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Vocabulary

  • as well as: Also; in addition to
  • due to: Because of; owing to
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • such as: For example; like
  • depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
  • apart from: Except for; not considering
  • on to: Toward something; forward
  • in hot water: In trouble; in a difficult situation.
  • as one: Acting or moving together at the same time.
  • extremely: In a way that is much more than usual or expected
  • present: Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
  • therapy: Treatment to help cure an illness
  • common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
  • familiar: Well-known or easily recognized
  • variety: Particular type of thing or person
  • solid: Being able to be trusted; reliable
  • separate: Being different from or unrelated to another
  • ubiquitous: Found everywhere; found in many places
  • feature: Special report in a magazine or paper
  • state: Region within a country, with its own government
  • explain: To make clear or easy to understand by describing
  • form: Sports team or person's current winning record
  • apply: To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
  • counter: To say or do something in opposition or resistance
  • widespread: Happening or existing in many places
  • characteristic: Typical or distinctive
  • due: When something is required or expected
  • organic: Developing naturally and without a set structure
  • induce: To make someone do something; create an outcome
  • enhance: To improve; make bigger or better
  • layer: One of several sheets of a material or object
  • sodium: A soft, white chemical element
  • investigation: Search for information about something
  • deficiency: Lack of something that is necessary
  • catalyst: Person/thing causing a change or event to happen
  • temperature: When you your body heat is above normal
  • chemistry: The study of the structure of substances
  • bleach: Chemical that disinfects and whitens
  • vapor: Tiny droplets or pieces of some substance spread thinly throughout the air
  • damage: Physical harm that is done to something
  • stable: In a position where something does not fall over
  • potassium: A common, soft, silvery white metal with many uses
  • discover: To find something new that was not known before
  • prostate: Male gland important in the creation of semen
  • mercury: Silver-white metal that is used in thermometers
  • strictly: In compliance with the rules
  • interesting: Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • attain: To reach a desired level or amount over time
  • professor: Teacher who teaches at a college or university
  • group: Two or more musicians who play music together
  • cover: To record a different version of another song
  • silver: Person's name
  • life: All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
  • list: To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
  • united: To join or come together for the same goal
  • cancer: Any growth caused by abnormal cell division
  • dental: Concerning the teeth
  • add: To include as well
  • seed: A person's children; offspring
  • chlorine: Greenish-yellow gas with a strong smell
  • sublime: The very best; excellent; so good it moves you
  • pulp: Soft, succulent part of a fruit
  • disinfectant: Chemical preventing infection by killing bugs
  • ozone: Gas protecting the earth from the sun
  • underground: (Being or living) under the surface of the earth
  • synthesis: Process of making something new out of other ones
  • violet: Small fragrant plant with usually purplish flowers
  • bombardment: Act of dropping bombs on a place
  • brine: Water that contains a lot of salt, e.g. sea water
  • salinity: Concentration of salt in a solution
  • oxidation: Process of combining with oxygen
  • electron: A negatively charged particle
  • cloth: Piece of material used for cleaning, etc.
  • kelp: Large brown seaweed with fluted leathery fronds
  • iodine: Substance used on burns, etc. to prevent infection
  • fluoride: Chemical added to water to improve tooth health
  • discontinue: To put an end to an activity or practice
  • acetic: Concerning or containing acetic acid
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • acetic

      US /ə'si:tɪk/

      UK /ə'si:tɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning or containing acetic acid
      C2
      More
    • apart from

      US /əˈpɑrt frʌm/

      UK /əˈpɑ:t frɔm/

      • Preposition
      • Except for; not considering
      • In addition to; as well as
      More
    • as one

      US

      UK

      • Adverb
      • Acting or moving together at the same time.
      • In complete agreement or unity.
      • Phrase
      • With a single voice or opinion; unanimously.
      • In perfect harmony or unison.
      A1
      More
    • as well as

      US /æz wɛl æz/

      UK /æz wel æz/

      • Adverb
      • Also; in addition to
      • Preposition
      • In addition to; and also.
      A1
      More
    • attain

      US /əˈten/

      UK /əˈteɪn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To reach a desired level or amount over time
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • bleach

      US /blitʃ/

      UK /bli:tʃ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical that disinfects and whitens
      • Transitive Verb
      • To use a chemical that disinfects and whitens
      • To make (e.g. hair) lighter in color; lighten
      B2
      More
    • bombardment

      US /bɒm'bɑ:dmənt/

      UK /bɒm'bɑ:dmənt/

      • Noun
      • Act of dropping bombs on a place
      C1
      More
    • brine

      US /braɪn/

      UK /braɪn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Water that contains a lot of salt, e.g. sea water
      C1
      More
    • cancer

      US /ˈkænsɚ/

      UK /'kænsə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Any growth caused by abnormal cell division
      B1
      More
    • catalyst

      US /ˈkætlɪst/

      UK /ˈkætəlɪst/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Person/thing causing a change or event to happen
      • Substance causing a chemical reaction to speed up
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • characteristic

      US /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/

      UK /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Typical or distinctive
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A feature or quality belonging typically to a particular person, place, or thing and serving to identify it
      A2
      More
    • chemistry

      US /ˈkɛmɪstri/

      UK /'kemɪstrɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The study of the structure of substances
      B1
      More
    • chlorine

      US /ˈklɔːrˌiːn/

      UK /ˈklɔ:ri:n/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Greenish-yellow gas with a strong smell
      B2
      More
    • cloth

      US /klɔθ, klɑθ/

      UK /klɔθ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Piece of material used for cleaning, etc.
      • Material made by weaving fibers to make clothes
      B1
      More
    • counter

      US /ˈkaʊntɚ/

      UK /'kaʊntə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To say or do something in opposition or resistance
      • To try to prevent, as by making a different point
      • Prefix
      • Being opposite or against something
      B1
      More
    • damage

      US /ˈdæmɪdʒ/

      UK /ˈdæmɪdʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Physical harm that is done to something
      • Transitive Verb
      • To harm physically; to hurt or break something
      • To harm the reputation of someone.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • deficiency

      US /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/

      UK /dɪˈfɪʃnsi/

      • Noun
      • Lack of something that is necessary
      B2
      More
    • dental

      US /ˈdɛntl/

      UK /ˈdentl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the teeth
      B1
      More
    • depending on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
      • Influenced or determined by.
      • Preposition
      • Subject to; contingent on
      • Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
      A2
      More
    • discontinue

      US /ˌdɪskənˈtɪnju/

      UK /ˌdɪskən'tɪnju:/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To put an end to an activity or practice
      B2
      More
    • discover

      US /dɪˈskʌvɚ/

      UK /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To find something new that was not known before
      • To learn or find out (something previously unknown or secret).
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • disinfectant

      US /ˌdɪsɪnˈfɛktənt/

      UK /ˌdɪsɪnˈfektənt/

      • Noun
      • Chemical preventing infection by killing bugs
      B1
      More
    • due to

      US /du tu/

      UK /dju: tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; owing to
      • Adjective
      • Attributable to; caused by.
      A1
      More
    • electron

      US /ɪˈlektrɑ:n/

      UK /ɪˈlektrɒn/

      • Countable Noun
      • A negatively charged particle
      B2
      More
    • enhance

      US /ɛnˈhæns/

      UK /ɪn'hɑ:ns/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To improve; make bigger or better
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • extremely

      US /ɪk'strimlɪ/

      UK /ɪkˈstri:mli/

      • Adverb
      • In a way that is much more than usual or expected
      • Remarkably; unusually.
      B1
      More
    • familiar

      US /fəˈmɪljɚ/

      UK /fəˈmɪliə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Well-known or easily recognized
      • Having a good knowledge of something.
      • Noun
      • A close friend or associate.
      • (In folklore) a spirit, often in animal form, believed to attend and serve a witch.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • feature

      US /ˈfitʃɚ/

      UK /'fi:tʃə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Special report in a magazine or paper
      • Distinctive or important point of something
      • Transitive Verb
      • To highlight or give special importance to
      • To give prominence to; to present or promote as a special or important item.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • fluoride

      US

      UK

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Chemical added to water to improve tooth health
      • The addition of a fluoride compound to drinking water or dental products to reduce tooth decay.
      C1
      More
    • in hot water

      US

      UK

      • Idiom
      • In trouble; in a difficult situation.
      • Experiencing disapproval or facing punishment for one's actions.
      A1
      More
    • induce

      US /ɪnˈdus, -ˈdjus/

      UK /ɪn'dju:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make someone do something; create an outcome
      • To make a woman give birth by giving her medicine
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • investigation

      US /ɪnˌvɛstɪˈɡeʃən/

      UK /ɪnˌvestɪ'ɡeɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Search for information about something
      B1
      More
    • iodine

      US /ˈaɪədaɪn/

      UK /ˈaɪədi:n/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Substance used on burns, etc. to prevent infection
      C2
      More
    • kelp

      US /kɛlp/

      UK /kelp/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Large brown seaweed with fluted leathery fronds
      C2
      More
    • layer

      US /ˈleɚ/

      UK /ˈleiə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One of several sheets of a material or object
      • A covering of something spread over a surface.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To put things one on top of another
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • on to

      US /ɑn tu/

      UK /ɔn tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Toward something; forward
      • Aware of someone's activities.
      • Adjective
      • Aware of someone's deception or illegal activities.
      A1
      More
    • organic

      US /ɔrˈɡænɪk/

      UK /ɔ:ˈgænɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Developing naturally and without a set structure
      • Concerning food made with few or no chemicals
      B1
      More
    • oxidation

      US /ˌɑksɪˈdeʃən/

      UK /ˌɒksɪ'deɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Process of combining with oxygen
      C1
      More
    • ozone

      US /ˈoʊzoʊn/

      UK /ˈəʊzəʊn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Gas protecting the earth from the sun
      • Fresh and pure air, usually near the sea
      B2
      More
    • potassium

      US /pəˈtæsiəm/

      UK /pəˈtæsiəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A common, soft, silvery white metal with many uses
      • Potassium as a nutrient found in food.
      B2
      More
    • professor

      US /prəˈfɛsɚ/

      UK /prəˈfesə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Teacher who teaches at a college or university
      • A title given to a teacher of the highest academic rank in a college or university.
      A2
      More
    • prostate

      US /ˈprɑsˌtet/

      UK /ˈprɒsteɪt/

      • Noun
      • Male gland important in the creation of semen
      B2
      More
    • pulp

      US /pʌlp/

      UK /pʌlp/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Soft, succulent part of a fruit
      B2
      More
    • salinity

      US /sə'lɪnətɪ/

      UK /sə'lɪnətɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Concentration of salt in a solution
      B2
      More
    • seed

      US /sid/

      UK /si:d/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A person's children; offspring
      • Part of a plant used to grow more on them
      • Intransitive Verb
      • (Of plants) to produce seeds for the future
      B1
      More
    • separate

      US /'sepəreɪt/

      UK /'sepəreɪt/

      • Adjective
      • Being different from or unrelated to another
      • Not connected; different.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To divide two things by being in between them
      • To move things away from each other
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • silver

      US /ˈsɪlvɚ/

      UK /'sɪlvə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Person's name
      • Shiny gray color
      • Transitive Verb
      • To coat something with a layer of silver
      • To polish silver objects to make them shine
      A2
      More
    • sodium

      US /ˈsodiəm/

      UK /'səʊdɪəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A soft, white chemical element
      B2
      More
    • solid

      US /ˈsɑlɪd/

      UK /'sɒlɪd/

      • Adjective
      • Being able to be trusted; reliable
      • Substance that is hard or of fixed shape
      • Noun
      • Something firm or hard; not gas or liquid
      A2
      More
    • stable

      US /ˈstebəl/

      UK /'steɪbl/

      • Adjective
      • In a position where something does not fall over
      • Having a chemical state that is not easily changed
      • Countable Noun
      • Group of racing horses that belong to one owner
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • strictly

      US /ˈstrɪktli/

      UK /ˈstrɪktli/

      • Adverb
      • In compliance with the rules
      A2
      More
    • sublime

      US /səˈblaɪm/

      UK /sə'blaɪm/

      • Adjective
      • The very best; excellent; so good it moves you
      C2TOEIC
      More
    • such as

      US /sʌtʃ æz/

      UK /sʌtʃ æz/

      • Preposition
      • For example; like
      A1
      More
    • synthesis

      US /ˈsɪnθɪsɪs/

      UK /ˈsɪnθəsɪs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Process of making something new out of other ones
      • Building something complex from simple parts
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • temperature

      US /ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə-/

      UK /ˈtemprətʃə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • When you your body heat is above normal
      • How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather
      A2
      More
    • therapy

      US /ˈθɛrəpi/

      UK /'θerəpɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Treatment to help cure an illness
      • Psychological counseling to help resolve personal or emotional problems.
      B2
      More
    • ubiquitous

      US /juˈbɪkwɪtəs/

      UK /ju:ˈbɪkwɪtəs/

      • Adjective
      • Found everywhere; found in many places
      C2TOEIC
      More
    • underground

      US /ˈʌndərgraʊnd/

      UK /ˈʌndəgraʊnd/

      • Adjective
      • (Being or living) under the surface of the earth
      • Secret or subversive.
      • Noun
      • Secret group organized to overthrow a government
      • Subway system, e.g. in London
      B1
      More
    • united

      US /juˈnaɪtɪd/

      UK /jʊ'naɪtɪd/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To join or come together for the same goal
      • Adjective
      • Joined or combined together
      A2
      More
    • variety

      US /vəˈraɪɪti/

      UK /və'raɪətɪ/

      • Noun
      • Particular type of thing or person
      • The quality or state of being different or diverse; the absence of uniformity, sameness, or monotony.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • violet

      US /ˈvaɪəlɪt/

      UK /'vaɪələt/

      • Noun
      • Small fragrant plant with usually purplish flowers
      B2
      More
    • widespread

      US /ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd/

      UK /ˈwaɪdspred/

      • Adjective
      • Happening or existing in many places
      A2TOEIC
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    B1US
    #iodine#fluorine#chlorine#iodide#disinfectant#oxidation

    Periodic Table Part 8: Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I, At, Tn)

    0
    Ken Lee posted on 2026/09/08
    Ready to dive into the fascinating world of halogens? This video breaks down the unique properties and common compounds of elements like fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, showing you where they're found and how they're used in everyday life. You'll pick up key vocabulary related to chemistry and discover surprising applications, from table salt to Teflon!

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