Vocabulary

• by itself: Alone; without help or assistance.
• from the face of the earth: Completely disappeared or destroyed.
• as long as: For the period that; provided that.
• go on: To continue doing something
• by and large: Generally; on the whole; mostly.
• number of people: The total count of individuals within a group or gathering.
• in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
• of a kind: Unique; not like anything else
• in the way: Obstructing someone or something; hindering progress.
• as opposed to: In contrast to; rather than.
• slow down: To reduce the speed
• lift up: To raise something to a higher position.
• entire: Complete or full; with no part left out; whole
• absolutely: Completely; totally; very
• present: Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
• enormous: Huge; very big; very important
• access: Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
• prioritize: To rank things in importance
• tremendous: Very good or very impressive
• progress: To move forward or toward a place or goal
• determine: To control exactly how something will be or act
• improve: To make, or become, something better
• realize: To become aware of or understand mentally
• extreme: Very great in degree
• poverty: State of being poor
• develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
• philosophy: Study of ideas about the basic nature of life
• mortality: Quality or state of being capable of dying
• confidence: Feeling that you can do well at something
• amount: Quantity of something
• decade: Period of 10 years
• exist: To be present, alive or real
• reverse: Setting that makes the vehicle go backward
• political: Being active or interested in government matters
• competition: Fighting against others to win something
• state: Region within a country, with its own government
• fraction: Small part of something
• prey: To hunt (other animals) in order to eat them
• surface: To give (road) a top layer
• population: Number of people who live in a country, area etc.
• effect: An advantage, benefit
• hemisphere: One half of a rounded, ball-like object
• compare: To consider how similar and different things are
• advance: Forward movement by an army
• humanity: Quality of being understanding or sympathetic
• generation: Act or process of producing or causing something
• application: Software program, e.g. for smart phone
• reason: To think and make conclusions in a logical manner
• fall: Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
• charisma: Special quality of a person that charms/attracts
• century: Period of 100 years
• sign: Indication that something exists or will happen
• haven: Place where people can feel safe and happy
• fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
• dogma: Firm set of beliefs held by a group
• minimum: Smallest degree or level that is acceptable
• mobilize: To come together for an action or purpose
• superstition: Unproven belief that some things are lucky/unlucky
• cooperation: Working together to get something done
• maternal: Of mothers or being a mother
• downward: Moving from a higher to a lower condition/place
• vanish: To disappear in a sudden and mysterious way
• unfortunate: Having bad luck; bringing a bad result
• formally: In a formal manner; officially
• illiteracy: An inability to read
• oppress: To rule in a cruel way
• housework: Work of cleaning and running a house