Subtitles section Play video Print subtitles You can find DC motors in many portable home apliances Automobiles and types of industrial equipments In this video, we will logically understand the opperation and construction of comercials DC motors Let's first start with the simplest DC motor possible It looks like this The stator provides a constant magnetic field And the armature, witch is the rotating part, is a simple coil The armature is connected to a DC power source through a pair of comutator rings When the current flows through the coil, an electromagnetic force is induced on it according to the Lorentz law So the coil will start to rotate You'll notice that as the coil rotates, the commutator rings connected with the power source of opposite polarity As it result on the left side of the coil the electricity will always flow "away" And on the right side electricity will always flow "towards" This ensures that the torque action is also in the same direction throughout the motion So the coil will continue rotating But, if you observe the torque action on the coil closely you'll notice that when the coil is nearly perpendicular to the magnetic flux the torque action nears zero As a result there will be irregular motion of the rotor if you run such a DC motor Here is the trick to overcome this problem: Add one more loop to the rotor, with a separate comutator pair for it In this arrangement when the first loop is in the vertical position the second loop will be connected to the power source, so the motor force is always present in the system Moreover , the more such loops, the smoother will be the motor rotation In a practical motor the armature loops are fitted inside slots with highly permeable steel layers This will enhance magnetic flux interaction Spring loaded comutator brushes help to mantain contact with the power source A permanent magnetic stator pole is used only for very small DC motors Most often, an electromagnetic is used The field coil of the electromagnetic is powered from the the same DC source The field coils can be connected to the rotor windings in two different ways Parallel or series The result is two differents kinds of DC motor constructions a shunt and a series motors The series wound motor has good starting torque, but speed drops drastically with the load The shunt motor has a low starting torque but it is able to run almost at a constant speed Irrespective of the load acting on the motor Unlikely the other electrical machines, DC motors exhibits a unique caracteristic: The production of BACK EMF A rotating loop in a magnetic field will produce an EMF according to the principle of the electic magnetic induction The case of the rotating armature loops is also the same An internal EMF will be induced that opposes to the applied input voltage The BACK EMF reduces armature current by a large ammount BACK EMF is proportional to the speed of the rotor At the starting of the motor BACK EMF is too low, thus the armature current becomes too high leading to the burnout of the rotor Thus a proper starting mecanism that controls the applied input voltage is necessary in large DC motors One of the interesting variation of the DC motor is a universal motor witch is capable to run under both AC and DC power sources To know more about it, please check the next video Thank you
B2 UK dc motor coil rotor torque magnetic DC Motor, How it works? 104 11 raymond posted on 2017/07/23 More Share Save Report Video vocabulary