after all
US /ˈæftɚ ɔl/
UK /ˈɑ:ftə ɔ:l/
- Adverb
- In spite of what was expected; used to introduce a statement that supports a previous statement or explains why it was made
- Considering everything; used to indicate that something is happening or is true despite some difficulty or obstacle
- Phrase
- Despite what was expected or thought; in spite of everything.
- Taking everything into consideration; considering that.
B1Moreairborne
US /ˈerbɔ:rn/
UK /ˈeəbɔ:n/
- Adjective
- Being in the air
- Transmitted through the air.
- Noun
- A military unit trained to be transported by air and parachute into combat.
- An operation involving the dropping of troops by parachute from aircraft.
C1Morealong with
US /əˈlɔŋ wɪð/
UK /əˈlɔŋ wið/
- Preposition
- In addition to; together with.
- Adverb
- In company or together with someone or something.
- Including; in addition to.
A2Moreammonia
US /əˈmonjə/
UK /ə'məʊnɪə/
- Uncountable Noun
- Colorless liquid or gas used in cleaning products
B2Moreatmosphere
US /ˈætməˌsfɪr/
UK /'ætməsfɪə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Air around us
- Feeling or mood of a place
A2Moreback out
US /bæk aʊt/
UK /bæk aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To say you will now not do something you promised
A1Morebelow freezing
US
UK
- Adjective
- At a temperature lower than 0°C or 32°F.
- Adverb
- Describing weather conditions where the temperature is lower than 0°C or 32°F.
A1Moreblow
US /blo/
UK /bləʊ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To move something using air
- To make air come quickly out of your mouth
- Noun
- Something that causes you difficulty or sadness
- Act of making air come out of your mouth
A2Morebolster
US /ˈbolstɚ/
UK /'bəʊlstə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To prop up or support (e.g. a wall)
- Noun
- A long, often cylindrical, cushion or pillow.
- A structural part used to give support.
B2TOEICMorebreed
US /brid/
UK /bri:d/
- Noun
- Kind of / sort of
- Particular kind of animal, e.g. a Labrador dog
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To create situations for a (bad) thing to happen
- To produce baby animals of specific kinds
A2Morecall down
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To invoke or summon from a higher power or authority.
- To reprimand or scold someone, often publicly or formally.
A2Morecheck out
US /tʃɛk aʊt/
UK /tʃek aut/
- Phrase
- Phrasal Verb
- To find out information about something
- To take books out of a library
A1Morechemical
US /ˈkɛmɪkəl/
UK /ˈkemɪkl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Basic substance produced by mixing elements
- The branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.
- Adjective
- Made of various elements
A2Moreclimate
US /ˈklaɪmɪt/
UK /ˈklaɪmət/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Typical weather conditions in a particular place
- The general attitudes, feelings, or opinions that people have at a particular time.
A2Morecome from
US /kʌm frʌm/
UK /kʌm frɔm/
- Phrasal Verb
- To have as your native country or city
A1Morecomparison
US /kəmˈpærɪsən/
UK /kəmˈpærɪsn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Act of comparing things
- The quality or state of being similar or alike.
A2Morecondensation
US /ˌkɑ:ndenˈseɪʃn/
UK /ˌkɒndenˈseɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of shortening something
- Drops of water on a surface, as produced by steam
B2Morecondense
US /kənˈdɛns/
UK /kənˈdens/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To remove water from to make it thicker
- To shorten (a book, etc.) by removing part of it
B2TOEICMorecontinent
US /ˈkɑntənənt/
UK /ˈkɒntɪnənt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Very large piece of land, e.g. Africa or Asia
- Adjective
- Able to control excretory functions (bowel and bladder).
B1Moredarn
US /dɑrn/
UK /dɑ:n/
- Noun
- Hole in a piece of cloth that has been repaired
- Transitive Verb
- To repair a hole in a piece of cloth or clothing
C1Moredatum
US /ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm/
UK /ˈdeɪtəm/
- Noun
- Item of factual information
B1Moredecay
US /dɪˈke/
UK /dɪˈkeɪ/
- Intransitive Verb
- To be slowly destroyed by natural processes; rot
- To lose health or strength
- Uncountable Noun
- Slow loss of physical or mental health
B1Moredirection
US /dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ-/
UK /də'rekʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- When someone tells people what to do
- Describes the way you are going, e.g. North
A2TOEICMoredisaster
US /dɪˈzæstɚ, -ˈsæs-/
UK /dɪ'zɑ:stə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- State of extreme ruin and misfortune
- A complete failure.
- Uncountable Noun
- A situation that has gone terribly wrong.
A2Moreemit
US /ɪˈmɪt/
UK /ɪ'mɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To release or send out (a gas, etc.)
B1Moreentire
US /ɛnˈtaɪr/
UK /ɪn'taɪə(r)/
- Adjective
- Complete or full; with no part left out; whole
- Undivided; not shared or distributed.
A2TOEICMoreescape
US /ɪˈskep/
UK /ɪ'skeɪp/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
- The 'esc key' on a keyboard
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To avoid something undesirable, dangerous or bad
- To get away from a place where you are being kept
A2Morefeel like
US
UK
- Intransitive Verb
- To have a desire or inclination for something.
- To have a particular quality or sensation; resemble.
A1Morefertilizer
US /ˈfɚtlˌaɪzɚ/
UK /ˈfɜ:təlaɪzə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Substance added to soil to help plants grow
- A specific type or brand of fertilizer.
B1TOEICMorefigure out
US /ˈfɪɡjɚ aʊt/
UK /ˈfiɡə aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To understand the behavior of someone
- To think through logically to find a solution
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To understand or find an answer to something.
- To find a solution to a problem or understand something.
A1Morefluctuate
US /ˈflʌktʃuˌet/
UK /'flʌktʃʊeɪt/
- Intransitive Verb
- To shift back and forth uncertainly; change a lot
B1TOEICMoreformation
US /fɔ:rˈmeɪʃn/
UK /fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn/
- Noun
- Process of creating; making a particular shape
B1Moregaseous
US /ˈɡæsiəs, ˈɡæʃəs/
UK /ˈgæsiəs/
- Adjective
- Existing as or having characteristics of a gas
B2Moreget together
US /ɡɛt təˈɡɛðɚ/
UK /ɡet təˈɡeðə/
- Phrasal Verb
- To gather, or come together for some purpose
- To start a romantic relationship.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To meet for social or recreational purposes.
- To start a romantic relationship.
A1Moreglamorous
US /ˈɡlæmərəs/
UK /ˈglæmərəs/
- Adjective
- Attractive in a sexy way; exciting; alluring
B2Morego on
US /ɡo ɑn/
UK /ɡəu ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To continue doing something
- To happen (usually negative)
- Interjection
- Used to encourage someone
A1Moregot to
US /ɡɑt tu/
UK /gɔt tu:/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To arrive at some place
- To have the opportunity or permission to do something
- Phrasal Verb
- To appeal to the emotions of; move
- To finally begin to start something after a delay
A1Moregrow into
US /ɡro ˈɪntu/
UK /ɡrəu ˈɪntuː/
- Phrasal Verb
- To be able to wear clothes that were too big
- To adjust to over time, e.g. a new job
A1Morehave to
US /hæv tu/
UK /ˈhæv tə/
- Auxiliary Verb
- Must do
A1Morein fact
US /ɪn fækt/
UK /in fækt/
- Adverb
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
C1Morein order to
US /ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tu/
UK /in ˈɔ:də tu:/
- Preposition
- For the purpose of; with the aim of.
- Phrase
- In a specific sequence or arrangement.
- With the aim of; for the purpose of.
C1Morein places
US
UK
- Phrase
- In some locations but not others
A1Morein the air
US
UK
- Phrase
- Present or circulating in the atmosphere.
- Felt or sensed by many people; circulating as a rumor or feeling.
- Adjective
- Being broadcast on radio or television.
A1Morein the face of
US //ɪn ðə feɪs ɑv//
UK
- Phrase
- When confronted with something difficult or challenging.
- Despite; in defiance of; when confronted with.
A1Morein turn
US
UK
- Adverb
- One after the other in a sequence or rotation.
A1Moreingredient
US /ɪnˈɡridiənt/
UK /ɪnˈgri:diənt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Food item used when making a meal or drink
- Quality necessary to be something to work well
B1TOEICMoreinto space
US
UK
- Phrase
- Toward or entering the region beyond Earth's atmosphere.
- Figuratively, entering a realm of imagination or abstraction.
A1Morelink up
US /lɪŋk ʌp/
UK /liŋk ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To connect or join together physically.
- To meet someone.
B1Morelock in
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To secure something, such as a price or deal, for a specific period.
- To confine someone or something in a place by locking the door.
A1Moremess
US /mɛs/
UK /mes/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
- A difficult or confused situation.
- Transitive Verb
- To make something untidy or dirty
A2Moremigration
US /maɪˈɡreʃən/
UK /maɪˈgreɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Process of moving to live in another place
- Movement from one part of something to another.
B1Moremining
US /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/
UK /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/
- Transitive Verb
- To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
- To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of digging to get coal, gold, silver etc.
B2Moreon demand
US /ɑn dɪˈmænd/
UK /ɔn diˈmɑ:nd/
- Adverb
- Whenever requested or needed.
- Adjective
- Available whenever the customer wants it.
B1Moreon the other hand
US
UK
- Phrase
- Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
A1Moreon to
US /ɑn tu/
UK /ɔn tu:/
- Preposition
- Toward something; forward
- Aware of someone's activities.
- Adjective
- Aware of someone's deception or illegal activities.
A1Moreover time
US /ˈovɚ taɪm/
UK /ˈəuvə taim/
- Phrase
- Gradually; as time passes.
- During a long period.
- Adverb
- Gradually; as time passes.
B1Moreovercast
US
UK
- Adjective
- (Sky) being covered by clouds
C1Moreparticle
US /ˈpɑrtɪkəl/
UK /ˈpɑ:tɪkl/
- Noun
- Adverb or preposition that joins with a verb
- Tiny piece or quantity of something
B1Morepee
US /pi/
UK /pi:/
- Intransitive Verb
- To urinate
B2Morepenguin
US /ˈpɛŋɡwɪn, ˈpɛn-/
UK /'peŋɡwɪn/
- Noun
- Black and white sea bird that cannot fly
B1Moreplay out
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To use up or exhaust
- To develop or happen in a particular way.
A1Morepoop
US /pup/
UK /pu:p/
- Uncountable Noun
- Feces
- Intransitive Verb
- To defecate
C2Moreresearch
US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/
UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Study done to discover new ideas and facts
- A particular area or topic of study.
A2TOEICMoreresult in
US /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/
UK /riˈzʌlt in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To cause or produce as a consequence.
rot
US /rɑ:t/
UK /rɒt/
- Intransitive Verb
- To break down into pieces through dying; decay
- Uncountable Noun
- The process or state of decaying or rotting.
- Foolish or nonsensical talk or ideas.
B2Moreset up
US /sɛt ʌp/
UK /set ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To make arrangements for something; establish
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To arrange or prepare something for use.
- To start a business, organization, etc.
A1Moreshrink
US /ʃrɪŋk/
UK /ʃrɪŋk/
- Intransitive Verb
- To become smaller
- Noun
- A rude name for a psychiatrist
B1Moresoot
US /sʊt, sut/
UK /sʊt/
- Uncountable Noun
- Fine, black powder produced during burning
C1TOEICMoresource
US /sɔrs, sors/
UK /sɔ:s/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Piece of information; a person giving information
- Place from which something necessary comes
- Adjective
- Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
A2TOEICMorespeed up
US /spid ʌp/
UK /spi:d ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To move more quickly
A2Morespike
US /spaɪk/
UK /spaɪk/
- Noun
- The top point in a graph
- Long, thin metal rod that ends in a point
- Intransitive Verb
- To go up to a point on a graph
B2Morestatistical
US /stəˈtɪstɪkəl/
UK /stə'tɪstɪkl/
- Adjective
- Concerning the math of data
B1Morestress
US / strɛs/
UK /stres/
- Transitive Verb
- To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
- To put pressure on something or someone
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Emphasis on part of a word or sentence
- Pressure on something or someone
A2TOEICMoresurf
US /sɜ:rf/
UK /sɜ:f/
- Intransitive Verb
- To view webpages on the internet
- To ride the waves of the sea on a surfboard
- Uncountable Noun
- The ocean waves crashing against a beach
B1Morethanks to
US /θæŋks tu/
UK /θæŋks tu:/
- Preposition
- Because of; as a result of.
A1Moretiny
US /ˈtaɪni/
UK /'taɪnɪ/
- Adjective
- Very, very small
A2Moreto do with
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To be about something; concern
A1Morevisualization
US /ˌvɪʒʊəlɪˈzeʃən/
UK /ˌvɪʒʊəlaɪ'zeɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of creating an image in your mind
C1Morevisually
US /ˈvɪʒʊəlɪ/
UK /'vɪʒʊəlɪ/
- Adverb
- With respect to vision
- In a way that involves images or visual representation.
B1Moreyummy
US /ˈjʌmi/
UK /ˈjʌmi/
- Adjective
- (Of food) delicious; very tasty
C1More
Vocabulary
- in the air: Present or circulating in the atmosphere.
- link up: To connect or join together physically.
- come from: To have as your native country or city
- call down: To invoke or summon from a higher power or authority.
- to do with: To be about something; concern
- in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- in places: In some locations but not others
- in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
- get together: To gather, or come together for some purpose
- over time: Gradually; as time passes.
- grow into: To be able to wear clothes that were too big
- have to: Must do
- got to: To arrive at some place
- feel like: To have a desire or inclination for something.
- on to: Toward something; forward
- go on: To continue doing something
- after all: In spite of what was expected; used to introduce a statement that supports a previous statement or explains why it was made
- thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
- result in: To cause or produce as a consequence.
- on demand: Whenever requested or needed.
- check out
- set up
- along with: In addition to; together with.
- speed up: To move more quickly
- below freezing: At a temperature lower than 0°C or 32°F.
- in the face of: When confronted with something difficult or challenging.
- figure out: To understand the behavior of someone
- play out: To use up or exhaust
- back out: To say you will now not do something you promised
- into space: Toward or entering the region beyond Earth's atmosphere.
- lock in: To secure something, such as a price or deal, for a specific period.
- on the other hand : Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
- in turn: One after the other in a sequence or rotation.
- entire: Complete or full; with no part left out; whole
- ingredient: Food item used when making a meal or drink
- mess: Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
- atmosphere: Air around us
- climate: Typical weather conditions in a particular place
- stress: To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
- research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- continent: Very large piece of land, e.g. Africa or Asia
- spike: The top point in a graph
- shrink: To become smaller
- escape: Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
- tiny: Very, very small
- disaster: State of extreme ruin and misfortune
- direction: When someone tells people what to do
- form: Sports team or person's current winning record
- glamorous: Attractive in a sexy way; exciting; alluring
- comparison: Act of comparing things
- breed: Kind of / sort of
- blow: To move something using air
- suggest: To mention something that could be done; propose
- source: Piece of information; a person giving information
- chemical: Basic substance produced by mixing elements
- lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- formation: Process of creating; making a particular shape
- emit: To release or send out (a gas, etc.)
- decay: To be slowly destroyed by natural processes; rot
- manage: To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
- control: A device designed to operate a machine
- fluctuate: To shift back and forth uncertainly; change a lot
- fertilizer: Substance added to soil to help plants grow
- vapor: Tiny droplets or pieces of some substance spread thinly throughout the air
- particle: Adverb or preposition that joins with a verb
- antarctica: An extremely cold continent at the south pole almost entirely below the Antarctic Circle; covered by an ice cap up to , feet deep
- rot: To break down into pieces through dying; decay
- protect: To defend someone or something from harm or danger
- darn: Hole in a piece of cloth that has been repaired
- turn: To become (a particular age)
- poop: Feces
- bolster: To prop up or support (e.g. a wall)
- wind: A current of air moving approximately horizontally, especially one strong enough to be felt
- migration: Process of moving to live in another place
- start: First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
- airborne: Being in the air
- mining: To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
- understand: To know the meaning of language, what someone says
- condense: To remove water from to make it thicker
- visually: With respect to vision
- cover: To record a different version of another song
- human: A person; a man, woman or child
- statistical: Concerning the math of data
- forest: Large area with many trees
- visualization: Act of creating an image in your mind
- pee: To urinate
- datum: Item of factual information
- penguin: Black and white sea bird that cannot fly
- surf: To view webpages on the internet
- soot: Fine, black powder produced during burning
- overcast: (Sky) being covered by clouds
- condensation: Act of shortening something
- yummy: (Of food) delicious; very tasty
- ammonia: Colorless liquid or gas used in cleaning products
- gaseous: Existing as or having characteristics of a gas
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Do Penguins Control the Weather?
0
Susan posted on 2026/08/25Ever wonder if penguins secretly control the weather? This video dives into the fascinating science behind how penguin poop might actually help form clouds in Antarctica, using terms like "ammonia" and "cloud condensation nuclei." You'll learn about a surprising natural process and pick up some cool science vocabulary along the way!
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