antibiotic
US /ˌæntibaɪˈɑ:tɪk/
UK /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/
- Adjective
- (Drug) used to fight certain kinds of diseases
- Noun
- Medicine that kills bacteria to fight infections
B1Moreattention
US /əˈtɛnʃən/
UK /əˈtenʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Taking notice of someone or something
- Noun
- (Soldiers) Standing with straight backs
A2TOEICMorebacteria
US /bækˈtɪriə/
UK /bæk'tɪərɪə/
- Noun (plural)
- The very small creatures that can cause disease
B2Morebacterium
US /bækˈtɪriəm/
UK /bæk'tɪərɪəm/
- Countable Noun
- The very small creatures that can cause disease
B2Morebiological
US /ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/
UK /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/
- Adjective
- Being related to life and living things
- A substance, such as a detergent, that contains enzymes.
B1Morebreak it down
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To simplify something complex into smaller, more manageable parts.
- To explain something in a detailed and understandable way.
A2Morecause
US /kɔz/
UK /kɔ:z/
- Noun
- Belief, goal or organization that people support
- Reason for
- Transitive Verb
- To make something happen; create effect or result
A2Moreconcern
US /kənˈsɚn/
UK /kənˈsɜ:n/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To be about a particular topic
- To have a direct impact on someone
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Company, firm or business
- Feeling of worry or anxiety
A2TOEICMorecontact
US /ˈkɑnˌtækt/
UK /'kɒntækt/
- Adjective
- Touching or feeling something
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Touching or feeling something
- Object that allows electricity to run through it
A2Morecontagious
US /kənˈtedʒəs/
UK /kənˈteɪdʒəs/
- Adjective
- Able to be passed on by touch
- (of a disease) able to be transmitted by infection.
C2Moredespite the fact
US
UK
- Preposition
- In spite of; notwithstanding.
- Conjunction
- Even though; although.
A2Moredisease
US /dɪˈziz/
UK /dɪˈzi:z/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
- A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
- Transitive Verb
- To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
A2TOEICMoreextremely
US /ɪk'strimlɪ/
UK /ɪkˈstri:mli/
- Adverb
- In a way that is much more than usual or expected
- Remarkably; unusually.
B1Moreface to face
US /fes tu fes/
UK /feis tu: feis/
- Adverb
- (Meeting) while looking at someone
A1Morefascinating
US /ˈfæsəˌnetɪŋ/
UK /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/
- Transitive Verb
- To attract or interest greatly
- To hold someone captive with a gaze or other means.
- Adjective
- Having your attention fixated as though by a spell
B1Morefatal
US /ˈfetl/
UK /ˈfeɪtl/
- Adjective
- Causing death; having very bad consequences
- Causing negative results
B1Morefavorable
US /ˈfevərəbəl, ˈfevrə-/
UK /'feɪvərəbl/
- Adjective
- When a good result or positive outcome is likely
B2TOEICMoreflea
US /fli/
UK /fli:/
- Countable Noun
- Small blood-sucking insect that makes you itch
B2Moregoing on
US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/
UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To continue doing something
- To happen (usually negative)
A1Morein check
US /ɪn tʃɛk/
UK /in tʃek/
- Phrase
- Under control; restrained.
- Verified or confirmed to be correct or accurate.
in fact
US /ɪn fækt/
UK /in fækt/
- Adverb
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
C1Moreinfect
US /ɪnˈfɛkt/
UK /ɪn'fekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To introduce a computer virus to
- To give a disease, bacteria or virus to
B1Moreinflammation
US /ˌɪnfləˈmeʃən/
UK /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Painful swelling in the body due to illness
- A condition in which a part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
B2Moreinside of
US /ɪnˈsaɪd ʌv/
UK /inˈsaid ɔv/
- Preposition
- Within; in the inner part of.
- Within a certain period of time.
A1Moreintensely
US /ɪnˈtɛnslɪ/
UK /ɪn'tenslɪ/
- Adverb
- In a manner that is very strong or extreme
A2Moreisolate
US /ˈaɪsəˌlet/
UK /ˈaɪsəleɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To identify, consider, or deal with separately
- To keep in a place or situation apart from others
B1Moremajor
US /ˈmedʒɚ/
UK /'meɪdʒə(r)/
- Countable Noun
- High-ranking officer in the army
- Main subject you study at university
- Adjective
- Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
- Important, serious, or large in scope, size
A2TOEICMoremedication
US /ˌmɛdɪˈkeʃən/
UK /ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness
B2Moreminimize
US /ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz/
UK /'mɪnɪmaɪz/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something seem small or less important
B1Moremultiply
US /ˈmʌltəˌplaɪ/
UK /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To increase in number by reproducing/having babies
- To increase something by a large quantity
B1Morenorthern
US
UK
- Adjective
- In or toward the north
- Coming from the north.
- Noun
- A person who comes from the north.
- The Aurora Borealis.
B1Moreoccur
US /əˈkɚ/
UK /əˈkɜ:(r)/
- Intransitive Verb
- To come to pass or to happen
- To be found to exist; to be present.
A2TOEICMoreout of control
US /aʊt ʌv kənˈtrol/
UK /aut ɔv kənˈtrəul/
- Adjective
- Impossible to manage or control.
- Not able to be directed or steered.
A1Moreoutbreak
US /ˈaʊtˌbrek/
UK /ˈaʊtbreɪk/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Sudden occurrence of illness, discontent etc.
- A sudden occurrence of something unwelcome, such as war or disease.
B2Morepandemic
US /pænˈdɛmɪk/
UK /pæn'demɪk/
- Adjective
- (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants
- Noun
- a pandemic disease
C2Morepass from
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To be transferred or transmitted from one person or thing to another.
- To be inherited or bequeathed from one person to another.
A1Moreplague
US /pleɡ/
UK /pleɪɡ/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause to have continual problems with something
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- (Deadly) disease passing rapidly between people
- An unusually large number of insects or animals infesting a place and causing damage.
B1Morepop
US /pɑp/
UK /pɒp/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To cause something to open or burst suddenly
- To go to or in a place for a brief period of time
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Sweet soda drink
- A short, sharp, explosive sound.
B2Morepop up
US /pɑp ʌp/
UK /pɔp ʌp/
- Intransitive Verb
- To appear suddenly.
- Phrasal Verb
- To appear suddenly and unexpectedly.
- To appear on a computer screen.
A1Morepose
US /poʊz/
UK /pəʊz/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To be or exist as (a problem, threat etc.)
- To suggest an idea, question or solution
- Noun
- False behavior to gain respect or liking
B1TOEICMorerather than
US
UK
- Adverb
- More exactly; more correctly
- Preferably; instead
- Preposition
- Instead of
A1Morerecorded history
US
UK
- Uncountable Noun
- The period of time for which written records exist.
A2Morerequire
US /rɪˈkwaɪr/
UK /rɪ'kwaɪə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To demand that someone does something
- To need to do something, to make it necessary
A2TOEICMoresiege
US /sidʒ/
UK /si:dʒ/
- Noun
- Surrounding an enemy to prevent them getting food
C2TOEICMorespend
US /spɛnd/
UK /spend/
- Transitive Verb
- To use money to pay for something
- To use time in order to do something
A2TOEICMorespread
US /sprɛd/
UK /spred/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
- The distance between two things
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To place over a large area; to cover a large area
- (Of ideas, gossip) to pass to and affect others
A2TOEICMoresuch as
US /sʌtʃ æz/
UK /sʌtʃ æz/
- Preposition
- For example; like
A1Moreswell
US /swɛl/
UK /swel/
- Intransitive Verb
- To feel overcome due to a strong emotion
- To increase in size or number larger than normal
- Uncountable Noun
- Being overcome from feeling a strong emotion
- Act of growing in size or increasing in number
B1Morethanks to
US /θæŋks tu/
UK /θæŋks tu:/
- Preposition
- Because of; as a result of.
A1Moretissue
US /ˈtɪʃu/
UK /ˈtɪʃu:/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
- Kind of thin, light paper used to pack objects
A2Moretreatment
US /ˈtritmənt/
UK /ˈtri:tmənt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Medicine or method to make someone healthier
- Way someone acts toward another
A2TOEICMoretrigger
US /ˈtrɪɡɚ/
UK /'trɪɡə(r)/
- Noun
- Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
- Device that starts a process
- Transitive Verb
- To start a process off e.g. a memory
- To cause something to begin or happen.
B1Moreversion
US /ˈvɚʒən, -ʃən/
UK /ˈvə:ʃən/
- Noun
- Different way that someone interprets something
- New or different form of something
A2TOEICMorewild
US /waɪld/
UK /waɪld/
- Adverb
- In a manner which lacks control
- Adjective
- Living in nature; not tame
- (Of land) not developed by people
A2Morewitness
US /ˈwɪtnɪs/
UK /'wɪtnəs/
- Transitive Verb
- To see the signing of an official document
- To see an event take place (usually a crime)
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Person who was present to see an event take place
- Evidence or proof of something
B1TOEICMore
Vocabulary
- going on: To continue doing something
- break it down: To simplify something complex into smaller, more manageable parts.
- recorded history: The period of time for which written records exist.
- inside of: Within; in the inner part of.
- despite the fact: In spite of; notwithstanding.
- rather than: More exactly; more correctly
- pass from: To be transferred or transmitted from one person or thing to another.
- face to face: (Meeting) while looking at someone
- such as: For example; like
- out of control: Impossible to manage or control.
- in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- pop up: To appear suddenly.
- in check: Under control; restrained.
- thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
- extremely: In a way that is much more than usual or expected
- pandemic: (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants
- trigger: Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
- contagious: Able to be passed on by touch
- fascinating: To attract or interest greatly
- realize: To become aware of or understand mentally
- common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
- bacteria: The very small creatures that can cause disease
- disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
- version: Different way that someone interprets something
- inflammation: Painful swelling in the body due to illness
- spread: A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
- occur: To come to pass or to happen
- concern: To be about a particular topic
- cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
- simply: In an easy or clear manner
- attention: Taking notice of someone or something
- require: To demand that someone does something
- form: Sports team or person's current winning record
- contact: Touching or feeling something
- fatal: Causing death; having very bad consequences
- plague: To cause to have continual problems with something
- witness: To see the signing of an official document
- create: To make, cause, or bring into existence
- risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
- tissue: Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
- major: High-ranking officer in the army
- outbreak: Sudden occurrence of illness, discontent etc.
- suggest: To mention something that could be done; propose
- treatment: Medicine or method to make someone healthier
- swell: To feel overcome due to a strong emotion
- pop: To cause something to open or burst suddenly
- intensely: In a manner that is very strong or extreme
- biological: Being related to life and living things
- wild: In a manner which lacks control
- century: Period of 100 years
- spend: To use money to pay for something
- control: A device designed to operate a machine
- fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
- multiply: To increase in number by reproducing/having babies
- catch: Amount of something that has been caught
- information: Collection of facts and details about something
- staff: Employees of a company
- modern: Of the present time; up to date; contemporary
- medication: Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness
- question: To ask for or try to get information
- antibiotic: (Drug) used to fight certain kinds of diseases
- siege: Surrounding an enemy to prevent them getting food
- pose: To be or exist as (a problem, threat etc.)
- minimize: To make something seem small or less important
- isolate: To identify, consider, or deal with separately
- bacterium: The very small creatures that can cause disease
- flea: Small blood-sucking insect that makes you itch
- infect: To introduce a computer virus to
- favorable: When a good result or positive outcome is likely
- northern: In or toward the north
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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林宜悉 posted on 2026/10/10Ever wondered if the Black Death is actually making a comeback? This video breaks down the science behind the plague, explaining how it spreads and why modern medicine makes a global pandemic unlikely, while helping you pick up some fascinating medical and scientific vocabulary along the way.
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