Vocabulary

• have to: Must do
• used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
• bread and circuses: Superficial appeasement to distract from important issues.
• answer to: To be responsible to someone and have to explain your actions to them.
• up to speed: Fully informed; aware of the latest information
• in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
• in exchange for: Given or done as an equivalent or substitute for.
• cross out: To put a line through writing to show it is wrong
• regular job: A full-time, permanent employment position.
• out there: In or to a place that is far away
• spend money: To use money to buy or pay for something.
• hold on: To wait for someone (e.g. on a phone call)
• bear with me: Be patient with me.
• go back to: To return to a starting point
• in mind: Being aware of or considering something.
• end up with: To have something as a result.
• live on: To continue to exist or be remembered.
• instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
• over time: Gradually; as time passes.
• for example: As an illustration or instance.
• on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
• as a whole: Considering everything together; in general.
• start out: To begin your life or career in a particular way.
• think about: To consider something carefully.
• entire: Complete or full; with no part left out; whole
• situation: Place, position or area that something is in
• average: Total of numbers divided by the number of items
• determine: To control exactly how something will be or act
• athlete: Person trained to compete in sports
• hypothetical: Thought up, as an example; not being a real case
• status: Position or rank relative to others in a society
• initiate: To cause something to begin
• state: Region within a country, with its own government
• suffer: To experience pain, illness, or injury
• corporate: Concerning (usually large) companies
• reach: To come to or arrive at a goal or destination
• population: Number of people who live in a country, area etc.
• result: Something produced through tests or experiments
• simply: In an easy or clear manner
• grain: Seeds of plants used for food
• complete: To finish or reach the end of doing something
• transition: Change from one state, movement, place to another
• labor: To struggle to do something because it's difficult
• observe: To celebrate a particular holiday/religious event
• universal: Existing in all places at all times for all people
• wealth: Amount of money or possessions you own, e.g. large
• frequency: Number of repetitions of (radio or sound) wave
• economy: Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
• company: Good feeling from being with someone else
• distribute: To hand out or give to people
• policy: Document stating terms of an insurance agreement
• place: To put someone in a particular type of situation
• system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
• basic: At the most important or easiest (beginner) level
• own: To have something as your property
• business: A company formed for making profit
• incline: To bend the head or body forward
• gradual: Moving slowly by small amounts, over time
• workforce: The total number of working people
• income: Earned money from work, investments or business
• cornerstone: Stone at the outer corner of two joining walls
• answer: To reply to a question someone asks
• calculate: To find an answer using mathematics
• bracket: Placement of a word or words within ( ) [ or ]
• automate: To make automatic by using machines
• communism: Political system with state-controlled industry
• steadily: At a steady rate or pace; reliably; constantly
• beneficiary: Person who benefits from something
• eventual: Coming or happening at a later or end of the time
• buildup: Making people feel excited about some new event
• automation: Use of machines to do tasks once done by people
• industrialization: Process of creating and developing many businesses
• bc: Before Christ; used after dates/years