Vocabulary

• on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
• thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
• have to: Must do
• instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
• arising from: Originating from; being caused by.
• under normal circumstances: Typically; usually; in the absence of unusual factors or conditions.
• on to: Toward something; forward
• in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
• at a cost: Involving loss or sacrifice.
• other places: Different locations or areas
• at present: Currently; now
• process: To organize and use data in a computer
• present: Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
• trigger: Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
• extreme: Very great in degree
• precious: Having a youthful, cute, and pleasant appearance
• hypothetical: Thought up, as an example; not being a real case
• pressure: Anxiety caused by difficult problems
• compound: Series of buildings that are walled or fenced off
• commodity: Something useful or valuable, usually for sale
• mimic: Someone who tries to act like another person
• estimate: Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
• crust: Hard outer layer of something, e.g. the earth
• collapse: To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
• occur: To come to pass or to happen
• pile: Large amount of something
• reach: To come to or arrive at a goal or destination
• subsequent: Happening after; later
• contrast: To compare; to show clear, obvious differences
• seemingly: Appearing to be but may not actually be; probably
• form: Sports team or person's current winning record
• extract: Essential ingredient of a natural thing
• debris: Remains of something broken or destroyed
• core: To take out the central section of a fruit
• expand: To make something larger in size, number, amount
• medieval: Old or out of date and not of much use
• planet: One of the bodies that orbit the sun
• deliver: To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
• eradicate: To remove or destroy something completely
• capture: To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
• tap: To access a liquid (e.g. in a tree) through a hole
• lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
• oxygen: A gas in the air that we need to breathe
• dissolve: To cause something to end
• element: Essential or particular part of something
• produce: Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
• bounce: A person's energy or confidence
• wealth: Amount of money or possessions you own, e.g. large
• energy: Physical or mental strength
• treasure: Valuable things collected, and often hidden
• portray: To play a character in theater or on film
• bury: To put something into the ground and cover it
• transform: To change the shape completely in a good way
• simple: Not hard to understand or do; not complex
• fusion: Combining various things to make something new
• point: An item to be discussed
• stellar: Very brilliant; very successful or good
• make: To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
• gravitational: Concerning the force of gravity
• fast: In a way that is difficult to move or change
• vastly: To an exceedingly great extent or degree
• mining: To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
• embed: To place or set inside rock, etc.
• minuscule: Very, very small
• light: To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
• extraterrestrial: Originating, located or occurring outside Earth
• geothermal: Sourcing heat from the center of the Earth
• earth: Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
• mine: That thing that belongs to me
• interstellar: Being in the space between stars or star systems
• helium: Light, colorless gaseous element with no smell
• covet: To strongly desire something another person has
• transformation: A complete change in shape or form of something
• heavy: Greater in amount, degree, or severity than usual
• nickel: American coin worth 5 cents
• rocky: (Of a marriage, etc.) involving many difficulties
• outer: Far away
• elemental: Being basic and important
• supernova: Large exploding star that is extremely bright
• shockwave: A wave of energy (e.g. after an earthquake)