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  • Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, I'm going to teach you a little bit about

  • speaking. I'm going to teach you some expressions that can really help you if you're giving

  • presentations, if you're taking the TOEFL, if you're taking the IELTS, or just generally

  • for business English and also in university classes. Okay? So these are all going to be

  • expressions you can use when you speak.

  • Now, the expressions I'm talking about specifically are expressions you can use after you've finished

  • talking, just to, sort of, conclude. Okay? So these are ways to say, "In conclusion."

  • So I have here two expressions: "In conclusion", "thus". Okay? I don't know if you've ever

  • seen these expressions before, but if you've written an essay, you've probably seen these.

  • These come at the very end of an essay. In speech, we don't really use these. Okay?

  • "In conclusion" and "thus", they're very, very formal, and so they sound a little strange.

  • Okay? If you are a university professor, yeah. Maybe you'll use this. But for most people,

  • they're not so common. So when we speak, we don't really use these. We use these in writing,

  • not speaking. Okay?

  • So I want you to imagine this. Imagine I am giving a speech. I'm giving a presentation,

  • and I'm talking about why dogs are great pets. Okay? So imagine this. I've told you first,

  • dogs are very loyal. They're man's best friend. Maybe I've talked a little bit about how cute

  • dogs are, how they're so obedient, they listen to their owners, and how they really help

  • people. You know, they help people who are blind. They help people who are lonely. They

  • help people, you know, for herding sheep. There are a lot of things that dogs do. So

  • imagine I give a whole presentation about dogs. Now, at the very end, I really want

  • to just say one more time how great dogs are. Well, I can use any of these expressions to

  • show that.

  • So for example, "to sum up". Okay. So I've just talked a lot about dogs. At the very

  • end, I might say something like, "To sum up, dogs are great pets." Okay? I might also say,

  • "Yeah. You know, dogs are loyal, so they make great pets." I might say, "In a nutshell,

  • dogs make excellent pets." I really do like this expression, by the way. It's a common

  • idiom. And it's pretty interesting because "nutshell" -- I don't know the history of

  • it, but "in nutshell" means pretty much the same as "in conclusion".

  • We can also say "the bottom line". "The bottom line is dogs make excellent pets." If I've

  • given a lot of reasons -- you know, "dogs are clean; they're cute; they're smart". For these

  • reasons, dogs make excellent pets." And finally, "All in all". It's like from that Pink Floyd

  • song, "All in all, there's just another brick in the wall." "All in all", again, means "in

  • conclusion". And we use it a lot in speech. "All in all, dogs make wonderful pets." Okay.

  • So these expressions are very, very useful for when you're doing presentations, in business

  • meetings. If you ever take the TOEFL or IELTS, you can use these if the examiner asks you

  • a question. To finish off your answer, these are all wonderful expressions.

  • So all in all, use these expressions. They're great. In a nutshell, these expressions mean

  • the same thing as "in conclusion" and "thus". The bottom line is, don't use these expressions;

  • use these when you're speaking to finish off your answer or to finish what you're saying.

  • Okay?

  • So I invite you to come visit our website at www.engvid.com. There, you will find a

  • quiz where you can practice all of these expressions. You can also subscribe to my YouTube channel.

  • Thank you for watching this video, and until next time, take care.

Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, I'm going to teach you a little bit about

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