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Vocabulary

  • act on: To have an effect on something.
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • end in: To have something as the final result.
  • as well as: Also; in addition to
  • point out: To make others aware of an idea
  • due to: Because of; owing to
  • as with: In the same way that something happens or is true of something else.
  • in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
  • in blood: Covered or stained with blood, literally or figuratively.
  • such as: For example; like
  • contract in: To formally engage someone by contract.
  • also known as: Also called; alternatively named.
  • rate as: To consider someone or something to be of a particular quality or standard.
  • specific: Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • potential: Capable of happening or becoming reality
  • present: Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
  • term: Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • determine: To control exactly how something will be or act
  • experience: Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • potentially: That could happen or become reality
  • negative: The opposite to a positive electrical charge
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • demand: Desire customers have to buy product, service
  • pressure: Anxiety caused by difficult problems
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • prevent: To stop something from happening or existing
  • contract: To become ill as a result of getting a disease
  • concentration: Amount or number of something in a thing or place
  • mean: Average of a set of numbers
  • occur: To come to pass or to happen
  • maintain: To keep saying something a certain way
  • response: Something said/written as an answer to something
  • vessel: Container, such as a cup, for holding liquids
  • refer: To talk about or write about something
  • generate: To create or be produced or bring into existence
  • involve: To have or be included as a part of something
  • pretty: Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • drop: Distance between a higher and a lower level
  • rate: To assess something or consider its qualities
  • lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
  • contraction: Process of becoming smaller in length/size
  • calcium: A substance important for making bones and teeth
  • oxygen: A gas in the air that we need to breathe
  • influx: Sudden arrival of many people or things
  • potent: (Of men) being able to make a woman pregnant
  • slight: Small (amount, quality)
  • discuss: To talk about seriously or in great detail
  • dilate: (Of the iris of the eye, etc.) to get bigger
  • velocity: Speed in a given direction
  • reduction: Act of making something smaller
  • rapid: Moving or happening very quickly
  • channel: Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
  • important: Having power or authority
  • cardiac: Concerning the heart
  • physiological: Of or relating to functions of the body
  • pain: Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
  • restore: To return a thing to its original condition
  • order: Religious or social group, as of nuns
  • manage: To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
  • artery: Tubes that carry blood from the heart to the body
  • membrane: Outside covering of a cell
  • occurrence: Specific instance of something happening
  • plaque: Sign on building as a reminder of an event/person
  • pathway: A path or way that you can walk
  • reflex: Body's physical reaction done unconsciously
  • coronary: Concerning the heart
  • arch: Curved part of a structure (e.g. on a bridge)
  • node: A junction point in a network or stem
  • ventricle: Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to arteries
  • vascular: Of tubes through which fluids flow in body/plant
  • systemic: Affecting the entire body, system
  • ion: Atoms with either a positive or negative charge
  • voltage: Measured force of electricity
  • arterial: Concerning, involving or contained in the arteries
  • propagation: Spreading of something (a belief or practice)
  • carotid: Of two major arteries supplying blood to head/neck
  • aortic: Belonging to the aorta artery of the heart
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    • act on

      US /ækt ɑn/

      UK /ækt ɔn/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have an effect on something.
      • To take formal action or make a decision regarding something.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To take action as a result of information received.
      • To have an effect on something.
      B1
      More
    • also known as

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Also called; alternatively named.
      • Identified by another term; synonymous with.
      A1
      More
    • aortic

      US /eɪ'ɔ:tɪk/

      UK /eɪ'ɔ:tɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Belonging to the aorta artery of the heart
      C2
      More
    • arch

      US /ɑ:rtʃ/

      UK /ɑ:tʃ/

      • Noun
      • Curved part of a structure (e.g. on a bridge)
      • Adjective
      • Chief; the most important or typical (of a type)
      B1
      More
    • arterial

      US /ɑrˈtɪriəl/

      UK /ɑ:'tɪərɪəl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning, involving or contained in the arteries
      B2
      More
    • artery

      US /ˈɑrtəri/

      UK /ˈɑ:təri/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Tubes that carry blood from the heart to the body
      • Important road, rail or water way
      B2
      More
    • as well as

      US /æz wɛl æz/

      UK /æz wel æz/

      • Adverb
      • Also; in addition to
      • Preposition
      • In addition to; and also.
      A1
      More
    • as with

      US /æz wɪð/

      UK /æz wið/

      • Preposition
      • In the same way that something happens or is true of something else.
      A1
      More
    • calcium

      US /ˈkælsiəm/

      UK /'kælsɪəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A substance important for making bones and teeth
      • A substance containing calcium, taken to improve health.
      C2
      More
    • cardiac

      US /ˈkɑ:rdiæk/

      UK /ˈkɑ:diæk/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the heart
      B2
      More
    • carotid

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • Of two major arteries supplying blood to head/neck
      C2
      More
    • channel

      US /ˈtʃænəl/

      UK /'tʃænl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
      • TV or radio station or its programs
      • Transitive Verb
      • To dig a long hole for carrying water
      • To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
      B1
      More
    • concentration

      US /ˌkɑ:nsnˈtreɪʃn/

      UK /ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Amount or number of something in a thing or place
      • Paying (a lot of) attention to a task
      A2
      More
    • contract in

      US /ˈkɑntrækt ɪn/

      UK /ˈkɒntrækt ɪn/

      • other
      • To formally engage someone by contract.
      C2
      More
    • contraction

      US /kənˈtrækʃən/

      UK /kənˈtrækʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Process of becoming smaller in length/size
      • Involuntary, often painful tightening of a muscle
      B2
      More
    • coronary

      US /ˈkɒrən(ə)ri/

      UK /'kɒrənrɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the heart
      B2
      More
    • demand

      US /dɪˈmænd/

      UK /dɪ'mɑ:nd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Desire customers have to buy product, service
      • A strong request for someone to do something
      • Transitive Verb
      • To strongly request someone to do something
      • To need something.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • determine

      US /dɪˈtɚmɪn/

      UK /dɪ'tɜ:mɪn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To control exactly how something will be or act
      • To establish the facts about; discover
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • dilate

      US /daɪˈlet,ˈdaɪˌlet/

      UK /daɪˈleɪt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • (Of the iris of the eye, etc.) to get bigger
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To become wider, larger, or more open.
      C1TOEIC
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • due to

      US /du tu/

      UK /dju: tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; owing to
      • Adjective
      • Attributable to; caused by.
      A1
      More
    • end in

      US /ɛnd ɪn/

      UK /end in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have something as the final result.
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • generate

      US /ˈdʒɛnəˌret/

      UK /ˈdʒenəreɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To create or be produced or bring into existence
      • To create electricity, heat, energy and power
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • in blood

      US /ɪn blʌd/

      UK /in blʌd/

      • other
      • Covered or stained with blood, literally or figuratively.
      C2
      More
    • in order to

      US /ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tu/

      UK /in ˈɔ:də tu:/

      • Preposition
      • For the purpose of; with the aim of.
      • Phrase
      • In a specific sequence or arrangement.
      • With the aim of; for the purpose of.
      C1
      More
    • influx

      US /ˈɪnˌflʌks/

      UK /ˈɪnflʌks/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Sudden arrival of many people or things
      • The flowing in of a river or stream.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • involve

      US /ɪnˈvɑlv/

      UK /ɪn'vɒlv/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To have or be included as a part of something
      • To cause (a person or group) to take part in an event or activity.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • ion

      US /ˈaɪən/

      UK /'aɪən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Atoms with either a positive or negative charge
      B2
      More
    • maintain

      US /menˈten/

      UK /meɪn'teɪn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To keep saying something a certain way
      • To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • membrane

      US /ˈmɛmˌbren/

      UK /'membreɪn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Outside covering of a cell
      • A thin covering of tissue or of a cell
      B2
      More
    • negative

      US /ˈnɛɡətɪv/

      UK /'neɡətɪv/

      • Noun
      • The opposite to a positive electrical charge
      • In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
      • Adjective
      • Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
      • In mathematics, being less than zero
      A2
      More
    • node

      US //noʊd//

      UK

      • Noun
      • A junction point in a network or stem
      • Raised area caused by a mass of cells in the body
      B1
      More
    • occur

      US /əˈkɚ/

      UK /əˈkɜ:(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To come to pass or to happen
      • To be found to exist; to be present.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • occurrence

      US /əˈkɚrəns/

      UK /əˈkʌrəns/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Specific instance of something happening
      • The fact or frequency of something happening.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • oxygen

      US /ˈɑksɪdʒən/

      UK /'ɒksɪdʒən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A gas in the air that we need to breathe
      • Oxygen administered as a medical treatment.
      B1
      More
    • pathway

      US /ˈpæθˌwe, ˈpɑθ-/

      UK /ˈpɑ:θweɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A path or way that you can walk
      B1
      More
    • physiological

      US /ˌfɪziəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/

      UK /ˌfɪzɪə'lɒdʒɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Of or relating to functions of the body
      • Consistent with the normal functioning of an organism.
      B1
      More
    • plaque

      US /plæk/

      UK /plæk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Sign on building as a reminder of an event/person
      • Hard matter that can build up on your teeth
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • point out

      US /pɔɪnt aʊt/

      UK /pɔint aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To make others aware of an idea
      • To draw attention to something or someone
      A1
      More
    • potent

      US /ˈpotnt/

      UK /'pəʊtnt/

      • Adjective
      • (Of men) being able to make a woman pregnant
      • Having a powerful effect, e.g. on the body or mind
      B2
      More
    • potential

      US /pəˈtɛnʃəl/

      UK /pəˈtenʃl/

      • Adjective
      • Capable of happening or becoming reality
      • Having or showing the capacity to develop into something in the future.
      • Uncountable Noun
      • someone's or something's ability to develop, achieve, or succeed
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • potentially

      US /pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ/

      UK /pə'tenʃəlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • That could happen or become reality
      B1
      More
    • pressure

      US /ˈprɛʃɚ/

      UK /'preʃə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Anxiety caused by difficult problems
      • Force, weight when pressing against a thing
      • Transitive Verb
      • To apply force to something
      • To persuade or force someone to do something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • prevent

      US /prɪˈvɛnt/

      UK /prɪ'vent/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To stop something from happening or existing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • propagation

      US /ˌprɑpəˈɡeʃən/

      UK /ˌprɒpə'ɡeɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Spreading of something (a belief or practice)
      • Act of producing a new plant from an existing one
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • rapid

      US /ˈræpɪd/

      UK /ˈræpɪd/

      • Adjective
      • Moving or happening very quickly
      • Noun
      • Rough and fast-moving part of a river
      B1
      More
    • rate as

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To consider someone or something to be of a particular quality or standard.
      B1
      More
    • reduction

      US /rɪˈdʌkʃən/

      UK /rɪ'dʌkʃn/

      • Noun
      • Act of making something smaller
      B1
      More
    • refer

      US /rɪˈfɚ/

      UK /rɪ'fɜ:(r)/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To talk about or write about something
      • To give information about something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • reflex

      US /ˈriˌflɛks/

      UK /ˈri:fleks/

      • Noun
      • Body's physical reaction done unconsciously
      • Response done quickly and without thinking
      B2
      More
    • response

      US /rɪˈspɑns/

      UK /riˈspɔns/

      • Noun
      • Something said/written as an answer to something
      • Reaction to something that has occurred
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • restore

      US /rɪˈstɔr, -ˈstor/

      UK /rɪˈstɔ:(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To return a thing to its original condition
      B1
      More
    • slight

      US /slaɪt/

      UK /slaɪt/

      • Adjective
      • Small (amount, quality)
      • Appearing thin, delicate and physically weak
      • Transitive Verb
      • To ignore or treat rudely and with no respect
      B1
      More
    • specific

      US /spɪˈsɪfɪk/

      UK /spəˈsɪfɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Precise; particular; just about that thing
      • Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing
      A2
      More
    • such as

      US /sʌtʃ æz/

      UK /sʌtʃ æz/

      • Preposition
      • For example; like
      A1
      More
    • systemic

      US /sɪˈstɛmɪk/

      UK /sɪ'stemɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Affecting the entire body, system
      • Relating to or affecting the entire body or a system.
      B2
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
    • vascular

      US /ˈvæskjəlɚ/

      UK /ˈvæskjələ(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Of tubes through which fluids flow in body/plant
      C1
      More
    • velocity

      US /vəˈlɑsɪti/

      UK /və'lɒsətɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Speed in a given direction
      • The rate of change of an object's position with respect to time; a vector quantity.
      B1
      More
    • ventricle

      US /ˈvɛntrɪkəl/

      UK /ˈventrɪkl/

      • Noun
      • Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to arteries
      C2
      More
    • vessel

      US /ˈvɛsəl/

      UK /ˈvesl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Container, such as a cup, for holding liquids
      • A ship or boat; something that carries things
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • voltage

      US /ˈvoʊltɪdʒ/

      UK /ˈvəʊltɪdʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Measured force of electricity
      B1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    B2US
    #calcium#cardiac#channel#muscle#vascular#coronary

    Calcium Channel Blockers - Mechanism of Action

    0
    Xie posted on 2026/10/15
    Ever wondered how medication actually lowers blood pressure? This video breaks down how different classes of calcium channel blockers—from dihydropyridines like amlodipine to verapamil—work to relax blood vessels and manage heart rate. You’ll sharpen your medical vocabulary while learning the key differences between these essential treatments.

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