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Vocabulary

  • deal with
  • inside of: Within; in the inner part of.
  • seal up: To close something tightly so that air, water, etc. cannot get in or out.
  • ramp up: To increase the level or amount of something sharply.
  • fight off: To defend a position, often violently
  • constantly: Frequently, or without pause
  • specific: Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
  • recognize: To accept the truth or reality of something
  • access: Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
  • strategy: Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
  • physical: Health check at the doctors' or hospital
  • presence: The same place or area that a person is
  • evolve: To develop certain features
  • bacteria: The very small creatures that can cause disease
  • inflammation: Painful swelling in the body due to illness
  • toxic: Poisonous; harmful
  • prevent: To stop something from happening or existing
  • alert: Being aware and able to respond quickly
  • quarantine: To isolate ill people to prevent disease spreading
  • suck: To be very bad, undesirable or unpleasant
  • tiny: Very, very small
  • appeal: Ability to attract interest, attention, or desire
  • response: Something said/written as an answer to something
  • cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • external: Concerning foreign countries
  • adopt: To legally take a child into your family
  • charge: To run quickly toward someone to attack them
  • release: To free someone from a responsibility or burden
  • stock: Animals such as cattle kept for breeding
  • rigid: Stiff rather than flexible
  • seal: To close tightly to protect it from leaking
  • kidney: Body organ that cleans blood, producing urine
  • flee: To leave somewhere urgently, to avoid danger
  • shape: The outer form of something, what it looks like
  • produce: Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
  • sturdy: Substantially made or built; strong
  • internal: Being or happening in the body
  • recruit: Person who has just joined the military
  • ramp: Path that increases in height as you walk up it
  • fold: To bend one part of something against another
  • tailor: To make or alter to fit a certain purpose
  • devour: To eat quickly and hungrily
  • pain: Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
  • arsenal: Place where weapons are stored
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • fungus: Plant, e.g. mushroom/mold, growing in damp places
  • chew: To bite something many times without swallowing it
  • defend: To protect and explain your position in court
  • spinach: Vegetable with dark green leaves, full of iron
  • neighborhood: Area of a town or city that people live in
  • cocktail: Mixed alcoholic drink, containing spirit like gin
  • microscopic: Too small to be seen with the eyes
  • armor: Defensive (e.g. metal) covering for bodies, things
  • protect: To defend someone or something from harm or danger
  • pull: Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
  • siege: Surrounding an enemy to prevent them getting food
  • repel: To make or force someone or something go away
  • airborne: Being in the air
  • dispense: To distribute, prepare and give out
  • entry: Act of entering a room, building, party
  • cover: To record a different version of another song
  • fight: To argue or quarrel with someone about something
  • parasitic: Living on larger plant/animal and dependent on it
  • meal: Food for eating at a particular time, e.g. dinner
  • touch: To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
  • close: Almost; near
  • call: A order or request for action
  • buildup: Making people feel excited about some new event
  • fruit: Result or product of something
  • antimicrobial: Capable of destroying or inhibiting the growth of disease-causing microorganisms
  • herbivore: Any animal that feeds chiefly on grass and plants
  • pineapple: A sweet fruit with yellow flesh and green skin
  • rhubarb: Edible plant with bittersweet pink stalks
  • kiwi: Flightless bird from New Zealand
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • access

      US /ˈæksɛs/

      UK /'ækses/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
      • The opportunity or right to use something or to see someone.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To be able to use or have permission to use
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • adopt

      US /əˈdɑ:pt/

      UK /əˈdɒpt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To legally take a child into your family
      • To take on responsibility for something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • airborne

      US /ˈerbɔ:rn/

      UK /ˈeəbɔ:n/

      • Adjective
      • Being in the air
      • Transmitted through the air.
      • Noun
      • A military unit trained to be transported by air and parachute into combat.
      • An operation involving the dropping of troops by parachute from aircraft.
      C1
      More
    • alert

      US /əˈlɚt/

      UK /ə'lɜ:t/

      • Adjective
      • Being aware and able to respond quickly
      • Transitive Verb
      • To warn someone so they can respond to it
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • appeal

      US /əˈpil/

      UK /ə'pi:l/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Ability to attract interest, attention, or desire
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To attract interest, attention, or desire
      • To request a judge or others to change a decision
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • armor

      US /ˈɑrmɚ/

      UK /'ɑ:mə/

      • Noun
      • Defensive (e.g. metal) covering for bodies, things
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cover something in metal to protect it
      C1
      More
    • arsenal

      US /ˈɑrsənəl/

      UK /'ɑ:sənl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Place where weapons are stored
      • Noun
      • (figurative) set of skills, tools, or strategies someone has at their disposal to achieve a goal or overcome a challenge.
      C2
      More
    • bacteria

      US /bækˈtɪriə/

      UK /bæk'tɪərɪə/

      • Noun (plural)
      • The very small creatures that can cause disease
      B2
      More
    • buildup

      US /'bɪldˌʌp/

      UK /'bɪldˌʌp/

      • Noun
      • Making people feel excited about some new event
      C2
      More
    • cause

      US /kɔz/

      UK /kɔ:z/

      • Noun
      • Belief, goal or organization that people support
      • Reason for
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something happen; create effect or result
      A2
      More
    • charge

      US /tʃɑrdʒ/

      UK /tʃɑ:dʒ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To run quickly toward someone to attack them
      • To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • An attack by running quickly toward someone
      • A price for a service or goods
      A2
      More
    • chew

      US /tʃu:/

      UK /tʃu:/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To bite something many times without swallowing it
      • Noun
      • Act of biting something many times
      B1
      More
    • cocktail

      US /ˈkɑkˌtel/

      UK /'kɒkteɪl/

      • Noun
      • Mixed alcoholic drink, containing spirit like gin
      B2
      More
    • constantly

      US /ˈkɑnstəntlɪ/

      UK /ˈkɒnstəntli/

      • Adverb
      • Frequently, or without pause
      • In a way that is unchanging or faithful
      B1
      More
    • deal with

      US /dil wɪð/

      UK /di:l wið/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To buy or sell goods or services.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To take action to solve a problem or manage a situation.
      • To be about; concern.
      A1
      More
    • defend

      US /dɪˈfɛnd/

      UK /dɪ'fend/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To protect and explain your position in court
      • To protect against an attack
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • devour

      US /dɪˈvaʊr/

      UK /dɪˈvaʊə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To eat quickly and hungrily
      B2
      More
    • dispense

      US /dɪˈspɛns/

      UK /dɪ'spens/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To distribute, prepare and give out
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • evolve

      US /ɪˈvɑlv/

      UK /ɪ'vɒlv/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To develop certain features
      • To develop or change slowly over time
      B1
      More
    • external

      US /ɪkˈstɚnəl/

      UK /eksˈtə:nl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning foreign countries
      • Concerning the outside of something; outer
      A2
      More
    • fight off

      US /faɪt ɔf/

      UK /fait ɔf/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To defend a position, often violently
      • To resist or struggle to get rid of an illness or negative feeling.
      A1
      More
    • flee

      US /fli/

      UK /fli:/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To leave somewhere urgently, to avoid danger
      B1
      More
    • fold

      US /fold/

      UK /fəʊld/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To bend one part of something against another
      • (Of business) to fail or close down
      • Countable Noun
      • Pen where sheep are kept
      • Group of people who have a common belief
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • fungus

      US /ˈfʌŋɡəs/

      UK /ˈfʌŋgəs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Plant, e.g. mushroom/mold, growing in damp places
      B2
      More
    • herbivore

      US /ˈɜ:rbɪvɔ:(r)/

      UK /ˈhɜ:bɪvɔ:(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • Any animal that feeds chiefly on grass and plants
      C1
      More
    • immune

      US /ɪˈmjoon/

      UK /ɪˈmju:n/

      • Adjective
      • Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
      • Protected against a particular disease or condition because of antibodies or vaccination.
      B1
      More
    • inflammation

      US /ˌɪnfləˈmeʃən/

      UK /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Painful swelling in the body due to illness
      • A condition in which a part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
      B2
      More
    • inside of

      US /ɪnˈsaɪd ʌv/

      UK /inˈsaid ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • Within; in the inner part of.
      • Within a certain period of time.
      A1
      More
    • internal

      US /ɪnˈtɚnəl/

      UK /inˈtə:nəl/

      • Adjective
      • Being or happening in the body
      • Being, happening in a country, state, organization
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • kidney

      US /ˈkɪdni/

      UK /'kɪdnɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Body organ that cleans blood, producing urine
      • An animal kidney used as food.
      • Adjective
      • Relating to the kidneys.
      • Having the shape of a kidney; bean-shaped.
      B2
      More
    • kiwi

      US /ˈkiwi/

      UK /ˈki:wi:/

      • Noun
      • Flightless bird from New Zealand
      C1
      More
    • microscopic

      US /ˌmaɪkrəˈskɑ:pɪk/

      UK /ˌmaɪkrəˈskɒpɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Too small to be seen with the eyes
      • Relating to or involving the use of a microscope.
      B1
      More
    • neighborhood

      US /ˈnebɚˌhʊd/

      UK /'neɪbəhʊd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Area of a town or city that people live in
      • People who live in a particular area
      • Adjective
      • Relating to a neighborhood.
      B1
      More
    • parasitic

      US /ˌpærəˈsɪtɪk/

      UK /ˌpærəˈsɪtɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Living on larger plant/animal and dependent on it
      • Exploiting or preying on others; living off another's resources.
      B2
      More
    • physical

      US /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

      UK /ˈfɪzɪkl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Health check at the doctors' or hospital
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the body of a person
      • Concerning things that can be seen or touched
      A2
      More
    • pineapple

      US /ˈpaɪnˌæpəl/

      UK /ˈpaɪnæpl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A sweet fruit with yellow flesh and green skin
      • The tropical plant that produces the pineapple fruit.
      • Adjective
      • Having the flavor of pineapple.
      C1
      More
    • presence

      US /ˈprɛzəns/

      UK /ˈprezns/

      • Noun
      • The same place or area that a person is
      • Ability to reach a market, group of people etc.
      A2
      More
    • prevent

      US /prɪˈvɛnt/

      UK /prɪ'vent/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To stop something from happening or existing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • quarantine

      US /ˈkwɔrənˌtin, ˈkwɑr-/

      UK /'kwɒrənti:n/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To isolate ill people to prevent disease spreading
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The place to isolate sick plants, animals
      C1
      More
    • ramp

      US /ræmp/

      UK /ræmp/

      • Noun
      • Path that increases in height as you walk up it
      • Transitive Verb
      • To slope or incline; (phrasal: ramp up) to increase the level or amount of something sharply; to furnish with a sloping surface.
      B2
      More
    • ramp up

      US /ræmp ʌp/

      UK /ræmp ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To increase the level or amount of something sharply.
      More
    • recognize

      US /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/

      UK /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To accept the truth or reality of something
      • To consider something as important or special
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • recruit

      US /rɪˈkrut/

      UK /rɪ'kru:t/

      • Countable Noun
      • Person who has just joined the military
      • Person who has just begun a new activity or job
      • Transitive Verb
      • To convince and help people to join the military
      • To find new employees, volunteers or members
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • release

      US /rɪ'li:s/

      UK /rɪ'li:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To free someone from a responsibility or burden
      • To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
      • Noun
      • Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
      • Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • repel

      US /rɪˈpɛl/

      UK /rɪ'pel/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make or force someone or something go away
      • To cause someone to feel disgust.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • response

      US /rɪˈspɑns/

      UK /riˈspɔns/

      • Noun
      • Something said/written as an answer to something
      • Reaction to something that has occurred
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • rhubarb

      US /ˈru:bɑ:rb/

      UK /ˈru:bɑ:b/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Edible plant with bittersweet pink stalks
      C1
      More
    • rigid

      US /ˈrɪdʒɪd/

      UK /ˈrɪdʒɪd/

      • Adjective
      • Stiff rather than flexible
      • Very fixed in your opinion or habits
      B1
      More
    • seal

      US /sil/

      UK /si:l/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To close tightly to protect it from leaking
      • To close an envelop or package
      • Noun
      • Large fish-eating animal that lives on sea or land
      • Official mark made in hot wax to close a document
      B1
      More
    • seal up

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To close something tightly so that air, water, etc. cannot get in or out.
      A1
      More
    • siege

      US /sidʒ/

      UK /si:dʒ/

      • Noun
      • Surrounding an enemy to prevent them getting food
      C2TOEIC
      More
    • specific

      US /spɪˈsɪfɪk/

      UK /spəˈsɪfɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Precise; particular; just about that thing
      • Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing
      A2
      More
    • spinach

      US /ˈspɪnɪtʃ/

      UK /ˈspɪnɪtʃ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Vegetable with dark green leaves, full of iron
      B2
      More
    • stock

      US /stɑk/

      UK /stɒk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Animals such as cattle kept for breeding
      • Merchandise; goods kept by a business for sale
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Tasty liquid added to stews, soups etc.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • strategy

      US /ˈstrætədʒi/

      UK /'strætədʒɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
      • Branch of military dealing with command
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • sturdy

      US /ˈstɜ:rdi/

      UK /ˈstɜ:di/

      • Adjective
      • Substantially made or built; strong
      C2
      More
    • suck

      US /sʌk/

      UK /sʌk/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To be very bad, undesirable or unpleasant
      • Transitive Verb
      • To pull or remove something with great power
      • To attract someone; make someone interested
      B1
      More
    • tailor

      US /ˈtelɚ/

      UK /'teɪlə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make or alter to fit a certain purpose
      • Countable Noun
      • Person who makes men's clothes by hand
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • tiny

      US /ˈtaɪni/

      UK /'taɪnɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Very, very small
      A2
      More
    • toxic

      US /ˈtɑksɪk/

      UK /ˈtɒksɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Poisonous; harmful
      • (Of relationships) harmful; causing conflict
      B2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    C1US
    #TED-Ed#plant#tomato#immune#immune system#detect

    【TED-Ed】The amazing ways plants defend themselves - Valentin Hammoudi

    0
    osmend posted on 2020/09/05
    Ever wondered how plants fight back against hungry bugs and sneaky microbes? This fascinating TED-Ed video dives into the amazing ways plants defend themselves, revealing clever strategies you'll want to know about! You'll pick up some awesome advanced vocabulary related to plant defenses and science, making it a fun way to boost your English knowledge.

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