Vocabulary

• in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
• grow on: To cause someone to begin to like
• on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
• know about: To have information or understanding of a subject or situation.
• for example: As an illustration or instance.
• over time: Gradually; as time passes.
• at bay: Kept at a distance; held back.
• going on: To continue doing something
• have to: Must do
• at least: As a minimum
• figure out: To understand the behavior of someone
• in general: Typically; usually; on the whole.
• for instance: As an example.
• ever since: Continuously from a past time until now.
• used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
• instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
• in other words: Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
• result in: To cause or produce as a consequence.
• look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
• live on: To continue to exist or be remembered.
• at stake: At risk; that can be lost if something is not successful
• left out: To forget; omit
• rather than: More exactly; more correctly
• start in: To begin a job or activity.
• around the world: In or to many countries.
• interact with
• carry out
• hold water: To be logical, consistent, or sound; to stand up to scrutiny.
• stave off: To keep something away; To repel
• think about: To consider something carefully.
• change over: To switch from one thing to another.
• as a result of: Because of something; owing to.
• in the end: Finally; after a period of time or series of events.
• walk around: To stroll or wander in a leisurely way.
• at war: Engaged in a war; fighting
• feed on: To eat a particular food.
• struck up: To begin a friendship, relationship, or conversation.
• tap into: To manage to use something in a way that brings you benefits
• search for: To try to find someone or something.
• break it down: To simplify something complex into smaller, more manageable parts.
• for now: Temporarily; for the present time.
• glom onto: To cling to or hold onto someone or something persistently.
• in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
• in the air: Present or circulating in the atmosphere.
• in places: In some locations but not others
• fend off: To defend and keep (threats) at distance
• breaks down: To forcibly break, destroy or make collapse
• on the market: Available for sale.
• out there: In or to a place that is far away
• turn out: To arrive for a public event or entertainment
• at this point in time: At the current or specific moment under consideration.
• point in time: A specific moment or instance when something occurs or exists.
• in time: Eventually; after a period of time.
• in the first place: To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
• in addition to: Besides; as well as
• at that time: During a specific point in the past.
• used up: To use all of; consume
• use up: To use all of; consume
• somehow manage: To succeed in doing something despite difficulties or a lack of resources.
• of course: Sure ; Certainly
• on the other hand : Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
• die off: To decrease in number so few or none are left
• take over: To gain control of (a company) from someone else
• carve out: To create or obtain something through effort or skill.
• play out: To use up or exhaust
• after all: In spite of what was expected; used to introduce a statement that supports a previous statement or explains why it was made
• account for: To explain the cause or reason for something
• for certain: Definitely; without a doubt.
• for sure: Definitely; certainly; without a doubt.
• in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
• turned out: To arrive for a public event or entertainment
• well preserved: Maintained in excellent condition; not allowed to decline in quality or appearance.
• gobble up: To eat something quickly and greedily.
• break down: To forcibly break, destroy or make collapse
• sink in: (Of an idea) to slowly be understood or felt
• run on: To continue longer than expected, e.g. a meeting
• go on: To continue doing something
• think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
• in reality: Actually; in fact; truly.
• together with: In addition to; along with.
• on a plate: To receive something easily, without much effort.
• at the same time: Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
• same time: Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
• literally: In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
• stuff: Generic description for things, materials, objects
• nasty: Very bad, unpleasant, or offensive
• vast: Being very large in size or amount
• ancient: Very old; having lived a very long time ago
• evolve: To develop certain features
• advantage: Thing making the chance of success higher
• bacteria: The very small creatures that can cause disease
• dynamic: Always active or energetic; getting things done
• climate: Typical weather conditions in a particular place
• ability: The power, resources or skill to do something
• regular: Having an equal amount of space or time in between
• similar: Nearly the same; alike
• tiny: Very, very small
• surface: To give (road) a top layer
• simply: In an easy or clear manner
• form: Sports team or person's current winning record
• release: To free someone from a responsibility or burden
• nutrient: A chemical living things needs to be healthy
• result: Something produced through tests or experiments
• planet: One of the bodies that orbit the sun
• shallow: Not deep; short from top to bottom
• survive: To continue to live despite illness or trouble
• oxygen: A gas in the air that we need to breathe
• dominate: To be taller, bigger, or more physically obvious
• dwell: To live in a certain place
• habitat: Natural place where a plant or animal lives
• layer: One of several sheets of a material or object
• soil: Conditions in which something develops
• bear: To accept (responsibilities or duties)
• chemical: Basic substance produced by mixing elements
• carbon: Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
• single: One run in cricket or a hit baseball
• system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
• fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
• fungus: Plant, e.g. mushroom/mold, growing in damp places
• natural: Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
• fill: To make something full
• turn: To become (a particular age)
• grow: To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
• nitrogen: A colorless chemical element without a smell
• start: First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
• world: All the humans, events, activities on the earth
• photosynthesis: Process of plants using the sun to make their food
• case: Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
• aquarium: Building or tank for keeping fish and water plants
• life: All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
• bay: Part of an ocean or lake partly surrounded by land
• nature: Person's character or particular way of behaving
• plankton: Tiny plants and animals that fish eat in seas
• sap: Foolish person who is easy to trick
• microbial: Concerning, involving or caused by being microbes
• bacterial: Concerning or caused by bacteria
• fungal: Concerning fungi
• tar: Black oily substance used to make roads
• shipwreck: Loss/destruction of a ship at sea by a storm, etc.
• phosphorus: Yellow chemical that burns in contact with the air
• titanic: Concerning great force or power
• seafloor: Bottom of the sea
• seawater: Water from the sea; salt water