Vocabulary

• along with: In addition to; together with.
• take on: To acquire a new characteristic
• also known as: Also called; alternatively named.
• in addition to: Besides; as well as
• by steam: Using steam-powered vehicles or machinery for transport.
• on the other hand : Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
• in terms of
• of course: Sure ; Certainly
• on the way: During the journey to a particular place.
• in glass: Kept inside glass containers or greenhouses for protection or display.
• solar cells: Photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight into electricity.
• in the air: Present or circulating in the atmosphere.
• except for: Not including; excluding.
• obvious: Easily understood and clear; plain to see
• process: To organize and use data in a computer
• content: Being happy or satisfied
• present: Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
• common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
• expect: To believe something is probably going to happen
• amount: Quantity of something
• atmosphere: Air around us
• lethal: Causing or able to cause death
• industry: Hard work; being busy working
• fuel: To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
• crust: Hard outer layer of something, e.g. the earth
• blast: To attack someone with words
• state: Region within a country, with its own government
• synthetic: Not natural; made from artificial materials
• preserve: To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
• surface: To give (road) a top layer
• require: To demand that someone does something
• form: Sports team or person's current winning record
• involve: To have or be included as a part of something
• spin: To make a ball rotate when throwing it
• create: To make, cause, or bring into existence
• mass: Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
• minority: Group that is smaller and different from the rest
• ground: To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
• oxygen: A gas in the air that we need to breathe
• serve: To act in a particular position or office
• shape: The outer form of something, what it looks like
• element: Essential or particular part of something
• produce: Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
• radiation: Energy transmitted as rays, waves or particles
• narrow: Not wide; short from one side to the other
• sodium: A soft, white chemical element
• exceptionally: In an extremely and unusually good way
• utility: Public services such as gas, water, or electricity
• spiral: A continuous curve round a central point
• industrial: Concerning making things in factories
• vary: To change something and make it different
• dioxide: An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
• commonly: Typically, normally; not unusually
• reduction: Act of making something smaller
• carbon: Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
• limit: Point beyond which it is not possible to go
• important: Having power or authority
• copper: Reddish-brown metal used in cables or wires
• dose: An amount of medicine to be taken at any one time
• hydrogen: Lightest of all chemical elements
• natural: Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
• solar: Concerning the sun, or its heat
• nitrogen: A colorless chemical element without a smell
• finally: used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
• carry: To have a child, be pregnant
• ultraviolet: Concerning light waves that are extremely short
• discharge: To complete a task that has been assigned
• molecular: About or caused by molecules
• diabolical: Of, concerning, or characteristic of the devil; satanic
• sludge: Very thick type of mud, usually caused by rain
• radioactive: Emitting harmful energy from nuclear activity
• sulfur: Smelly yellow chemical often found near volcanoes
• purification: Act of removing unwanted substances
• elemental: Being basic and important
• valence: Relative capacity that interact with antigens