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Vocabulary

  • evidence of: Facts, objects, or signs that make you believe that something is true.
  • at least: As a minimum
  • point in time: A specific moment or instance when something occurs or exists.
  • in time: Eventually; after a period of time.
  • in the running: Having a chance of winning; still in contention.
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • cave in: To give in to pressure
  • in terms of
  • at some point: At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • answer to: To be responsible to someone and have to explain your actions to them.
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • of age: Having reached the legal age of adulthood.
  • the following: Next in order or sequence.
  • stick around: To remain in place; not leave or go
  • instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
  • together with: In addition to; along with.
  • in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
  • all the things: Everything; all items or aspects
  • a wide array: A large and impressive collection or range of things.
  • as long as: For the period that; provided that.
  • know about: To have information or understanding of a subject or situation.
  • in mind: Being aware of or considering something.
  • spot on: Exactly right; perfectly accurate.
  • come for: To arrive to collect someone or something.
  • common ancestor: An ancestor that two or more species have in common and from which they both evolved.
  • take on: To acquire a new characteristic
  • on to: Toward something; forward
  • in the neighborhood of: Approximately or about a certain amount or distance.
  • come from: To have as your native country or city
  • for sure: Definitely; certainly; without a doubt.
  • food source: A place or thing from which food is obtained.
  • based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
  • few steps: A small number of steps; a short distance.
  • in favor of: Expressing support or approval for someone or something.
  • have to: Must do
  • same time: Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
  • eventually: After a long time; after many attempts; in the end
  • process: To organize and use data in a computer
  • debate: General public discussion of a topic
  • evidence: Factual proof that helps to establish the truth
  • journey: Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
  • ancient: Very old; having lived a very long time ago
  • develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
  • booze: Alcohol; alcoholic drink
  • bacteria: The very small creatures that can cause disease
  • beverage: A drink other than water
  • mean: Average of a set of numbers
  • remain: To be left behind; to continue to exist
  • direct: To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
  • genetic: Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
  • brew: A beer; a drink of beer
  • region: Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.
  • grain: Seeds of plants used for food
  • pretty: Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • intervention: Getting involved to solve a disagreement, problem
  • agriculture: The science of farming
  • lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
  • starch: Substance in food changed to energy in the body
  • alcohol: A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
  • role: Character played by an actor
  • ferment: To go through a chemical change to make alcohol
  • palm: Inner area of a person's hand
  • analyze: To study carefully to find out the meaning of
  • feast: Religious celebration
  • social: Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
  • poke: To give a push, thrust, or jab
  • linguistic: Of or relating to language
  • crop: Plants grown on a farm for food, e.g. corn or rice
  • root: Emotional connection with a place, history etc.
  • wild: In a manner which lacks control
  • original: Being first made, thought or performed; fresh
  • analysis: Careful study to better understand something
  • fermentation: Chemical change that produces alcohol in a liquid
  • important: Having power or authority
  • order: Religious or social group, as of nuns
  • fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
  • acid: Sour substance that reacts with metals e.g. lemon
  • modern: Of the present time; up to date; contemporary
  • point: An item to be discussed
  • naturally: In the expected or usual way
  • nutritional: (Of foods) having positive effects on your health
  • yeast: A single-celled fungi used to make bread and beer
  • clay: Heavy sticky earth used to make pottery
  • find: To become aware of something that is happening
  • question: To ask for or try to get information
  • make: To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • include: To make someone, something part of a group
  • rank: To rate or class things
  • bacterium: The very small creatures that can cause disease
  • alcoholic: Containing alcohol; that can make you drunk
  • sap: Foolish person who is easy to trick
  • cider: Alcoholic drink made from fermented fruit (apples)
  • domesticate: To train an animal as a pet or to do work; tame
  • distillation: Production of a pure form by heating liquid
  • archaeological: Concerning the study of ancient societies
  • grape: Fruit from which wine is made
  • proto: Indicating the first or earliest or original
  • beeswax: Yellow wax made by honeybees to build honeycombs
  • mead: Alcoholic drink made from honey
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • a wide array

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • A large and impressive collection or range of things.
      A1
      More
    • acid

      US /ˈæsɪd/

      UK /ˈæsɪd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Sour substance that reacts with metals e.g. lemon
      A2
      More
    • agriculture

      US /ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltʃɚ/

      UK /ˈægrɪkʌltʃə(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The science of farming
      • The study of farming and related sciences.
      A2
      More
    • alcohol

      US /ˈælkəˌhɔl,-ˌhɑl/

      UK /'ælkəhɒl/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
      • Drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer
      B1
      More
    • alcoholic

      US /ˌælkəˈhɔlɪk, -ˈhɑlɪk/

      UK /ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Containing alcohol; that can make you drunk
      • Relating to, containing, or caused by alcohol.
      • Noun
      • Person who drinks too much alcohol
      • A drink containing alcohol.
      B1
      More
    • all the things

      US

      UK

      • Pronoun
      • Everything; all items or aspects
      • Determiner
      • Every item or object being considered or discussed.
      A1
      More
    • analysis

      US /əˈnælɪsɪs/

      UK /əˈnæləsɪs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Careful study to better understand something
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • analyze

      US /ˈænəˌlaɪz/

      UK /'ænəlaɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To study carefully to find out the meaning of
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • ancient

      US /ˈenʃənt/

      UK /'eɪnʃənt/

      • Adjective
      • Very old; having lived a very long time ago
      • Relating to a period in history, especially in the distant past.
      • Noun
      • A person who lived in ancient times.
      A2
      More
    • answer to

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To be responsible to someone and have to explain your actions to them.
      • To correspond to or match a description or requirement.
      A1
      More
    • archaeological

      US /ˌɑ:kɪr'lɒdʒɪkl/

      UK /ˌɑ:kɪə'lɒdʒɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the study of ancient societies
      C1
      More
    • as long as

      US /æz lɔŋ æz/

      UK /æz lɔŋ æz/

      • Conjunction
      • For the period that; provided that.
      • For the length of time that
      • Preposition
      • On the condition that; providing that.
      • Having the same length as.
      A1
      More
    • at least

      US /æt list/

      UK /æt li:st/

      • Adverb
      • As a minimum
      • Not less than
      • Phrase
      • No less than; at the minimum
      • Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
      C2
      More
    • at some point

      US /æt sʌm pɔɪnt/

      UK /æt sʌm pɔint/

      • Phrase
      • At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
      A1
      More
    • bacteria

      US /bækˈtɪriə/

      UK /bæk'tɪərɪə/

      • Noun (plural)
      • The very small creatures that can cause disease
      B2
      More
    • bacterium

      US /bækˈtɪriəm/

      UK /bæk'tɪərɪəm/

      • Countable Noun
      • The very small creatures that can cause disease
      B2
      More
    • based on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
      • Preposition
      • Using something as the main idea or foundation.
      • Relying on something as evidence or justification.
      A1
      More
    • beeswax

      US /ˈbizˌwæks/

      UK /ˈbi:zwæks/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Yellow wax made by honeybees to build honeycombs
      C2
      More
    • beverage

      US /ˈbɛvərɪdʒ, ˈbɛvrɪdʒ/

      UK /ˈbevərɪdʒ/

      • Countable Noun
      • A drink other than water
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • booze

      US /buz/

      UK /bu:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Alcohol; alcoholic drink
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To drink alcohol, especially in large quantities.
      B2
      More
    • brew

      US /bru/

      UK /bru:/

      • Countable Noun
      • A beer; a drink of beer
      • A mixture or concoction
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make an alcoholic drink e.g. beer
      • To make tea by soaking the leaves in boiling water
      B1
      More
    • cave in

      US /kev ɪn/

      UK /keiv in/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To give in to pressure
      • To collapse inwards.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To collapse or fall inward.
      • To yield or give way under pressure.
      B1
      More
    • cider

      US /ˈsaɪdɚ/

      UK /ˈsaɪdə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Alcoholic drink made from fermented fruit (apples)
      B2
      More
    • clay

      US /kle/

      UK /kleɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Heavy sticky earth used to make pottery
      • Proper Noun
      • Person's name
      B1
      More
    • come for

      US /kʌm fɔr/

      UK /kʌm fɔ:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To arrive to collect someone or something.
      • To attack someone.
      A1
      More
    • come from

      US /kʌm frʌm/

      UK /kʌm frɔm/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have as your native country or city
      A1
      More
    • common ancestor

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • An ancestor that two or more species have in common and from which they both evolved.
      B1
      More
    • crop

      US /krɑp/

      UK /krɒp/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Plants grown on a farm for food, e.g. corn or rice
      • Section of short, thick hair
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cut something to a shorter length or size
      • To cut (something, especially hair) short.
      B1
      More
    • debate

      US / dɪˈbet/

      UK /dɪ'beɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • General public discussion of a topic
      • A formal event where two sides discuss a topic
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To consider options before making a decision
      • To take part in a formal discussion
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • direct

      US /dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ-/

      UK /də'rekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
      • To show the way by conducting or leading
      • Adverb
      • Coming straight from something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • distillation

      US /ˌdɪstəˈleʃən/

      UK /ˌdɪstɪ'leɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Production of a pure form by heating liquid
      B2
      More
    • domesticate

      US /dəˈmɛstɪˌket/

      UK /də'mestɪkeɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To train an animal as a pet or to do work; tame
      • To breed a plant to be used or consumed by humans
      C1
      More
    • eventually

      US /ɪˈvɛntʃuəli/

      UK /ɪˈventʃuəli/

      • Adverb
      • After a long time; after many attempts; in the end
      • At some later time; in the future
      A2
      More
    • evidence of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Facts, objects, or signs that make you believe that something is true.
      • Something that shows that something else exists or is true.
      A1
      More
    • feast

      US /fist/

      UK /fi:st/

      • Noun
      • Religious celebration
      • Special meal with large amounts of food and drink
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To eat a large special meal often in celebration
      B1
      More
    • ferment

      US / fɚˈmɛnt/

      UK /'fɜ:ment/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To go through a chemical change to make alcohol
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • fermentation

      US /ˌfə:mənˈteʃən, -mɛn-/

      UK /ˌfɜ:men'teɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical change that produces alcohol in a liquid
      B2
      More
    • few steps

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • A small number of steps; a short distance.
      B1
      More
    • food source

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • A place or thing from which food is obtained.
      B2
      More
    • for sure

      US /fɔr ʃʊr/

      UK /fɔ: ʃuə/

      • Adverb
      • Definitely; certainly; without a doubt.
      • Used to emphasize a statement.
      • Interjection
      • An expression of strong agreement or affirmation.
      A2
      More
    • genetic

      US /dʒəˈnɛtɪk/

      UK /dʒəˈnetɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
      • Relating to genes or heredity.
      B1
      More
    • grain

      US /ɡren/

      UK /greɪn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Seeds of plants used for food
      • Natural pattern in something, e.g. wood
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • grape

      US /ɡrep/

      UK /greɪp/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Fruit from which wine is made
      B2
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in favor of

      US /ɪn ˈfevɚ ʌv/

      UK /in ˈfeivə ɔv/

      • Phrase
      • Expressing support or approval for someone or something.
      • To the advantage of; benefiting.
      • Preposition
      • Supporting or approving of something.
      • To the advantage of; to the benefit of.
      A1
      More
    • in mind

      US /ɪn maɪnd/

      UK /in maind/

      • Phrase
      • Being aware of or considering something.
      • To remember or consider something.
      A2
      More
    • in order to

      US /ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tu/

      UK /in ˈɔ:də tu:/

      • Preposition
      • For the purpose of; with the aim of.
      • Phrase
      • In a specific sequence or arrangement.
      • With the aim of; for the purpose of.
      C1
      More
    • in terms of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
      A1
      More
    • in the neighborhood of

      US /ɪn ðə ˈneɪbɚˌhʊd ʌv/

      UK /in ðə ˈneibəhʊd ɔv/

      • other
      • Approximately or about a certain amount or distance.
      B2
      More
    • in the running

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Having a chance of winning; still in contention.
      More
    • in time

      US /ɪn taɪm/

      UK /in taim/

      • Adverb
      • Eventually; after a period of time.
      • Not late; with enough time to spare.
      • Phrase
      • Eventually; before it is too late.
      • According to the scheduled time; punctual.
      A1
      More
    • instead of

      US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/

      UK /inˈsted ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • When one thing is replaced by another
      • Adverb
      • As a substitute or alternative.
      A1
      More
    • intervention

      US /ˌɪntə'venʃn/

      UK /ˌɪntə'venʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Getting involved to solve a disagreement, problem
      • The use of military force by a country in another country's internal affairs.
      B1
      More
    • journey

      US /ˈdʒɚni/

      UK /'dʒɜ:nɪ/

      • Noun
      • Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To travel through a place
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • know about

      US /noʊ əˈbaʊt/

      UK /nəʊ əˈbaut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have information or understanding of a subject or situation.
      More
    • linguistic

      US /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/

      UK /lɪŋˈgwɪstɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Of or relating to language
      • Relating to the scientific study of language.
      B1
      More
    • mead

      US /mi:d/

      UK /mi:d/

      • Noun
      • Alcoholic drink made from honey
      C1
      More
    • naturally

      US /ˈnætʃərəli, ˈnætʃrə-/

      UK /ˈnætʃrəli/

      • Adverb
      • In the expected or usual way
      • Without the aid of someone or something
      A2
      More
    • nutritional

      US /njuˈtrɪʃənl:/

      UK /njʊ'trɪʃənl/

      • Adjective
      • (Of foods) having positive effects on your health
      B1
      More
    • of age

      US /əv eɪdʒ/

      UK /əv eɪdʒ/

      • other
      • Having reached the legal age of adulthood.
      A2
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • on to

      US /ɑn tu/

      UK /ɔn tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Toward something; forward
      • Aware of someone's activities.
      • Adjective
      • Aware of someone's deception or illegal activities.
      A1
      More
    • original

      US /əˈrɪdʒənəl/

      UK /ə'rɪdʒənl/

      • Adjective
      • Being first made, thought or performed; fresh
      • Being unique or thinking differently from others
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A work of art, writing, or music that is not a copy.
      • A person of fresh initiative or inventiveness.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • palm

      US /pɑ:m/

      UK /pɑ:m/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Inner area of a person's hand
      • Tropical tree with large leaves only at its top
      • Transitive Verb
      • To hide something in your hand
      • To push someone way with your hand
      B1
      More
    • point in time

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • A specific moment or instance when something occurs or exists.
      • A significant juncture or stage in history or a sequence of events.
      A1
      More
    • poke

      US /pok/

      UK /pəʊk/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give a push, thrust, or jab
      B2
      More
    • process

      US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/

      UK /prə'ses/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To organize and use data in a computer
      • To deal with official forms in the way required
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dealing with official forms in the way required
      • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • proto

      US

      UK

      • Prefix
      • Indicating the first or earliest or original
      C2
      More
    • rank

      US /ræŋk/

      UK /ræŋk/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To rate or class things
      • To assign a level or status, as of importance, to
      • Noun
      • Group of people with a certain level of status
      • Level or position, as in society/sport competition
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • region

      US /ˈridʒən/

      UK /'ri:dʒən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.
      • A part of the body
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • remain

      US /rɪˈmen/

      UK /rɪˈmeɪn/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To be left behind; to continue to exist
      • To stay in a place when other people have gone
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • role

      US /rol/

      UK /rəʊl/

      • Noun
      • Character played by an actor
      • Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility
      A2
      More
    • root

      US /rut, rʊt/

      UK /ru:t/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Emotional connection with a place, history etc.
      • The origin or starting place of something
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a plant to develop or grow roots
      • (Animals) to search for e.g. food in earth
      A2
      More
    • same time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
      • At the identical time as before; recurring at a fixed hour.
      • Noun
      • An equal duration or period.
      A1
      More
    • sap

      US /sæp/

      UK /sæp/

      • Countable Noun
      • Foolish person who is easy to trick
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Liquid inside a plant that carries its foods
      B2
      More
    • spot on

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Exactly right; perfectly accurate.
      • Adverb
      • Exactly at the expected or scheduled time.
      • Perfect; excellent.
      B1
      More
    • starch

      US /stɑ:rtʃ/

      UK /stɑ:tʃ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Substance in food changed to energy in the body
      • Substance used to make clothes stiff when ironing
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make clothing stiff using a special substance
      B2
      More
    • stick around

      US /stɪk əˈraʊnd/

      UK /stik əˈraund/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To remain in place; not leave or go
      A2
      More
    • take on

      US /tek ɑn/

      UK /teik ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To acquire a new characteristic
      • To accept a new responsibility, role
      A1
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • the following

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Next in order or sequence.
      • Uncountable Noun
      • What is about to be said or written.
      B1
      More
    • together with

      US /təˈɡɛðɚ wɪð/

      UK /təˈɡeðə wið/

      • Preposition
      • In addition to; along with.
      • Including; as well as.
      A1
      More
    • wild

      US /waɪld/

      UK /waɪld/

      • Adverb
      • In a manner which lacks control
      • Adjective
      • Living in nature; not tame
      • (Of land) not developed by people
      A2
      More
    • yeast

      US /jist/

      UK /ji:st/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A single-celled fungi used to make bread and beer
      B2
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1US
    #bce#evidence#wine#mead#beer#oldest

    What Was the First Alcohol?

    0
    陳姝潔 Jean Chen posted on 2026/11/04
    Have you ever wondered what our ancestors were drinking thousands of years ago? This video explores the fascinating archaeology of ancient beverages like mead and agave-based poke, providing you with plenty of interesting vocabulary related to science and history. It is a fun way to improve your English while discovering how early civilizations mastered the art of fermentation.

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