Vocabulary

• look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
• come from: To have as your native country or city
• count down: To say numbers in order from say 10 to 1
• wait for: To wait until someone comes, or something happens
• the leading cause: The most significant or primary reason for something.
• based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
• in detail: Thoroughly and completely; giving full particulars.
• work in: To make an opening for something in your schedule
• thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
• at least: As a minimum
• instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
• trade off: Exchange that occurs as a compromise
• per year: For each year; annually.
• depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
• for short: As a shortened form of a name or phrase.
• come up: To come closer to someone; approach
• figure out: To understand the behavior of someone
• as with: In the same way that something happens or is true of something else.
• along with: In addition to; together with.
• call in: To ask others for help when in need
• step back: To move backwards; to move away from something.
• tough: (Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
• trauma: A very severe or upsetting experience
• description: Explanation of what something is like, looks like
• straight: Not having curves, bends, or angles
• average: Total of numbers divided by the number of items
• treat: To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
• spot: A certain place or area
• general: Widespread, normal or usual
• community: Group of people who share a common idea or area
• traumatic: Causing upsetting emotional effects over time
• disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
• previous: Existing or happening before the present time
• roughly: Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
• research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
• failure: When things go wrong; lack of function
• integrate: To combine together; make into one thing
• consistently: In a manner that is the same almost every time
• brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
• reason: To think and make conclusions in a logical manner
• surgery: Medical operation involving cutting into body
• route: Way to get from one place to another place; path
• competitive: Being strongly driven to win or be better than
• trade: A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
• emergency: Sudden event needing an immediate action
• fit: Good looking; physically attractive
• internal: Being or happening in the body
• spine: Line of bones that runs down your back
• radiation: Energy transmitted as rays, waves or particles
• aim: Act of pointing something at a target
• depend: Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
• single: One run in cricket or a hit baseball
• system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
• operate: To control or handle something, such as a machine
• artery: Tubes that carry blood from the heart to the body
• specialty: Skill or a dish that a person, business is good at
• predictable: Capable of being guessed before it happens
• grow: To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
• lung: One of the two organs we use to breathe
• part: Division of a book
• medal: Metal award, often round, usually for courage
• train: Line of people, animals moving the same direction
• pathway: A path or way that you can walk
• cover: To record a different version of another song
• life: All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
• list: To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
• congenital: Existing since or before birth
• work: The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
• surgical: Of or relating to surgery or operations
• diagnostic: Concerning finding out the cause of a problem
• cancer: Any growth caused by abnormal cell division
• bypass: To go around something; avoid
• datum: Item of factual information
• pediatric: Concerning the medical care of children
• residency: Training for a junior doctor in hospital
• vascular: Of tubes through which fluids flow in body/plant
• thoracic: Concerning the chest or thorax
• cardiology: Branch of medicine dealing with heart disease