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  • Given how things are with ourselves and the world, one of the great questions we face is: Should we laugh or should we cry?

  • The history of philosophy has an interesting take on the choice.

  • Two of the greatest thinkers of ancient Greece were Democritus and Heraclitus.

  • Both men, who lived to a very old age, had a deep knowledge of people and the world but responded to what they knew in strikingly different ways.

  • Heraclitus couldn't stop weeping.

  • Democritus couldn't stop laughing.

  • It's obvious why Heraclitus cried.

  • Once we open our eyes fully to the reality of existence, it's astonishing we can ever carry on.

  • There is simply so much to be sad about.

  • The human animal is a benighted, deluded, uncontrolled monster, perfectly suited to the error, meanness and suffering.

  • The greater question is how and why one would ever laugh.

  • There is of course always the option of idiotic laugh, the plastic laugh, the sentimental callous fool.

  • But this wasn't the philosopher Democritus' way.

  • He laughed richly and generously not because some privileged position led him to naively misunderstand how bad things could be.

  • His good humor wasn't delusional nor was it simply a random quirk of temperament.

  • Democritus laughed in a very particular and highly admirable style because of the way he thought about the world.

  • He was a profound realist.

  • He knew everything there is to know, about the human tendency to greed, murder and lust and of our constant exposure to random accident and misfortune.

  • And ultimately, Democritus was so convinced of the darkness; he knew so much about suffering and risk,

  • He no longer felt he had to register this constantly at the front of his mind in order to do them justice.

  • They seem to him an entirely obvious baseline fact about existence.

  • He could be cheerful, because anything nice, sweet or charming that came his way, was immediately experienced as a bonus, a gratifying addition to an originally bleak starting point.

  • By keeping the dark backdrop of life always in mind, Democritus sharpened his appreciation of whatever stood out against it.

  • A pleasant thing that happened to him wasn't taken to be a feeble compensation for his larger dashed hopes.

  • It was a delightful, slightly improbable, but very noteworthy backing of an always expected tragic trend.

  • Democritus who's learned to be enjoying parties wine and drinking.

  • "A life without festivity is a long road without an inn" he wrote.

  • He didn't believe that he had to feel constantly sad to prove that he recognized life to be sad.

  • He danced and drank because of a rightful confidence that he had already done justice and would in the future again have to fully do justice to the sadness of things.

  • Democritus was aiming at an intelligent kind of cheerfulness,

  • one that admits from the outset that life is fundamentally grim but that uses this despair as a catalyst for a more vivid engagement with the beautiful or kind moments that do come one's way.

  • Like an English person who is especially adept to drawing value from the last day of summer or a condemned man who perfectly savors the last meal before being led to the firing squad.

  • Democritus was a master practitioner of that highly admirable state of mind: Cheerful despair.

  • Once we've acquired the skill of cheerful despair life acquires a distinctive new kind of sweetness in all its pleasant structures.

  • Every pain-free day is a blessing.

  • We're amazed and touched when once in a while someone seems to understand a few things we say or does something unexpectedly kind.

  • We enjoy the distinctive cheerfulness of those who've done all the crying they can and are determined, for a while at least, to hold on to the light.

Given how things are with ourselves and the world, one of the great questions we face is: Should we laugh or should we cry?

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