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Vocabulary

  • over time: Gradually; as time passes.
  • break it down: To simplify something complex into smaller, more manageable parts.
  • in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
  • on the surface: Appearing to be true or real until examined more closely.
  • come from: To have as your native country or city
  • in other words: Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
  • based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
  • also known as: Also called; alternatively named.
  • along with: In addition to; together with.
  • on to: Toward something; forward
  • regardless of
  • in mind: Being aware of or considering something.
  • stay in: To remain inside one's home.
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • on top of that: In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
  • significant: Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
  • journey: Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
  • common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
  • consume: To eat, drink, buy or use up something
  • bacteria: The very small creatures that can cause disease
  • consumption: The act of buying and using products
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • excessive: Beyond what is usual or proper
  • absorb: To take up all attention / energy of something
  • clue: Information that helps explain something; hint
  • avoid: To prevent from happening
  • intestine: Long tube in the body for digesting food
  • gradually: Occurring in a slow manner over a period of time
  • condition: To improve something to make it better
  • state: Region within a country, with its own government
  • remain: To be left behind; to continue to exist
  • surface: To give (road) a top layer
  • diarrhea: Frequent and watery bowel movements
  • perform: To carry out an action well or successfully
  • digestive: Concerning processes of converting food to energy
  • primary: Most important, most basic or essential
  • digest: To convert food into energy in your stomach
  • dairy: Concerning or made from milk
  • result: Something produced through tests or experiments
  • fade: To cause to lose brightness of color
  • drop: Distance between a higher and a lower level
  • lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
  • break: To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
  • diet: To eat special or less food, as to lose weight
  • clinical: Concerning the treatment or observing patients
  • major: High-ranking officer in the army
  • reduce: To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
  • treatment: Medicine or method to make someone healthier
  • bear: To accept (responsibilities or duties)
  • normal: Standard or regular way of doing something
  • enzyme: A protein made by cells
  • depend: Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
  • fermentation: Chemical change that produces alcohol in a liquid
  • irritation: Feeling or state of being annoyed or upset
  • methane: Colorless gas without smell often used as fuel
  • bloodstream: Blood flowing through the circulatory system
  • deficiency: Lack of something that is necessary
  • genetically: Caused or controlled, or by genes
  • learn: To get knowledge or skills by study or experience
  • diagnosis: Judgments by a doctor about a person's illness
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • cramp: Sharp, unexpected pain when a muscle becomes tight
  • program: To make someone act or think in a certain way
  • hydrogen: Lightest of all chemical elements
  • active: Moving around a lot or doing many things
  • lactose: Sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk
  • person: Man, woman or child
  • abdominal: Concerned with the stomach area of a body
  • stool: Single seat without support for the arms or back
  • fast: In a way that is difficult to move or change
  • part: Division of a book
  • acidic: Containing acid
  • gene: Part of cell controlling development of a thing
  • colon: Lower part of intestine turning food into waste
  • downhill: From higher ground to lower ground
  • underlie: To be the basis, foundation or cause of something
  • intestinal: Concerning or inside the intestines
  • bacterial: Concerning or caused by bacteria
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    • abdominal

      US /æbˈdɑ:mɪnl/

      UK /æbˈdɒmɪnl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerned with the stomach area of a body
      • Countable Noun
      • An abdominal muscle.
      C1
      More
    • absorb

      US /əbˈsɔrb, -ˈzɔrb/

      UK /əb'sɔ:b/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To take up all attention / energy of something
      • To take in a liquid; soak up
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • acidic

      US /əˈsɪdɪk/

      UK /əˈsɪdɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Containing acid
      B1
      More
    • along with

      US /əˈlɔŋ wɪð/

      UK /əˈlɔŋ wið/

      • Preposition
      • In addition to; together with.
      • Adverb
      • In company or together with someone or something.
      • Including; in addition to.
      A2
      More
    • also known as

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Also called; alternatively named.
      • Identified by another term; synonymous with.
      A1
      More
    • avoid

      US /əˈvɔɪd/

      UK /ə'vɔɪd/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To prevent from happening
      • To stay away from
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • bacteria

      US /bækˈtɪriə/

      UK /bæk'tɪərɪə/

      • Noun (plural)
      • The very small creatures that can cause disease
      B2
      More
    • bacterial

      US /bæk'tɪərɪrl/

      UK /bæk'tɪərɪəl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning or caused by bacteria
      B2
      More
    • based on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
      • Preposition
      • Using something as the main idea or foundation.
      • Relying on something as evidence or justification.
      A1
      More
    • bear

      US /bɛr/

      UK /bɛː/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To accept (responsibilities or duties)
      • To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
      • Countable Noun
      • Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
      • Someone who expects stock market to fall
      A2
      More
    • bloodstream

      US /ˈblʌdˌstrim/

      UK /ˈblʌdstri:m/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Blood flowing through the circulatory system
      C2
      More
    • break it down

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To simplify something complex into smaller, more manageable parts.
      • To explain something in a detailed and understandable way.
      A2
      More
    • clinical

      US /ˈklɪnɪkəl/

      UK /ˈklɪnɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the treatment or observing patients
      • Using scientific techniques and precision
      B1
      More
    • clue

      US /klu/

      UK /klu:/

      • Noun
      • Information that helps explain something; hint
      B1
      More
    • colon

      US /ˈkolən/

      UK /'kəʊlən/

      • Noun
      • Lower part of intestine turning food into waste
      • Symbol: used in writing e.g. before lists
      B2
      More
    • come from

      US /kʌm frʌm/

      UK /kʌm frɔm/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have as your native country or city
      A1
      More
    • condition

      US /kənˈdɪʃən/

      UK /kənˈdɪʃn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To improve something to make it better
      • To cause to behave automatically in a certain way
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Disease or other medical problem
      • The state of living you are in, e.g. good health
      A2
      More
    • consume

      US /kənˈsum/

      UK /kən'sju:m/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To eat, drink, buy or use up something
      • To take all your energy; focus the attention
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • consumption

      US /kənˈsʌmpʃən/

      UK /kənˈsʌmpʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The act of buying and using products
      • The act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used
      B1
      More
    • cramp

      US /kræmp/

      UK /kræmp/

      • Noun
      • Sharp, unexpected pain when a muscle becomes tight
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To get a sudden sharp pain when muscle tightens
      B2
      More
    • dairy

      US /ˈderi/

      UK /ˈdeəri/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning or made from milk
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Building for storing milk or making cheese/butter
      B2
      More
    • deficiency

      US /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/

      UK /dɪˈfɪʃnsi/

      • Noun
      • Lack of something that is necessary
      B2
      More
    • depend

      US /dɪˈpend/

      UK /dɪˈpend/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
      • To rely on someone or something for support, help, or existence.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • diagnosis

      US /ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsɪs/

      UK /ˌdaɪəgˈnəʊsɪs/

      • Noun (plural)
      • Judgments by a doctor about a person's illness
      • Noun
      • The identification of a disease or condition.
      B1
      More
    • diarrhea

      US /ˌdaɪəˈriə/

      UK /ˌdaɪə'rɪə/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Frequent and watery bowel movements
      • Frequent and watery bowel movements
      C1
      More
    • diet

      US /ˈdaɪɪt/

      UK /'daɪət/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To eat special or less food, as to lose weight
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Plan of eating to reduce weight or improve health
      • The usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal)
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • digest

      US /daɪˈdʒest/

      UK /daɪˈdʒest/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To convert food into energy in your stomach
      • To think over facts, news etc.; take in information
      • Noun
      • A summary, as of the news
      B2
      More
    • digestive

      US /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv, dɪ-/

      UK /daɪˈdʒestɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning processes of converting food to energy
      B2
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • downhill

      US /ˈdaʊnˈhɪl/

      UK /ˌdaʊnˈhɪl/

      • Adverb
      • From higher ground to lower ground
      C2
      More
    • enzyme

      US /ˈɛnzaɪm/

      UK /ˈenzaɪm/

      • Noun
      • A protein made by cells
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • excessive

      US /ɪkˈsɛsɪv/

      UK /ɪkˈsesɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Beyond what is usual or proper
      B2
      More
    • fade

      US /fed/

      UK /feɪd/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To cause to lose brightness of color
      • To lose strength or freshness
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • fermentation

      US /ˌfə:mənˈteʃən, -mɛn-/

      UK /ˌfɜ:men'teɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical change that produces alcohol in a liquid
      B2
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • gene

      US /dʒin/

      UK /dʒi:n/

      • Noun
      • Part of cell controlling development of a thing
      B1
      More
    • genetically

      US /dʒə'netɪklɪ/

      UK /dʒə'netɪklɪ/

      • Adverb
      • Caused or controlled, or by genes
      • By means of genes or genetic engineering.
      B1
      More
    • gradually

      US /ˈɡrædʒʊəlɪ/

      UK /ˈgrædʒuəli/

      • Adverb
      • Occurring in a slow manner over a period of time
      • Little by little; in a slow and progressive manner.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • hydrogen

      US /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/

      UK /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Lightest of all chemical elements
      B1
      More
    • in mind

      US /ɪn maɪnd/

      UK /in maind/

      • Phrase
      • Being aware of or considering something.
      • To remember or consider something.
      A2
      More
    • in order to

      US /ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tu/

      UK /in ˈɔ:də tu:/

      • Preposition
      • For the purpose of; with the aim of.
      • Phrase
      • In a specific sequence or arrangement.
      • With the aim of; for the purpose of.
      C1
      More
    • in other words

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
      More
    • intestinal

      US /ɪnˈtɛstənəl/

      UK /ˌɪntes'taɪnl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning or inside the intestines
      B2
      More
    • intestine

      US /ɪnˈtɛstɪn/

      UK /ɪnˈtestɪn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Long tube in the body for digesting food
      B1
      More
    • irritation

      US /ˌɪrɪˈteʃən/

      UK /ˌɪrɪ'teɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Feeling or state of being annoyed or upset
      • Feeling of pain and soreness on a part of the body
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • journey

      US /ˈdʒɚni/

      UK /'dʒɜ:nɪ/

      • Noun
      • Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To travel through a place
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • major

      US /ˈmedʒɚ/

      UK /'meɪdʒə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • High-ranking officer in the army
      • Main subject you study at university
      • Adjective
      • Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
      • Important, serious, or large in scope, size
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • methane

      US /ˈmeθeɪn/

      UK /ˈmi:θeɪn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Colorless gas without smell often used as fuel
      B2
      More
    • on the surface

      US /ɑn ði ˈsɚfəs/

      UK /ɔn ðə ˈsə:fis/

      • Phrase
      • Appearing to be true or real until examined more closely.
      • Located on the outer part or uppermost layer of something.
      B2
      More
    • on to

      US /ɑn tu/

      UK /ɔn tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Toward something; forward
      • Aware of someone's activities.
      • Adjective
      • Aware of someone's deception or illegal activities.
      A1
      More
    • on top of that

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
      A1
      More
    • over time

      US /ˈovɚ taɪm/

      UK /ˈəuvə taim/

      • Phrase
      • Gradually; as time passes.
      • During a long period.
      • Adverb
      • Gradually; as time passes.
      B1
      More
    • primary

      US /ˈpraɪˌmɛri, -məri/

      UK /'praɪmərɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Most important, most basic or essential
      • Happening first; earliest
      B2
      More
    • reduce

      US /rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus/

      UK /rɪ'dju:s/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
      • To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • regardless of

      US /rɪˈɡɑrdlɪs ʌv/

      UK /riˈɡɑ:dlis ɔv/

      • Phrase
      • Preposition
      • Without being affected or influenced by something; despite.
      A2
      More
    • remain

      US /rɪˈmen/

      UK /rɪˈmeɪn/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To be left behind; to continue to exist
      • To stay in a place when other people have gone
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • result

      US /rɪˈzʌlt/

      UK /rɪ'zʌlt/

      • Noun
      • Something produced through tests or experiments
      • Final score of a competition, election or game
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To be the outcome of other causes and effects
      • To happen or exist as a consequence of something.
      A2
      More
    • significant

      US /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

      UK /sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt/

      • Adjective
      • Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
      • Having meaning; important; noticeable
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • stay in

      US /ste ɪn/

      UK /stei in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To remain inside one's home.
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To remain as an inpatient in a hospital.
      More
    • stool

      US /stul/

      UK /stu:l/

      • Countable Noun
      • Single seat without support for the arms or back
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Med. feces; excrement
      B1
      More
    • surface

      US /ˈsɚfəs/

      UK /'sɜ:fɪs/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give (road) a top layer
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
      • To come to the top of something; emerge
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • treatment

      US /ˈtritmənt/

      UK /ˈtri:tmənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Medicine or method to make someone healthier
      • Way someone acts toward another
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • underlie

      US /ˌʌndərˈlaɪ/

      UK /ˌʌndəˈlaɪ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To be the basis, foundation or cause of something
      • To lie or exist beneath
      B1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B2
    #lactose#deficiency#intestine#dairy#enzyme#stool

    Lactose intolerance

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2026/11/02
    Ever wondered why your stomach feels grumpy after a bowl of ice cream? This video explains the science behind lactose intolerance and helps you master medical terms like 'lactase deficiency' and 'monosaccharides' while exploring how our bodies process dairy.

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