Vocabulary

• around the world: In or to many countries.
• in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
• symbol of: Something that represents or stands for something else, especially an object representing an abstract idea.
• thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
• as well as: Also; in addition to
• on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
• regardless of
• such as: For example; like
• as we know it: In the form or way commonly understood or accepted.
• in other words: Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
• prior to: Before a particular time or event.
• with it: Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
• shift in: A change or alteration in something.
• as one: Acting or moving together at the same time.
• for the world: Used to emphasize something would never happen.
• into space: Toward or entering the region beyond Earth's atmosphere.
• pack on: To gain weight.
• look to: Be looking to. be planning to (do something)
• in flight: Act of flying
• persevere through: To continue or persist in something despite difficulties or obstacles.
• above the law: Exempt from the laws that apply to everyone else.
• set to: To energetically begin to do, e.g. making a fire
• work on: To devote effort to improve or develop something
• as such: Something previously stated or understood
• over time: Gradually; as time passes.
• think about: To consider something carefully.
• at that time: During a specific point in the past.
• close out: To sell off or eliminate remaining items or inventory, often at discounted prices.
• genetic information: Hereditary information encoded in the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of an organism.
• hinges on: Depends entirely on something.
• single step: A solitary action or measure.
• go ahead: To start an activity; start doing, working etc.
• rise up: To attempt to defeat government or ruler
• the following: Next in order or sequence.
• on to: Toward something; forward
• pass through: To experience something, often unpleasant or difficult.
• of course: Sure ; Certainly
• rule in: To make an official decision in favor of someone in a legal case.
• rather than: More exactly; more correctly
• for all that: Despite that; even though.
• in a series: Arranged or happening one after another.
• into the stratosphere: To rise rapidly to a very high level or amount.
• for England: To an extreme degree; with great intensity, effort, or quantity.
• on the scene: Present at a location, especially where something has happened.
• from power: To lose control or position of authority.
• in the streets: Located or happening outdoors in public roads or areas.
• on the way: During the journey to a particular place.
• for the better: Resulting in improvement; to a more favorable condition.
• at a time: Separately; one by one
• vital for: Absolutely necessary or important; essential.
• above all: Most importantly; more than anything else.
• in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
• lead to: To result in some action
• six times: Multiplied by six; a factor of six.
• bubble up: To rise to the surface in bubbles.
• at least: As a minimum
• physical objects: Tangible items that can be touched or seen; material things.
• make peace: To end a state of conflict or war by agreeing to peaceful terms.
• come up with: To think of an idea or solution; produce
• instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
• from the first: From the very beginning.
• in ways: In a manner or by methods that.
• in time: Eventually; after a period of time.
• have to: Must do
• set up
• as soon as: In a short time after (something happens)
• close by: Near in distance; nearby.
• in retrospect: Thinking back on what happened
• followed up: To check information or facts later
• condemned to: To be destined for a particular fate, usually negative.
• great change: A significant or substantial alteration or transformation.
• of a sudden: Quickly and unexpectedly; suddenly.
• being with: Accompanying someone; being in someone's presence.
• in charge: To be responsible for
• used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
• ramp up: To increase the level or amount of something sharply.
• in addition to: Besides; as well as
• in the air: Present or circulating in the atmosphere.
• at large: (of a person or animal, especially one that is dangerous) not captured; free.
• entire: Complete or full; with no part left out; whole
• eventually: After a long time; after many attempts; in the end
• massive: Very big; large; too big
• impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
• completely: In every way or as much as possible
• spread: A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
• field: Area of study, such as physics or biology
• political: Being active or interested in government matters
• establish: To set or create something to last for a long time
• alter: To change so (clothing) fits better
• population: Number of people who live in a country, area etc.
• planet: One of the bodies that orbit the sun
• create: To make, cause, or bring into existence
• universal: Existing in all places at all times for all people
• humanity: Quality of being understanding or sympathetic
• mass: Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
• lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
• civilization: A highly developed society
• trade: A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
• era: Period characterized by particular events, people
• fall: Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
• revolution: When a group overthrows an existing government
• satellite: Device sent into space that aids communication
• culture: Beliefs and customs of a particular group
• invention: Something new that is different from other things
• century: Period of 100 years
• single: One run in cricket or a hit baseball
• science: Study of the physical world, based on facts
• canal: Channel cut through land for boats or ships
• allow: To admit the validity or truth of something
• simple: Not hard to understand or do; not complex
• government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
• modern: Of the present time; up to date; contemporary
• rise: To wake up and get out of bed after sleeping
• great: Very good; better than before
• turn: To become (a particular age)
• change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
• compass: Device that shows the direction of north
• empire: Group of countries controlled by one government
• treaty: An agreement between nations
• warfare: Methods used by those fighting in a war
• gunpowder: Chemical used in fireworks, to fire cannon, etc.
• armada: Fleet of warships