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  • Good morning.

  • Hmm. Sorry.

  • James from engVid. That probably raises a few questions for you.

  • "Why did he say: 'Good morning', when it could be any time in the world?"

  • Yeah. Well, I'm going to help you today, because

  • that is a common word that we use in English, but there

  • are some other words that are similar that many people make a mistake with.

  • And I'm going to help you learn them today.

  • That's "raise", "rise", "arise", "lay", and "lie".

  • Now, quick story: When I first heard this 10 years ago, I was teaching and a teacher

  • asked me: "James, why do we raise or why do we rise?" And I didn't know. I honestly didn't

  • know. Of course I know what... When to use them, but my problem was we just know because

  • we've been taught, but no one actually sits you down and said:

  • "The exact difference is this." So I had to study it.

  • And today I'm going to help you not make the mistake I made,

  • by knowing what it is and how to use it, or use them, because we have five words.

  • Let's go to the board.

  • Do I raise my hand or rise my hand?

  • Tough question if you don't know the differences between them.

  • And I'm hoping this lesson will help you. In fact,

  • by the time we're done, you should master this and be more fluent in your English use.

  • First one: "arise".

  • If you ever watched any sci-... Scientific movie, sci-fi movie, there

  • is some dead creature and some crazy magician or scientist goes: "Arise!"

  • Well, we don't quite use it like that in English; we use it a little differently. When we talk about

  • "arise", we mean something has occurred or something has happened.

  • "A few things arose when you were away on vacation."

  • That means things happened or occurred. Another way of

  • saying it is: "come up". If you look at Mr. E at the bottom of the stairs, Mr. E 2 says:

  • "Hey, come here." And he goes up the stairs, so something has come up.

  • Hey, listen, there's a couple of things that I said arose or have arisen,

  • things have come up or occurred that

  • have happened and I want to talk about them. Okay? Cool. That's "arise".

  • Now, one other thing about "arise"... Let's just talk about it for a second.

  • "Arise" is an irregular verb.

  • Irregular verb? Well, most verbs follow a simple pattern; you add "ed"

  • or add "d" to the end is past tense, there's a base form, and then there's the past participle

  • form. And, you know, looks like "ed", "ed", and regular form. Easy. Irregular verbs means

  • they don't follow that rule, so you have to change it. And unfortunately, there's no way

  • for me to teach you and say: "With every irregular verb, you must do this." They're irregular

  • because different ones look different ways. Sorry. But I'm going to help you by putting

  • it here, and you can also go and study the charts for irregular verbs. Okay? I believe

  • we have some on our engVid tools you can use or resources.

  • So, "arise", as I said, "come up", is an irregular verb; it doesn't follow the regular rules.

  • So you're going to have to pay attention when I show you how it's spelt. The second thing

  • I have here is intransitive. I spelt it over here for you, but intransitive.

  • "Intransitive", well, "trans" in English... Or, sorry. Latin means across.

  • It means it goes from one place to another.

  • An intransitive verb means it doesn't take a direct object. Huh?

  • Well, here's the example of transitive verb: "I love".

  • If you're sitting there, you're probably thinking

  • to yourself: "You love what? Ice cream? Football? Your mother? Your shoes?" Well, with a transitive

  • verb, it takes an object or a direct object, meaning it has an effect on something else.

  • "I love you." Yeah, I do, engVid watcher, I love you.

  • You are my object, my love goes to you. That's what a transitive verb means,

  • so the verb has to carry across to an object.

  • While, an interested verb... Intransitive verb doesn't need that. All right?

  • Well, I'll give you an example in a second because we have a few on the board. But in this case,

  • "arise" is an intransitive verb. All right? You don't need to have an object with it.

  • Okay?

  • Here, I'm going to give you the forms.

  • "Arise" is present tense, "arose" is past tense, and

  • when you use the past perfect or present perfect, use "arisen". Okay?

  • Problems have arisen.

  • They arose last week. They will arise... And that's a future tense. Okay? Here's an example

  • for you. Pay attention. I'm going to go low, real low.

  • "A few problems have arisen since I started the project." Okay.

  • Let's look at the next word. It looks like "arise" and it's "rise".

  • Similar, but a little different.

  • "Rise" means to get higher. Look at Mr. E. He's lying down. If you can imagine

  • I'm lying on a bed, if I rise, I lift myself up and I come to a higher position. So you're

  • here and you go higher. Now, "rise" is also an irregular verb.

  • See? It's irregular. What do you mean by "irregular"?

  • Well, remember what I said before? It doesn't follow the

  • same grammar rules of adding just an "s" or a "d". In this case, we have "rise", which

  • is present tense, "rose", which is past tense, and "risen", which is the perfect tense. Okay?

  • To give you in a sentence to help you understand it:

  • "Please rise for the national anthem."

  • Huh? Well, there's probably two words you don't know, so let's explain them.

  • "National anthem", a "nation" comes from "nation" or "country".

  • "Anthem" is the song for the country.

  • Most countries have a song that represents their country, so when they go to sporting

  • events or the Prime Minister or President is in the country, they play this special

  • song and everybody will stand up, and show their respect to their leader or respect for

  • their country. In Canada, it's called "O Canada".

  • Yeah, very original. Canada. O, Canada! It's

  • like we just remembered we live here. Okay, I didn't make it up.

  • So, when they say: "Please rise for the national anthem."

  • I'm going to go higher. I'm going to get my bum up and stand up:

  • "O Canada", yeah, O Canada, I couldn't figure that out. [Laughs].

  • Okay? So we rise,

  • we stand for the national anthem or we get higher. And that's what "rise" means.

  • Now, let's do the last one, which kind of looks funny, because it looks similar, but

  • there's a difference, there's an "a", and it's "raise". Now, this one means to get higher,

  • but "raise" means to make higher or bring up children. Well, that almost sounds the

  • same. No. To get higher, in this case, when we "rise", you do it.

  • When you "raise" something, you make something else do it, and that's what I put, bring up children.

  • You can't make children get taller. You raise them, you help them as they get bigger.

  • So, they are not doing it themselves; you help by giving them food and water, and a place to live. Okay?

  • So you're helping make something occur or happen, which is different than you doing

  • it yourself. Well, let's take a look at "raise" then. Funny enough, it's the only regular

  • verb here. It's regular, meaning it follows the rules. Its base form is this, and its

  • past and its past participle is just add "ed". Easy enough. Easy to remember.

  • Now, look at this, when you think about rising out of bed, you do it yourself. Right? Example:

  • I rise at 6am.

  • I know it's a bit formal, and if you say it, they'll go:

  • "Okay, you rise. The rest of us get up."

  • But you rise at 6am. You're saying: "I get myself up out of bed at 6:00."

  • That's early. But if you "raise" something, you make it happen. What do you mean?

  • Well, look here: "They raised the price."

  • Trust me, the price didn't wake up one morning and go:

  • "I'm 1.50. Today 1.75."

  • It doesn't work like that. Somebody physically went:

  • -"A 1.50, you're now 1.75." -"Okay, I am raised."

  • Somebody moved it. So, "raised" means somebody

  • has moved it, "rise" means it does it itself, and "to arise" means to occur. They all have

  • the similar meaning that things are getting higher, because if you look here, Mr. E goes

  • up the stairs and goes higher; if you look here, somebody raised it, E,

  • E with the force. "Hiya." Okay?

  • He raised. And this way, it's like a ghost, E is coming up by himself. Cool?

  • So, we've got that under control.

  • Let's do the next two. Are you ready? Let's go to the board.

  • Making sure we remember irregular

  • and intransitive. Good, we did that here. Don't forget, you have to recall it; remember it.

  • "Lie" versus "lay".

  • I've been told this is, like, one of the hardest word combinations

  • for most people learning a language, simply because... Well, you'll see in a second. They're

  • kind of connected in a way, and they shouldn't be, but this is English. "Lie" means to recline.

  • Huh? Yeah. Another difficult word. What the heck does "recline" mean? Well, imagine you're

  • about to go into bed, you put your leg up on the bed, you sit back, and then you do this.

  • That's reclining. I'm reclining. I can't recline much more, because I will hit the

  • floor. Okay? But I'm lying down. And then I do this. Ah. [Yawns]. And I go to sleep.

  • "Reclined" means a flat position. "To recline" means you make yourself recline. I lie on

  • the bed. You should go lie on the bed. Does this sound familiar?

  • Yeah. Remember we talked about "rise",

  • when something rises, it does it itself? Yeah. It does it itself, and you

  • lie yourself. People cannot make you lie down.

  • "I will make you lie down!" No, I will lie down. Okay?

  • So, I will make myself go down, I will recline. All right?

  • Now, "lie" is an irregular verb. Yeah, I'm sorry, I told you. There were, like, no regular

  • ones; just this little puppy over here. That's the problem, because now you have all these

  • spelling things you have to remember. But life's not easy, nor is English, but

  • you're tough so let's get back here.

  • So, "lie", we have "lie", "lay", and "lain". "I have lain.

  • I have lain with the princess before." Right. No one says this. Okay? But look, I have a

  • star, or it's called asterisks like ass, terisks. So, if you can remember that, that'll help

  • you. Don't slap your butt when you say: "I'm going to put an asterisks here." [Laughs].

  • The teachers will go: "Please don't touch yourself." Okay?

  • But I'll come to that in a second, because you'll see there's a second one we have to talk about. So these are the

  • irregular forms of "lie". Okay? Now, here's an example: "I'm tired. I'm going to lie down."

  • No one will carry you and put you in the bed; you will physically go over and lie down.

  • We're cool, right? Yeah. Simple enough. Easy. Here's me, lying on the bed. I am now reclined.

  • I have a small problem, I am not smiling. I should be smiling. I'm lying down. Okay?

  • And I need to lie down, because the rest of this lesson gets a little bit confusing, but

  • if you pay attention,

  • [snaps],

  • it will be easy. And that snap does not mean test yet.

  • Wait. First finish the lesson.

  • "Lay".

  • "Lay", okay.

  • Uh-oh. I saw "lay" here. Wait, wait. I told you, wait.

  • "Lay" means to put down or place something. So, when I lay the pen on my hand, I place it there.

  • Do you remember when I said "rise", you do it yourself? Well, when you lay something,

  • you have to do it with something else. You have to... That's right. Now we're going to

  • find out it's transitive. Huh? Told you it'd come up. "Transitive" means there's an object.

  • You have to lay something. Okay? When you lie down, that's it. "I'm going to lie down",

  • boom. I don't need anything else; I am the object itself, intransit-... Intransitive.

  • No problem. "Lay" means you are doing something to something else, so you need an object.

  • I lay my coat on the bed. All right? I lay the glass on the table. I need an object,

  • something's got to move.

  • So that's something for you to remember: When you use "lay", there should be something, an object.

  • We look here again, and we talked about transitive, but look at irregular. Why did I say "irregular"?

  • You know those are two things here, but here, there's no "e". Remember before, I said with

  • regular verbs, you either add a "d" or an "ed", and that's how it's regular? In this

  • case, it's "id". Sorry. Once again, it's the English language.

  • So, "lay" and "laid". But do you remember we talked about the two axeterisk-...?

  • Astericksss? One, two. And look carefully,

  • you'll see the same word is used in two different places.

  • "But James, they're totally different verbs." Yeah. Here's why:

  • In this case, "lay" is the past of "lie". Okay?

  • "He lay on the bed for hours", it's the past of "lie".

  • In this case, it's a verb by itself.

  • Don't ask me why.

  • I would love to explain to you why this happened, who did it. There's some guy

  • right now, he's dead, he's laughing his ass off. You remember the ass thing? He's like:

  • "[Laughs].

  • 'Lay' is 'lay', 'lay' is 'lay', 'lay' is 'lay'",

  • knowing that you're coming to Canada, going:

  • "I lay on the bed. Is this right?

  • And I lay the pen down. Why? I don't understand.

  • You tell me I do, now the pen does. I am so confused."

  • Yeah, I know. So take a breath, and just remember simply:

  • "Lay" is used twice. When we talk about "lie",

  • it is the past. Okay? Of "lie", "lay".

  • But "lay" is a verb by itself that has its own

  • meaning, and the meaning is completely different. If you are moving a thing and putting it or

  • placing it somewhere else, you must use "lay".

  • Clear. If you are doing it by yourself, like

  • going to bed and lying down, you use "lie".

  • And you use "lay" only in the past tense.

  • Sorry, folks, this is something you have to remember and understand, because there's no

  • real... There's no real rule why. It's just that's the way it is. Okay?

  • If it helps at all: "Lay" is transitive, and I've explained you must make something else, and you must

  • mention the object. So if there are two things, use "lay": "I lay the pen on the bed."

  • or "She lay her blouse on the grass." Okay?

  • "Lie" is just for you, intransitive. "Go lie down."

  • You don't need to say anything else. All right? Now,

  • the examples, of course.

  • I did: "I'm tired. I'm going to lay down", here, or "lie down".

  • Now, when we talk about "lay", here: "Please lay the book on the table."

  • And you'll notice here, I use "lay", okay. We got "book", we got "table".

  • Subject... Well, not subject. You are the subject, here. Right?

  • You're not talking about you, you're not here, but: "Please lay the book on the table."

  • We're talking about the book which receives the action.

  • Okay? Those are the two things. You're the subject and "book". Here:

  • "I'm going to lie down." With what? With where? With whom? Doesn't matter. Just me. Cool? All right.

  • It's time for the quiz.

  • Ready?

  • [Snaps].

  • Okay. Listen, there are a couple of things I lied to you about. "Hmm? You're not reclining."

  • No, I'm not reclining, because I want to teach you another meaning for "lie" that you may

  • not be aware of or you may not know.

  • "Lie" has two meanings. The first one we talked

  • about, lie down, recline, go back. The second is to not tell the truth. This means what

  • I'm saying to you is not real. I'll give you an example. Look at me now. Okay. Close your eyes.

  • Open them. I am now a seven-foot tall, blonde hair, blue-eyed NBA basketball star.

  • Yeah, it's not true. You can tell that, right? Yeah.

  • I lied to you. I didn't tell you the truth. I told you something that is not real.

  • So, you have to be careful and listen to the

  • context, because in the context of someone is lying to you... "Lie" can be a noun or

  • a verb. Right? It means not telling the truth.

  • "He's lying to you. Don't believe him." Verb.

  • "He told me a lie." I used an article before the word "lie".

  • So just watch out for that

  • by listening to the context. If I say: "If you're tired, you need to go lie down",

  • recline.

  • "You're not tired, stop lying to me." or:

  • "You told me a lie when you said you were tired."

  • context means: Hey, don't sleep, tell the truth. Cool? All right.

  • Let's look at "raise", which is another word with two meanings that, you know... This one

  • is funny, it's kind of related, but not. But pay attention, because once again, context

  • and in this case, especially an article, will help you. "Raise" makes... Means to make something

  • go higher. We discussed that, so you know.

  • If someone said: "I got a raise", it means

  • an increase in pay. So, if you're making, say, $10 an hour, you might make $12. Your

  • pay has been increased. Somebody has made something go higher, your pay. But in this

  • case, it's a noun. So when your friend goes:

  • "Hey, I got a raise at work. I can afford the new car."

  • nobody put them in the chair and lifted them higher; they gave them more

  • money. Okay? So listen for that article, and you'll know it's not the verb usage. Are we good?

  • Those are some helpful hints. Now it's time for our quiz. All right?

  • We're going to do this one to make sure you're ready for the big quiz. See how strong you are.

  • Let's go to the board.

  • "Some questions about the new rules __________ (arose/raised) in the meeting."

  • Which one do you think it would be?

  • Well, something happened at the meeting. Right?

  • Something came up. And we remember when something comes up or happened, we should use "arose".

  • And I don't mean the kiss... The kiss. The Seal song,

  • [Sings a tune].

  • Batman fan, anyone?

  • I'm wearing the cuffs. Anyway. Seriously though, I'm wearing Batman cuffs.

  • Yeah. Some of you have watched my videos before, and you'll go: "He's a freak."

  • [Laughs]. Other people,

  • yeah, get used to me. Okay, so "arose".

  • Let's look at the next one:

  • "They __________ (lay) the blanket on the floor.

  • They __________ (lie) the blanket on the floor."

  • Which one?

  • Okay, they "lay".

  • Remember we talked about "lie" is when you recline, and "lay"

  • is when you place something? Well, they're putting the blanket... See when I changed

  • the word to "put", I can put "placing", I can say "lay".

  • So: "They lay the blanket on the floor." Cool.

  • Let's do number three. What do you think? Will it be "rise" or "raise"?

  • "I got a __________ (rise/raise) last week."

  • "Rise" or "raise"?

  • If you were listening to

  • me carefully, I said: "Look out for those articles."

  • So was it a pay rise?

  • No. It was a pay "raise". You got more money, congratulations.

  • I want some.

  • [Laughs]. Okay.

  • And now, last but not least:

  • "Please __________ (raise/rise) your hand if you have a question."

  • Would it be: "Raise your hand" or "Rise your hand"?

  • Hmm. That's good.

  • But actually it's this one,

  • "raise", because you're going to

  • make your hand go higher. Good try, though. Three out of four. And some of you I know

  • got four out of four, congratulations.

  • But, you know, if you want to work this a little bit more, watch the video again. Or

  • we can go and do the big boy quiz. Big person quiz, sorry. 21st century.

  • The big person quiz at where? Well,

  • www.eng as in English...

  • I always get that wrong. I don't know, for you guys, it's eng as in English,

  • v, vid as in video.com (www.engvid.com),

  • where there's the larger quiz and other videos you can watch. Once again, don't forget to subscribe

  • somewhere here, and thank you.

  • It's always a pleasure helping you, and we look forward to your questions,

  • comments, compliments, mm, concerns. I'm good to say that?

  • And I'll see you soon, okay?

  • Do the quiz.

Good morning.

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