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  • Hi this is Tutor Nick P this is lesson 184 Part 2. Yeah from yesterday we're going

  • over common everyday abbreviations uses and meanings. Again I ended up choosing

  • the ones that we come across the most. Many of them come from Latin origin and

  • not everybody really knows sometimes what they stand for

  • but again I'm going to review it here. So this is part two. All right let's take a

  • look at first one. The first one is lb or lbs. Now most Westerners know that's

  • pounds, but I've often heard a lot of Westerners say why do we use lbs

  • for pounds ? Well obviously it comes from Libra you know like the zodiac sign

  • Libra Libra scales so that's why it's used as a symbol for pounds. Used to

  • indicate pounds. Okay let's look at the example here. She bought 10 pounds worth

  • of fruit. Okay let's look at the next one. i.e. I.e. is another one that confuses even native

  • speakers because this is one we take directly from Latin. Most of them know

  • probably that it means ' that is' but they can't figure out where does he i.e. come from ?

  • Well the i.e. comes directly from Latin. id est, est in Latin is is and id is that so

  • we usually either read it as that is or that is to say. Sometimes I have even

  • see it read as you know by which is meant. So okay it could be used in all of those ways. I do once in a while see

  • students make a mistake and they think that it also means like for example. No

  • it doesn't do that. So I.e, stands for id est which is should be read as that is.

  • Okay let's take a look at the example here. That comic book convention is only

  • for Marvel superheroes i.e. or you could read it as IE or that is, Hulk Spider-man,

  • Iron Man, Captain America, Fantastic Four and many other superheroes from the

  • Marvel book company. Okay all right let's look at MA. MA you know like somebody

  • gets a postgraduate degree somebody got an MA comes from also from Latin

  • Magister Atrium is what it actually comes from, which is Masters of Arts. Okay a

  • postgraduate degree right. So here's the example she's planning on going for an

  • MA. All right MO. we sometimes hear this in movies especially detective movies

  • they try to find the criminal. Okay oh and also MO here stands for modus

  • operandi. Methods of Operating often used about criminal records. Okay All right.

  • All right I guess I noticed I skipped MD. Even though is a very common one.

  • Everybody knows MD stands for medicinae doctor. Of course from the Latin doctor

  • of medicine, So here's the example. Her husband is an MD or maybe you could say

  • somebody was an MD in the military. All right good. oh and I should give you

  • the example of MO. yeah I forgot to do that. The police suspect it may be done

  • by a serial killer because all these cases of murder followed the same MO. So

  • remember, MO stands for modus operandi. Modus operandi the same method of

  • operation. So probably it is used a lot of the same ways. That is especially with

  • serial killers. Sometimes they like to do the murder all in the same way. You know

  • they get some excitement from that. Okay let's go to the next one.

  • PhD philosophy doctor okay doctor philosophy. Yeah he got a Ph.D. in that

  • subject another thing to note about Ph. D. is you know it's the Ph and then the

  • period and then Dot period. That's the way it should be written out. A lot of

  • students might make that mistake. They might just write PhD altogether. It

  • should be Pd dot D dot basically. oh again that's a common one. Just like

  • master' s and PhD, Ph. D. of course is the highest University degree you can get. All right let's continue. PS stands for post script. Remember

  • anything's post as always after. Post script after after writing. So after what has been scripted or written. That's what we hear. So here's the

  • example. Yeah so oh used at the end of a letter to add information. And here's the

  • example he added a PS. I love you and I cannot wait to see you again. Yeah I

  • probably heard that in a lot of songs too. You know . PS I love you. something like that. But

  • yeah if somebody writes that PS that's what the PS actually stands for

  • PostScript. It is like an added thought after you finish the whole

  • letter. You know to add and some extra information All right good and here RIP.

  • Of course comes directly from Latin. Requiescat in Pace.

  • But most people know the English translation. Because its letters

  • match up in English too. May someone rest in peace, so the RIP also matches English of

  • rest in peace. Yeah so it is often used on gravestones or tombstones especially

  • to save space or save money. You know on tombstones they always charge you for

  • every letter. That's put in there. So that's why sometimes people in the past

  • have abbreviated just to R IP or rest in peace. All right the vs. VS. is

  • one you should never read it as versus, You should always read it as okay

  • sometimes you just see the whole word written out or a lot of times you just see

  • the vs. We've see it in sports a lot. One team against another. So that's the

  • example here. Tonight's game is the Yankees versus the Red Sox. You might

  • also see it in law cases. Remember that old movie a long time ago Kramer vs

  • Kramer. So it always means against or opposing. Okay I hope you got it. I hope

  • it was informative. hope you enjoyed it. Thank you for your time. Bye-bye.

Hi this is Tutor Nick P this is lesson 184 Part 2. Yeah from yesterday we're going

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