Vocabulary

  • have to: Must do
  • neurodegenerative diseases: Diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration and death of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
  • at least: As a minimum
  • look for: To try to find a thing or person that is lost
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • in other words: Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
  • look back: To think about past events
  • back into: To drive a vehicle backwards into a space or area.
  • pin down: To force someone to clarify their opinion
  • for sure: Definitely; certainly; without a doubt.
  • show up: To arrive or be seen at a place, e.g. a party
  • in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
  • nail down: To define, decide, or confirm the details of something definitively.
  • thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
  • increased risk: A greater chance of something harmful or dangerous happening.
  • in the future: At a later time; in times to come.
  • come up: To come closer to someone; approach
  • might well: Used to indicate a good possibility or likelihood.
  • pop up: To appear suddenly.
  • for instance: As an example.
  • reduce the risk: To lessen the probability of something dangerous or harmful occurring.
  • check into: To register at a hotel or similar establishment.
  • in the hospital: Located inside a hospital receiving medical care.
  • start off: To begin or commence something.
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • skin up: To roll a marijuana cigarette.
  • for some reason: For a reason that is not known or not easily explained.
  • ramp up: To increase the level or amount of something sharply.
  • make up: To invent or create a story
  • to do with: To be about something; concern
  • put together: To build or assemble something small, e.g. a toy
  • up in the air: Not yet decided or resolved; uncertain.
  • in the air: Present or circulating in the atmosphere.
  • wait for: To wait until someone comes, or something happens
  • time will tell: The future will reveal the answer or outcome.
  • on the verge of: Very near to doing or experiencing something.
  • turn out: To arrive for a public event or entertainment
  • specific: Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • chronic: Always or often doing something, e.g. lying
  • massive: Very big; large; too big
  • bunch: A group of things of the same kind
  • figure: To appear in a game, play or event
  • pandemic: (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants
  • evidence: Factual proof that helps to establish the truth
  • devastating: To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
  • tackle: To start working on a difficult problem
  • severe: Very bad; harsh
  • common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
  • develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
  • random: Chosen, done without a particular plan or pattern
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
  • relationship: Connection between two or more people or things
  • toxic: Poisonous; harmful
  • viral: Of or caused by a virus
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • protein: Group of molecules made from amino acids
  • prevent: To stop something from happening or existing
  • bit: Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • dementia: Illness characterized by loss of memory
  • establish: To set or create something to last for a long time
  • brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
  • pneumonia: Serious illness affecting the lungs and breathing
  • similar: Nearly the same; alike
  • association: Organization of people with the same interest
  • journal: A diary; record of what you do every day
  • cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • conclusion: End of something; finish
  • cast: People who appear in a play or movie
  • population: Number of people who live in a country, area etc.
  • factor: Something that influences a result
  • suddenly: In an unexpected or very quick manner
  • nervous: Concerning the system of nerves in the body
  • infinite: Being very large in amount
  • risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
  • accept: To agree to receive or take something offered
  • clinical: Concerning the treatment or observing patients
  • infection: (Computers) Having a computer virus
  • reduce: To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
  • mild: Gentle in nature or behavior
  • suggest: To mention something that could be done; propose
  • appear: To be seen, become visible; come into sight
  • ramp: Path that increases in height as you walk up it
  • diagnose: To determine the cause of an illness or problem
  • assemble: To put parts together to make a complete unit
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • dormant: Temporarily not active/growing
  • nail: Pointed piece of metal used to join pieces of wood
  • assembly: Process of putting the parts of something together
  • virus: File secretly put on computers to cause harm
  • cellular: Concerning a cell of a living thing
  • flu: Illness causing headache, fever etc.
  • buildup: Making people feel excited about some new event
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • assemble

      US /əˈsɛmbəl/

      UK /əˈsembl/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To put parts together to make a complete unit
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To gather together in one place
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • assembly

      US /əˈsɛmbli/

      UK /ə'semblɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Process of putting the parts of something together
      • Group of people gathered for a purpose
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • association

      US /əˌsoʊʃi'eɪʃn/

      UK /əˌsəʊʃɪ'eɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • Organization of people with the same interest
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • at least

      US /æt list/

      UK /æt li:st/

      • Adverb
      • As a minimum
      • Not less than
      • Phrase
      • No less than; at the minimum
      • Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
      C2
      More
    • back into

      US /bæk ˈɪntu/

      UK /bæk ˈɪntuː/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To drive a vehicle backwards into a space or area.
      • To accidentally collide with something while moving backwards.
      A1
      More
    • buildup

      US /'bɪldˌʌp/

      UK /'bɪldˌʌp/

      • Noun
      • Making people feel excited about some new event
      C2
      More
    • bunch

      US /bʌntʃ/

      UK /bʌntʃ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A group of things of the same kind
      • A group of people.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To group people or things closely together
      B1
      More
    • cast

      US /kæst/

      UK /kɑ:st/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • People who appear in a play or movie
      • Small amount of a particular color
      • Transitive Verb
      • To give specific roles to actors in a movie, play
      • To describe someone's personality or character
      A2
      More
    • cause

      US /kɔz/

      UK /kɔ:z/

      • Noun
      • Belief, goal or organization that people support
      • Reason for
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something happen; create effect or result
      A2
      More
    • cellular

      US /ˈsɛljəlɚ/

      UK /'seljələ(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning a cell of a living thing
      • (Of radio signals) functioning without wires
      B2
      More
    • check into

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To register at a hotel or similar establishment.
      • To enter a hospital or clinic for treatment.
      More
    • chronic

      US /ˈkrɑnɪk/

      UK /'krɒnɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Always or often doing something, e.g. lying
      • (Of disease) over a long time; serious
      B1
      More
    • clinical

      US /ˈklɪnɪkəl/

      UK /ˈklɪnɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the treatment or observing patients
      • Using scientific techniques and precision
      B1
      More
    • come up

      US /kʌm ʌp/

      UK /kʌm ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To come closer to someone; approach
      • (Of sun) to rise into the sky in the morning
      A1
      More
    • conclusion

      US /kənˈkluʒən/

      UK /kənˈklu:ʒn/

      • Noun
      • End of something; finish
      • Judgment or opinion after thinking for a while
      A2
      More
    • dementia

      US /dɪˈmɛnʃə/

      UK /dɪˈmenʃə/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Illness characterized by loss of memory
      B2
      More
    • devastating

      US

      UK

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
      • Adjective
      • Destroying everything; very shocking
      • Causing great emotional pain or shock.
      B1
      More
    • diagnose

      US /ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊs/

      UK /ˈdaɪəgnəʊz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To determine the cause of an illness or problem
      B1
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • dormant

      US /ˈdɔrmənt/

      UK /ˈdɔ:mənt/

      • Adjective
      • Temporarily not active/growing
      • (of a disease) Present but not active or causing symptoms.
      C1TOEIC
      More
    • establish

      US /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

      UK /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To set or create something to last for a long time
      • To use facts, evidence to show truth or clarity
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • factor

      US /ˈfæktɚ/

      UK /'fæktə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Something that influences a result
      • Transitive Verb
      • To consider or include in an estimate or judgment
      • To find the two numbers a number can be divided by
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • flu

      US /flu/

      UK /flu:/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness causing headache, fever etc.
      • A specific instance or bout of influenza.
      B2
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • for instance

      US /fɔr ˈɪnstəns/

      UK /fɔ: ˈinstəns/

      • Adverb
      • As an example.
      • Phrase
      • As an example.
      • As an illustration or case in point
      B1
      More
    • for some reason

      US /fɔr sʌm ˈrizən/

      UK /fɔ: sʌm ˈri:zən/

      • Phrase
      • For a reason that is not known or not easily explained.
      A1
      More
    • for sure

      US /fɔr ʃʊr/

      UK /fɔ: ʃuə/

      • Adverb
      • Definitely; certainly; without a doubt.
      • Used to emphasize a statement.
      • Interjection
      • An expression of strong agreement or affirmation.
      A2
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • in order to

      US /ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tu/

      UK /in ˈɔ:də tu:/

      • Preposition
      • For the purpose of; with the aim of.
      • Phrase
      • In a specific sequence or arrangement.
      • With the aim of; for the purpose of.
      C1
      More
    • in other words

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
      More
    • in the air

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Present or circulating in the atmosphere.
      • Felt or sensed by many people; circulating as a rumor or feeling.
      • Adjective
      • Being broadcast on radio or television.
      A1
      More
    • in the future

      US /ɪn ði ˈfjutʃɚ/

      UK /in ðə ˈfju:tʃə/

      • Phrase
      • At a later time; in times to come.
      A1
      More
    • in the hospital

      US /ɪn ðə ˈhɑspɪtəl/

      UK /in ðə ˈhɒspɪtəl/

      • Preposition
      • Located inside a hospital receiving medical care.
      A1
      More
    • increased risk

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • A greater chance of something harmful or dangerous happening.
      • A higher probability of financial loss in an investment.
      B2
      More
    • infection

      US /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/

      UK /ɪnˈfekʃn/

      • Noun
      • (Computers) Having a computer virus
      • Making or becoming sick with a bacteria/virus
      A2
      More
    • infinite

      US /ˈɪnfənɪt/

      UK /'ɪnfɪnət/

      • Adjective
      • Being very large in amount
      • Without an end; limitless; endless
      B2
      More
    • journal

      US /ˈdʒɚnəl/

      UK /ˈdʒə:nl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A diary; record of what you do every day
      • Magazine of academic papers
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • look back

      US /lʊk bæk/

      UK /luk bæk/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To think about past events
      A1
      More
    • look for

      US /lʊk fɔr/

      UK /luk fɔ:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To try to find a thing or person that is lost
      • To expect or anticipate something.
      A1
      More
    • make up

      US /mek ʌp/

      UK /meik ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To invent or create a story
      • To add up to
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To invent a story, excuse, etc.
      • To compensate for something lost, missed, or deficient.
      A1
      More
    • massive

      US /ˈmæsɪv/

      UK /ˈmæsɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Very big; large; too big
      • Large or imposing in scale or scope.
      B1
      More
    • might well

      US

      UK

      • Modal Verb
      • Used to indicate a good possibility or likelihood.
      • Used to suggest a sensible or advisable course of action.
      A1
      More
    • mild

      US /maɪld/

      UK /maɪld/

      • Adjective
      • Gentle in nature or behavior
      • Being neither too cold nor too hot
      A2
      More
    • nail

      US /nel/

      UK /neɪl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Pointed piece of metal used to join pieces of wood
      • Hard part at the end of your finger
      • Transitive Verb
      • To attach things together with metal nails
      • To catch someone doing an illegal activity
      B1
      More
    • nail down

      US /nel daʊn/

      UK /neil daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To define, decide, or confirm the details of something definitively.
      • To fasten something with nails; to secure something firmly.
      B2
      More
    • neurodegenerative diseases

      US

      UK

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration and death of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
      B1
      More
    • on the verge of

      US /ɑn ði vɚdʒ ʌv/

      UK /ɔn ðə və:dʒ ɔv/

      • Phrase
      • Very near to doing or experiencing something.
      A1
      More
    • pandemic

      US /pænˈdɛmɪk/

      UK /pæn'demɪk/

      • Adjective
      • (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants
      • Noun
      • a pandemic disease
      C2
      More
    • pin down

      US /pɪn daʊn/

      UK /pin daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To force someone to clarify their opinion
      • To discover the exact details about something
      • Transitive Verb
      • To force someone to make a decision or give a clear answer.
      A2
      More
    • pneumonia

      US /nu:ˈmoʊniə/

      UK /nju:ˈməʊniə/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Serious illness affecting the lungs and breathing
      B2
      More
    • pop up

      US /pɑp ʌp/

      UK /pɔp ʌp/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To appear suddenly.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To appear suddenly and unexpectedly.
      • To appear on a computer screen.
      A1
      More
    • population

      US /ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən/

      UK /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Number of people who live in a country, area etc.
      • A group of individuals of one species living in a particular area.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • prevent

      US /prɪˈvɛnt/

      UK /prɪ'vent/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To stop something from happening or existing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • protein

      US /ˈprəʊˌtiːn/

      UK /ˈprəʊti:n/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Group of molecules made from amino acids
      B1
      More
    • put together

      US /pʊt təˈɡɛðɚ/

      UK /put təˈɡeðə/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To build or assemble something small, e.g. a toy
      • To organize or arrange something.
      A1
      More
    • ramp

      US /ræmp/

      UK /ræmp/

      • Noun
      • Path that increases in height as you walk up it
      • Transitive Verb
      • To slope or incline; (phrasal: ramp up) to increase the level or amount of something sharply; to furnish with a sloping surface.
      B2
      More
    • ramp up

      US /ræmp ʌp/

      UK /ræmp ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To increase the level or amount of something sharply.
      More
    • random

      US /ˈrændəm/

      UK /'rændəm/

      • Adjective
      • Chosen, done without a particular plan or pattern
      B1
      More
    • reduce

      US /rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus/

      UK /rɪ'dju:s/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
      • To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • reduce the risk

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • To lessen the probability of something dangerous or harmful occurring.
      A1
      More
    • relationship

      US /rɪˈleʃənˌʃɪp/

      UK /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Connection between two or more people or things
      • Way people interact or live with each other
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • research

      US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/

      UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
      • To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
      • A particular area or topic of study.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • severe

      US /səˈvɪr/

      UK /sɪ'vɪə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Very bad; harsh
      • (Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • show up

      US /ʃo ʌp/

      UK /ʃəu ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To arrive or be seen at a place, e.g. a party
      • To be noticeably better than (someone else)
      A1
      More
    • skin up

      US /skɪn ʌp/

      UK /skɪn ʌp/

      • other
      • To roll a marijuana cigarette.
      C1
      More
    • specific

      US /spɪˈsɪfɪk/

      UK /spəˈsɪfɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Precise; particular; just about that thing
      • Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing
      A2
      More
    • start off

      US /stɑrt ɔf/

      UK /stɑ:t ɔf/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To begin or commence something.
      • To begin a journey.
      B2
      More
    • tackle

      US /ˈtækəl/

      UK /'tækl/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To start working on a difficult problem
      • To grab and throw a person to the ground
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Equipment used in fishing
      • Arrangement of ropes and wheels used for lifting
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • thanks to

      US /θæŋks tu/

      UK /θæŋks tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; as a result of.
      A1
      More
    • time will tell

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • The future will reveal the answer or outcome.
      A1
      More
    • to do with

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To be about something; concern
      A1
      More
    • toxic

      US /ˈtɑksɪk/

      UK /ˈtɒksɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Poisonous; harmful
      • (Of relationships) harmful; causing conflict
      B2
      More
    • turn out

      US /tɚn aʊt/

      UK /tə:n aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To arrive for a public event or entertainment
      • To happen to be in the end
      A1
      More
    • up in the air

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Not yet decided or resolved; uncertain.
      • Idiom
      • In an uncertain state; unresolved.
      More
    • viral

      US /ˈvaɪrəl/

      UK /ˈvaɪrəl/

      • Adjective
      • Of or caused by a virus
      • Becoming very popular by circulating quickly from person to person, especially through the Internet.
      B2
      More
    • virus

      US /ˈvaɪrəs/

      UK /'vaɪrəs/

      • Noun
      • File secretly put on computers to cause harm
      • Living organism that causes disease or sickness
      B1
      More
    • wait for

      US /wet fɔr/

      UK /weit fɔ:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To wait until someone comes, or something happens
      A1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1US
    #alzheimer#flu#mono#parkinson#severe#brain

    The Flu May Cause Alzheimer's

    0
    VoiceTube posted on 2025/02/25
    Did you know that common viruses might be linked to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's? This video dives into fascinating research connecting viral infections like HSV-1 to neurodegenerative diseases, and you'll pick up some advanced vocabulary along the way! It's a fantastic chance to boost your knowledge and your English skills with insights into epidemiology and vaccination benefits.

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