agriculture
US /ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltʃɚ/
UK /ˈægrɪkʌltʃə(r)/
- Uncountable Noun
- The science of farming
- The study of farming and related sciences.
A2Morealso known as
US
UK
- Phrase
- Also called; alternatively named.
- Identified by another term; synonymous with.
A1Morealternative
US /ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl-/
UK /ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv/
- Countable Noun
- Something different you can choose
- Adjective
- A different choice
A2TOEICMorearsenic
US /ˈɑ:rsnɪk/
UK /ˈɑ:snɪk/
- Adjective
- Strong poison used as insecticide, etc.
C1Moreawareness
US /əˈwɛrnɪs/
UK /əˈweənəs/
- Uncountable Noun
- Having knowledge of something
A2TOEICMorebacteria
US /bækˈtɪriə/
UK /bæk'tɪərɪə/
- Noun (plural)
- The very small creatures that can cause disease
B2Moreban
US /bæn/
UK /bæn/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something illegal or not allowed
- To prohibit someone from participating in a particular online community or game.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Official action preventing something happening
- A prohibition from participating in a particular online community or game.
B1Morebeetle
US /ˈbitl/
UK /ˈbi:tl/
- Countable Noun
- Insect with a hard, usually black body and 8 legs
- A heavy mallet or rammer, usually wooden, used for driving in stakes or wedges.
- Noun
- The study of beetles as a group or species.
B2Morebiological
US /ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/
UK /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/
- Adjective
- Being related to life and living things
- A substance, such as a detergent, that contains enzymes.
B1Morebreed
US /brid/
UK /bri:d/
- Noun
- Kind of / sort of
- Particular kind of animal, e.g. a Labrador dog
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To create situations for a (bad) thing to happen
- To produce baby animals of specific kinds
A2Morecarry out
US /ˈkæri aʊt/
UK /ˈkæri aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To fulfill or perform your instructions, duty
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To perform or execute a task, order, or plan.
- To remove something or someone from a place.
A1Morecontroversial
US /ˌkɑntrəˈvɚʃəl, -siəl/
UK /ˌkɔntrəˈvə:ʃəl/
- Adjective
- Causing a great deal of argument, or conflict
B1Morecrop
US /krɑp/
UK /krɒp/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Plants grown on a farm for food, e.g. corn or rice
- Section of short, thick hair
- Transitive Verb
- To cut something to a shorter length or size
- To cut (something, especially hair) short.
B1Moredemand
US /dɪˈmænd/
UK /dɪ'mɑ:nd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Desire customers have to buy product, service
- A strong request for someone to do something
- Transitive Verb
- To strongly request someone to do something
- To need something.
A2TOEICMoredevastating
US
UK
- Transitive Verb
- To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
- Adjective
- Destroying everything; very shocking
- Causing great emotional pain or shock.
B1Moredownside
US /ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd/
UK /ˈdaʊnsaɪd/
- Noun
- Negative aspect of something
- The potential negative consequences or risks associated with a decision or action.
B2Moreencounter
US /ɛnˈkaʊntɚ/
UK /ɪn'kaʊntə(r)/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To come up against a problem or trouble; meet
- To meet someone or something unexpectedly
- Noun
- A chance meeting; unexpected or unplanned meeting
B1TOEICMoreera
US /'ɪrə/
UK /'ɪərə/
- Noun
- Period characterized by particular events, people
- A major division of geological time, usually divided into periods.
B1Moreerase
US /ɪˈreɪs/
UK /ɪˈreɪz/
- Transitive Verb
- To remove data in computer memory, tape, etc.
- To remove written information by mistake
B2TOEICMoreessential
US /ɪˈsɛnʃəl/
UK /ɪ'senʃl/
- Adjective
- Extremely or most important and necessary
- Fundamental; basic.
- Noun
- A concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants.
B1TOEICMorefamine
US /ˈfæmɪn/
UK /ˈfæmɪn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Long-lasting period of little food in an area
- A drastic food shortage in a large area or country.
B2Moreferocious
US /fəˈroʊʃəs/
UK /fəˈrəʊʃəs/
- Adjective
- Very fierce or intense
- Marked by extreme and violent energy; wild and frightening.
B2Morefungal
US /ˈfʌŋɡəl/
UK /ˈfʌŋgl/
- Adjective
- Concerning fungi
B2Moreholistic
US /hoʊˈlɪstɪk/
UK /həʊˈlɪstɪk/
- Adjective
- Involving all of something
- Relating to or concerned with wholes or with complete systems rather than with the analysis of, treatment of, or dissection into parts.
B2Moreimpact
US /ˈɪmˌpækt/
UK /'ɪmpækt/
- Noun
- A striking effect or result to hit with force
- Act or force of one thing hitting something else
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To hit or strike someone or something with force
- To have a strong effect on someone or something.
A2TOEICMorein turn
US
UK
- Adverb
- One after the other in a sequence or rotation.
A1Moreinfest
US /ɪnˈfɛst/
UK /ɪn'fest/
- Transitive Verb
- (Of bad things) to be present in in large numbers
- To live off as a parasite
C2TOEICMoreinspiration
US /ˌɪnspəˈreʃən/
UK /ˌɪnspə'reɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Force making you feel you can do things, succeed
- The power or urge that makes you want to do something, especially something creative
B1TOEICMoreinvasive
US /ɪnˈvesɪv/
UK /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/
- Adjective
- Entering the body, etc. in a destructive way
- Tending to spread aggressively; intrusive.
C1Morelead to
US /lid tu/
UK /li:d tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To result in some action
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To have something as a consequence or result.
A1Morelimit
US /ˈlɪmɪt/
UK /'lɪmɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Point beyond which it is not possible to go
- A line or edge marking the boundary of an area.
- Transitive Verb
- To stop or prevent an increase past a point
A2TOEICMorelinger
US /ˈlɪŋɡɚ/
UK /ˈlɪŋgə(r)/
- Intransitive Verb
- To take your time doing something; hang around
B2Moremajor
US /ˈmedʒɚ/
UK /'meɪdʒə(r)/
- Countable Noun
- High-ranking officer in the army
- Main subject you study at university
- Adjective
- Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
- Important, serious, or large in scope, size
A2TOEICMoremolecule
US /ˈmɑlɪˌkjul/
UK /ˈmɒlɪkju:l/
- Noun
- Two or more atoms chemically combined
B2Moreobstacle
US /ˈɑbstəkəl/
UK /ˈɒbstəkl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Object that blocks a path or course
- A difficulty or challenge that hinders progress.
B1Moreover time
US /ˈovɚ taɪm/
UK /ˈəuvə taim/
- Phrase
- Gradually; as time passes.
- During a long period.
- Adverb
- Gradually; as time passes.
B1Morepass on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- A polite way of saying 'to die'
A1Morepest control
US
UK
- Uncountable Noun
- The regulation or management of species defined as a pest.
pesticide
US /ˈpɛstɪˌsaɪd/
UK /ˈpestɪsaɪd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A chemical substance used to kill pests
- The control or management of pesticides.
- Adjective
- Relating to or treated with a pesticide.
- Relating to or having the effect of a pesticide.
B2Morequest
US /kwɛst/
UK /kwest/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Long and challenging journey to find something
- Transitive Verb
- To ask (someone) questions.
- To search or seek for something.
B2Morerapidly
US /ˈræpɪdlɪ/
UK /'ræpɪdlɪ/
- Adverb
- With great speed; quickly
B1TOEICMorerecruit
US /rɪˈkrut/
UK /rɪ'kru:t/
- Countable Noun
- Person who has just joined the military
- Person who has just begun a new activity or job
- Transitive Verb
- To convince and help people to join the military
- To find new employees, volunteers or members
B1TOEICMoreregulate
US /ˈrɛɡjəˌlet/
UK /ˈregjuleɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To control something with rules or laws
- To set/adjust (a clock, etc.); restrict motion in
A2TOEICMorerepel
US /rɪˈpɛl/
UK /rɪ'pel/
- Transitive Verb
- To make or force someone or something go away
- To cause someone to feel disgust.
B2TOEICMorereputation
US /ˌrɛpjəˈteʃən/
UK /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Common opinion that people have about someone
- A widespread belief that someone or something has a particular characteristic.
B1TOEICMoreresist
US /rɪˈzɪst/
UK /rɪ'zɪst/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To not be affected by e.g. a force or an effect
- To fight or prevent something from happening
A2TOEICMorescale
US /skel/
UK /skeɪl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Size, level, or amount when compared
- Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To change the size of but keep the proportions
- To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
A2TOEICMoresoil
US /sɔɪl/
UK /sɔɪl/
- Uncountable Noun
- Conditions in which something develops
- Mix of natural material in which plants grow
- Transitive Verb
- To get or become dirty
B1Morestaple
US /ˈstepəl/
UK /ˈsteɪpl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Main food of a particular community
- A basic food that is eaten all the time
- Transitive Verb
- To pin together using a machine and bent wire
B2TOEICMorestrict
US /strɪkt/
UK /strɪkt/
- Adjective
- Tending to enforce rules; severe
- (Of orders) that must be obeyed
A2Morestrike
US /straɪk/
UK /straɪk/
- Transitive Verb
- To hit something
- To remove or erase.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A punch or hit
- Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
A2TOEICMoresuch as
US /sʌtʃ æz/
UK /sʌtʃ æz/
- Preposition
- For example; like
A1Moretarget
US /ˈtɑrɡɪt/
UK /'tɑ:ɡɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A goal or amount you are trying to achieve
- Group you are trying to sell to or influence
- Transitive Verb
- To try to influence; direct a message toward
- (Army) to aim an attack at something
A2TOEICMoretoxic
US /ˈtɑksɪk/
UK /ˈtɒksɪk/
- Adjective
- Poisonous; harmful
- (Of relationships) harmful; causing conflict
B2Morevital
US /'vaɪtl/
UK /'vaɪtl/
- Adjective
- Needed to support life; essential
- Full of life; energetic
B1TOEICMorevulnerable
US /ˈvʌlnərəbəl/
UK /ˈvʌlnərəbl/
- Adjective
- Being open to attack or damage
- Being easily harmed, hurt, or wounded
B1More
Vocabulary
- in turn: One after the other in a sequence or rotation.
- also known as: Also called; alternatively named.
- pass on: A polite way of saying 'to die'
- lead to: To result in some action
- such as: For example; like
- over time: Gradually; as time passes.
- pest control: The regulation or management of species defined as a pest.
- carry out
- vulnerable: Being open to attack or damage
- essential: Extremely or most important and necessary
- controversial: Causing a great deal of argument, or conflict
- improve: To make, or become, something better
- impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
- encounter: To come up against a problem or trouble; meet
- alternative: Something different you can choose
- vital: Needed to support life; essential
- scale: Size, level, or amount when compared
- obstacle: Object that blocks a path or course
- strike: To hit something
- reputation: Common opinion that people have about someone
- molecule: Two or more atoms chemically combined
- devastating: To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
- demand: Desire customers have to buy product, service
- toxic: Poisonous; harmful
- awareness: Having knowledge of something
- bacteria: The very small creatures that can cause disease
- inspiration: Force making you feel you can do things, succeed
- famine: Long-lasting period of little food in an area
- staple: Main food of a particular community
- strict: Tending to enforce rules; severe
- resist: To not be affected by e.g. a force or an effect
- breed: Kind of / sort of
- quest: Long and challenging journey to find something
- regulate: To control something with rules or laws
- lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
- major: High-ranking officer in the army
- target: A goal or amount you are trying to achieve
- era: Period characterized by particular events, people
- soil: Conditions in which something develops
- recruit: Person who has just joined the military
- linger: To take your time doing something; hang around
- crop: Plants grown on a farm for food, e.g. corn or rice
- agriculture: The science of farming
- limit: Point beyond which it is not possible to go
- rapidly: With great speed; quickly
- ban: To make something illegal or not allowed
- biological: Being related to life and living things
- leave: To go away from; depart
- control: A device designed to operate a machine
- program: To make someone act or think in a certain way
- pesticide: A chemical substance used to kill pests
- invasive: Entering the body, etc. in a destructive way
- holistic: Involving all of something
- downside: Negative aspect of something
- drive: A person's ambition and motivation to do something
- burn: To destroy with fire
- ferocious: Very fierce or intense
- wide: Having a great distance from one side to the other
- repel: To make or force someone or something go away
- erase: To remove data in computer memory, tape, etc.
- beetle: Insect with a hard, usually black body and 8 legs
- infest: (Of bad things) to be present in in large numbers
- fungal: Concerning fungi
- today: This day; day that is happening now
- arsenic: Strong poison used as insecticide, etc.
- water: Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
- food: What people and animals eat to live
- ireland: An island comprising the republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
- swiss: People or things from Switzerland
- crossfire: Lively or heated interchange of ideas and opinions
- farming: To use land for raising plants or animals for food
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
【TED-Ed】Do we really need pesticides? - Fernan Pérez-Gálvez
0
Jenny posted on 2016/11/15Ever wondered if we really need pesticides? This fascinating TED-Ed video dives into the history of pest control, from the Irish Potato Famine to modern solutions like drones and biological control. You'll pick up advanced vocabulary and gain a deeper understanding of this crucial topic!
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