɪn'taɪə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Complete or full; with no part left out; whole
      • Undivided; not shared or distributed.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • evoke

      US /ɪˈvok/

      UK /ɪ'vəʊk/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To bring forth a certain feeling or memory
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • expand

      US /ɪkˈspænd/

      UK /ɪk'spænd/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To make something larger in size, number, amount
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • feedback

      US /ˈfidˌbæk/

      UK /ˈfi:dbæk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A response or opinion, about a service, etc.
      • Information about reactions to a product, a person's performance of a task, etc. which is used as a basis for improvement.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To give information or opinions about something to someone, especially in order to improve it.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • figure out

      US /ˈfɪɡjɚ aʊt/

      UK /ˈfiɡə aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To understand the behavior of someone
      • To think through logically to find a solution
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To understand or find an answer to something.
      • To find a solution to a problem or understand something.
      A1
      More
    • fill up

      US /fɪl ʌp/

      UK /fil ʌp/

      • Phrase
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To make something full.
      • To become full.
      A1
      More
    • grow into

      US /ɡro ˈɪntu/

      UK /ɡrəu ˈɪntuː/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To be able to wear clothes that were too big
      • To adjust to over time, e.g. a new job
      A1
      More
    • grow on

      US /ɡro ɑn/

      UK /ɡrəu ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To cause someone to begin to like
      A1
      More
    • hemisphere

      US /ˈhɛmɪˌsfɪr/

      UK /ˈhemɪsfɪə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One half of a rounded, ball-like object
      • One of the two masses forming the brain
      B2
      More
    • in addition to

      US /ɪn əˈdɪʃən tu/

      UK /in əˈdiʃən tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Besides; as well as
      • Phrase
      • Besides; as well as.
      • Furthermore; moreover.
      B1
      More
    • in areas

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Located or occurring within specific regions or locations.
      • Relating to specific fields, subjects, or disciplines.
      A1
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in the ground

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Located within or beneath the surface of the earth.
      • Referring to something placed or growing in soil.
      A1
      More
    • ingredient

      US /ɪnˈɡridiənt/

      UK /ɪnˈgri:diənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Food item used when making a meal or drink
      • Quality necessary to be something to work well
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • layer

      US /ˈleɚ/

      UK /ˈleiə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One of several sheets of a material or object
      • A covering of something spread over a surface.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To put things one on top of another
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • mammoth

      US /ˈmæməθ/

      UK /ˈmæməθ/

      • Noun (plural)
      • Large extinct animal resembling a hairy elephant
      • Adjective
      • Huge in size
      B2
      More
    • massive

      US /ˈmæsɪv/

      UK /ˈmæsɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Very big; large; too big
      • Large or imposing in scale or scope.
      B1
      More
    • material

      US /məˈtɪriəl/

      UK /məˈtɪəriəl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Cloth; fabric
      • Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
      • Adjective
      • Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
      • Belonging to the world of physical things
      A2
      More
    • melt

      US /mɛlt/

      UK /melt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To disappear or to go away
      • To make, become soft or liquid due to heat
      • Uncountable Noun
      • A mass of material that has been melted, especially metal.
      B1
      More
    • methane

      US /ˈmeθeɪn/

      UK /ˈmi:θeɪn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Colorless gas without smell often used as fuel
      B2
      More
    • misconception

      US /ˌmɪskənˈsɛpʃən/

      UK /ˌmɪskənˈsepʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Wrong or misunderstood idea
      • A widely held but incorrect belief.
      B1
      More
    • next to

      US /nɛkst tu/

      UK /nekst tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Being located along side another
      • In comparison with
      • Adverb
      • Almost; nearly
      A1
      More
    • organic

      US /ɔrˈɡænɪk/

      UK /ɔ:ˈgænɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Developing naturally and without a set structure
      • Concerning food made with few or no chemicals
      B1
      More
    • permafrost

      US /ˈpɜ:rməfrɔ:st/

      UK /ˈpɜ:məfrɒst/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Ground that is permanently frozen
      C2
      More
    • planet

      US /ˈplænɪt/

      UK /'plænɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One of the bodies that orbit the sun
      • A different world or sphere of existence.
      • Proper Noun
      • The earth.
      A2
      More
    • preserve

      US /prɪˈzɜ:rv/

      UK /prɪˈzɜ:v/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
      • To protect something from harm, loss or damage
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Sweet fruit spread; jam
      • Protected area of land with plants and animals
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • prevent

      US /prɪˈvɛnt/

      UK /prɪ'vent/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To stop something from happening or existing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • prior

      US /ˈpraɪɚ/

      UK /'praɪə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Existing or coming earlier in time
      • (Of a claim, etc.) more important than another one
      • Noun
      • Monk or priest in charge of a monastery
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • release

      US /rɪ'li:s/

      UK /rɪ'li:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To free someone from a responsibility or burden
      • To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
      • Noun
      • Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
      • Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • remain

      US /rɪˈmen/

      UK /rɪˈmeɪn/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To be left behind; to continue to exist
      • To stay in a place when other people have gone
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • right back

      US /raɪt bæk/

      UK /rait bæk/

      • Interjection
      • Said when someone says they will return soon, indicating you expect their prompt return.
      • Adverb
      • Immediately; very soon after going.
      A1
      More
    • runoff

      US /ˈrʌnˌɔf, -ˌɑf/

      UK /'rʌnˌɔ:f/

      • Noun
      • A second election to find a winner
      C2
      More
    • sink

      US /sɪŋk/

      UK /sɪŋk/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To push something down into the ground
      • To dig (a well)
      • Countable Noun
      • Large bowl in a kitchen or washroom for washing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • soil

      US /sɔɪl/

      UK /sɔɪl/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Conditions in which something develops
      • Mix of natural material in which plants grow
      • Transitive Verb
      • To get or become dirty
      B1
      More
    • square

      US /skwɛr/

      UK /skweə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
      • The result of multiplying Length by the width
      • Adjective
      • Being fair or honest
      • Multiply a number by itself e.g. 2x2 or 6x6
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • storage

      US /ˈstɔrɪdʒ, ˈstor-/

      UK /ˈstɔ:rɪdʒ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of storing something; a depository for goods
      A2
      More
    • thrive

      US /θraɪv/

      UK /θraɪv/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To be or become healthy or successful
      • To grow or develop well; to flourish.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • ton

      US /tʌn/

      UK /tʌn/

      • Noun
      • Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)
      A2
      More
    • tundra

      US /ˈtʌndrə/

      UK /ˈtʌndrə/

      • Noun
      • Flat frozen region that has no trees
      B2
      More
    • undersea

      US /ˈʌndərsi:/

      UK /ˈʌndəsi:/

      • Adjective
      • Beneath the surface of the sea
      C1
      More
    • vast

      US /væst/

      UK /vɑ:st/

      • Adjective
      • Being very large in size or amount
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • warm up

      US /wɔːrm ʌp/

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To gently exercise muscles before doing sport
      A1
      More
    • woolly

      US /ˈwʊli/

      UK /'wʊlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • Confused and vague; used especially of thinking
      • Adjective
      • Having a fluffy character or appearance
      C2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    B2US
    #permafrost#carbon#methane#greenhouse#melting#carbon dioxide

    Permafrost Is Not What You Think It Is

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    VoiceTube posted on 2025/03/05
    Did you know permafrost is way more than just frozen ground? This video dives into the surprising science behind permafrost, explaining how it stores carbon and what happens when it thaws, releasing methane! You'll pick up some awesome advanced vocabulary related to climate science and ecosystems.

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