Name: 【TED】Andres Lozano: Parkinson's, depression and the switch that might turn them off (Andres Lozano: Parkinson's, depression and the switch that might turn them off)
Uploaded: 2013-08-03T17:50:51.000Z
Duration: 15 min 35 s
Description: Thousands of YouTube videos with English-Chinese subtitles! Now you can learn to understand native speakers, expand your vocabulary, and improve your pronunciation...

One of the things I want to establish right from the start

is that not all neurosurgeons wear cowboy boots.

Adverbs of degree

and I follow a long tradition of neurosurgery,

and what I'm going to tell you about today

is adjusting the dials in the circuits in the brain,

and turning areas of the brain up or down

So as I said, neurosurgery comes from a long tradition.

In Mesoamerica, there used to be neurosurgery,

and there were these neurosurgeons that used to treat patients.

And they were trying to -- they knew that the brain was involved

They didn't know exactly what they were doing.

Not much has changed, by the way. (Laughter)

if you had a neurologic or psychiatric disease,

So if you are possessed by an evil spirit

causing neurologic or psychiatric problems,

then the way to treat this is, of course,

to make a hole in your skull and let the evil spirit escape.

Sometimes the patients were a little bit reluctant

to go through this because, you can tell that

the holes are made partially and then, I think,

there was some trepanation, and then they left very quickly

and we know they survived these procedures.

of all the skulls have these holes, and so you can see

that neurologic and psychiatric disease is quite common,

and it was also quite common about 7,000 years ago.

different parts of the brain do different things.

So there are areas of the brain that are dedicated

to controlling your movement or your vision

or your memory or your appetite, and so on.

And when things work well, then the nervous system

But once in a while, things don't go so well,

and there are some rogue neurons that are misfiring

and causing trouble, or sometimes they're underactive

and they're not quite working as they should.

depends on where in the brain these neurons are.

So when these neurons are in the motor circuit,

you get dysfunction in the movement system,

and you get things like Parkinson's disease.

When the malfunction is in a circuit that regulates your mood,

and when it is in a circuit that controls your memory and cognitive function,

then you get things like Alzheimer's disease.

So what we've been able to do is to pinpoint

where these disturbances are in the brain,

and we've been able to intervene within these circuits

in the brain to either turn them up or turn them down.

So this is very much like choosing the correct station

Once you choose the right station, whether it be jazz or opera,

in our case whether it be movement or mood,

and then we can use a second button to adjust the volume,

is using the circuitry of the brain to implant electrodes

and turning areas of the brain up and down

And this is accomplished using this kind of device,

and this is called deep brain stimulation.

So what we're doing is placing these electrodes throughout the brain.

Again, we are making holes in the skull about the size of a dime,

putting an electrode in, and then this electrode

and with a remote control very much like a television remote control,

we can adjust how much electricity we deliver

Now, about a hundred thousand patients in the world

of using deep brain stimulation to treat disorders of movement,

disorders of mood and disorders of cognition.

So this looks something like this when it's in the brain.

You see the electrode going through the skull into the brain

and resting there, and we can place this really anywhere in the brain.

from a neurosurgeon, because we can really reach

just about anywhere in the brain quite safely now.

Now the first example I'm going to show you is a patient

【TED】Andres Lozano: Parkinson's, depression and the switch that might turn them off (Andres Lozano: Parkinson's, depression and the switch that might turn them off)

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【TED】Andres Lozano: Parkinson's, depression and the switch that might turn them off (Andres Lozano: Parkinson's, depression and the switch that might turn them off)

cognitive

depression

technique

applause