Vocabulary

• thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
• in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
• instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
• as long as: For the period that; provided that.
• based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
• talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
• other than: Except for; apart from.
• look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
• on schedule: According to the timetable; not delayed.
• show up: To arrive or be seen at a place, e.g. a party
• on the internet: Located or available on the internet.
• bushels of: A large quantity of something.
• culminate in: To reach the highest point or final stage; to result in.
• shift in: A change or alteration in something.
• wait for: To wait until someone comes, or something happens
• also known as: Also called; alternatively named.
• pass on: A polite way of saying 'to die'
• outside of: Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
• claim to fame: A characteristic or achievement someone is famous or known for.
• come before: To happen or exist earlier in time than something else.
• taken over: To gain control of (a company) from someone else
• very much so: To a great extent; indeed
• come on in: An invitation to enter a place.
• by definition: Inherently; as an essential quality or characteristic.
• for one thing: Used to introduce a reason for something.
• for some reason: For a reason that is not known or not easily explained.
• lop off: To remove a part by cutting it off sharply.
• have to: Must do
• awesome: Great; wonderful; stupendous
• shift: To change in position or direction
• brutal: Extremely violent or mean
• social: Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
• era: Period characterized by particular events, people
• monumental: (Mistake/waste of time) huge; very big; severe
• important: Having power or authority
• flood: To quickly appear unexpectedly and in volume
• lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
• tan: A light brown color
• empire: Group of countries controlled by one government
• world: All the humans, events, activities on the earth
• code: To express information in a series of numbers
• globe: A round object, e.g. like the earth; sphere
• shepherd: Person's name
• hay: Dry grass used as food for animals
• conquest: Land or a nation won or taken by force, an army
• law: Field of study that relates to the legal profession
• plan: Drawing of how something should be done or made
• people: Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
• pastor: Minister in charge of a Christian church or group
• history: Established pattern or record
• soy: Food substance made from soya beans
• mark: Person's name
• territorial: Associated with the ownership of an area
• early: Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
• talk: Style of speaking
• do: To act; to perform actions
• write: To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
• nomadic: Living by moving from place to place
• intro: Opening part of a text or piece of music
• showdown: Game or contest where final result will be decided
• smart: Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
• music: Sounds that are sung or played to give pleasure
• week: Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday
• socialism: Political system with state control/free benefits
• eye: The part of the body that you see with
• neo: A prefix meaning 'recent' or 'new'
• polo: Game in which horseback riders try to score goals
• referencing: To cite a piece of research in speech or writing
• gran: Your mother or father's mother
• twain: (Literary) two of something; two people
• para: Shortened form of paragraph
• hoy: Flat-bottom boat for carrying heavy loads