20、 Obama
B1 Intermediate 11552 Folder Collection
After playing the video, you can click or select the word to look it up in the dictionary.
Loading...
Report Subtitle Errors
LEHRER: Good evening from the Magness Arena at the University of Denver in Denver, Colorado.
I'm Jim Lehrer of the "PBS NewsHour," and I welcome you to the first of the 2012 presidential
debates between President Barack Obama, the Democratic nominee, and former Massachusetts
Governor Mitt Romney, the Republican nominee.
LEHRER: This debate and the next three -- two presidential, one vice presidential -- are
sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates. Tonight's 90 minutes will be about
domestic issues and will follow a format designed by the commission. There will be six roughly
15-minute segments with two-minute answers for the first question, then open discussion
for the remainder of each segment.
Thousands of people offered suggestions on segment subjects or questions via the Internet
and other means, but I made the final selections. And for the record, they were not submitted
for approval to the commission or the candidates.
The segments as I announced in advance will be three on the economy and one each on health
care, the role of government and governing, with an emphasis throughout on differences,
specifics and choices. Both candidates will also have two-minute closing statements.
The audience here in the hall has promised to remain silent -- no cheers, applause, boos,
hisses, among other noisy distracting things, so we may all concentrate on what the candidates
have to say. There is a noise exception right now, though, as we welcome President Obama
and Governor Romney.
(APPLAUSE)
Gentlemen, welcome to you both. Let's start the economy, segment one, and let's begin
with jobs. What are the major differences between the two of you about how you would
go about creating new jobs?
LEHRER: You have two minutes. Each of you have two minutes to start. A coin toss has
determined, Mr. President, you go first.
OBAMA: Well, thank you very much, Jim, for this opportunity. I want to thank Governor
Romney and the University of Denver for your hospitality.
There are a lot of points I want to make tonight, but the most important one is that 20 years
ago I became the luckiest man on Earth because Michelle Obama agreed to marry me.
And so I just want to wish, Sweetie, you happy anniversary and let you know that a year from
now we will not be celebrating it in front of 40 million people.
(LAUGHTER)
You know, four years ago we went through the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression.
Millions of jobs were lost, the auto industry was on the brink of collapse. The financial
system had frozen up.
And because of the resilience and the determination of the American people, we've begun to fight
our way back. Over the last 30 months, we've seen 5 million jobs in the private sector
created. The auto industry has come roaring back. And housing has begun to rise.
But we all know that we've still got a lot of work to do. And so the question here tonight
is not where we've been, but where we're going.
Governor Romney has a perspective that says if we cut taxes, skewed towards the wealthy,
and roll back regulations, that we'll be better off. I've got a different view.
I think we've got to invest in education and training. I think it's important for us to
develop new sources of energy here in America, that we change our tax code to make sure that
we're helping small businesses and companies that are investing here in the United States,
that we take some of the money that we're saving as we wind down two wars to rebuild
America and that we reduce our deficit in a balanced way that allows us to make these
critical investments.
ROMNEY: Now, I'm
concerned that the path that we're on has just been unsuccessful. The president has
a view very similar to the view he had when he ran four years, that a bigger government,
spending more, taxing more, regulating more -- if you will, trickle-down government -- would
work.
That's not the right answer for America. I'll restore the vitality that gets America working
again. Thank you.
LEHRER: Mr. President, please respond directly to what the governor just said about trickle-down
-- his trick-down approach, as he said yours is.
OBAMA: Well, let me talk specifically about what I think we need to do. First, we've got
to improve our education system and we've made enormous progress drawing on ideas both
from Democrats and Republicans that are already starting to show gains in some of the toughest
to deal with schools. We've got a program called Race to the Top that has prompted reforms
in 46 states around the country, raising standards, improving how we train teachers.
So now I want to hire another 100,000 new math and science teachers, and create 2 million
more slots in our community colleges so that people can get trained for the jobs that are
out there right now. And I want to make sure that we keep tuition low for our young people.
When it comes to our tax code, Governor Romney and I both agree that our corporate tax rate
is too high, so I want to lower it, particularly for manufacturing, taking it down to 25 percent.
But I also want to close those loopholes that are giving incentives for companies that are
shipping jobs overseas. I want to provide tax breaks for companies that are investing
here in the United States.
On energy, Governor Romney and I, we both agree that we've got to boost American energy
production, and oil and natural gas production are higher than they've been in years. But
I also believe that we've got to look at the energy sources of the future, like wind and
solar and biofuels, and make those investments.
OBAMA: So all of this is possible. Now, in order for us to do it, we do have to close
our deficit, and one of the things I'm sure we'll be discussing tonight is, how do we
deal with our tax code? And how do we make sure that we are reducing spending in a responsible
way, but also, how do we have enough revenue to make those investments?
And this is where there's a difference, because Governor Romney's central economic plan calls
for a $5 trillion tax cut -- on top of the extension of the Bush tax cuts -- that's another
trillion dollars -- and $2 trillion in additional military spending that the military hasn't
asked for. That's $8 trillion. How we pay for that, reduce the deficit, and make the
investments that we need to make, without dumping those costs onto middle-class Americans,
I think is one of the central questions of this campaign.
LEHRER: Both of you have spoken about a lot of different things, and we're going to try
to get through them in as specific a way as we possibly can.
But, first, Governor Romney, do you have a question that you'd like to ask the president
directly about something he just said?
ROMNEY: Well, sure. I'd like to clear up the record and go through it piece by piece.
First of all, I don't have a $5 trillion tax cut. I don't have a tax cut of a scale that
you're talking about. My view is that we ought to provide tax relief to people in the middle
class. But I'm not going to reduce the share of taxes paid by high-income people. High-income
people are doing just fine in this economy. They'll do fine whether you're president or
I am.
The people who are having the hard time right now are middle- income Americans. Under the
president's policies, middle-income Americans have been buried. They're just being crushed.
Middle- income Americans have seen their income come down by $4,300. This is a -- this is
a tax in and of itself. I'll call it the economy tax. It's been crushing.
At the same time, gasoline prices have doubled under the president. Electric rates are up.
Food prices are up. Health care costs have gone up by $2,500 a family. Middle-income
families are being crushed.
ROMNEY: And so the question is how to get them going again. And I've described it. It's
energy and trade, the right kind of training programs, balancing our budget and helping
small business. Those are the -- the cornerstones of my plan.
But the president mentioned a couple of other ideas I'll just note. First, education. I
agree: Education is key, particularly the future of our economy. But our training programs
right now, we've got 47 of them, housed in the federal government, reporting to eight
different agencies. Overhead is overwhelming. We've got to get those dollars back to the
states and go to the workers so they can create their own pathways to get in the training
they need for jobs that will really help them.
The second area, taxation, we agree, we ought to bring the tax rates down. And I do, both
for corporations and for individuals. But in order for us not to lose revenue, have
the government run out of money, I also lower deductions and credits and exemptions, so
that we keep taking in the same money when you also account for growth.
The third area, energy. Energy is critical, and the president pointed out correctly that
production of oil and gas in the U.S. is up. But not due to his policies. In spite of his
policies.
Mr. President, all of the increase in natural gas and oil has happened on private land,
not on government land. On government land, your administration has cut the number of
permits and licenses in half. If I'm president, I'll double them, and also get the -- the
oil from offshore and Alaska. And I'll bring that pipeline in from Canada.
And, by the way, I like coal. I'm going to make sure we can continue to burn clean coal.
People in the coal industry feel like it's getting crushed by your policies. I want to
get America and North America energy independent so we can create those jobs.
And finally, with regards to that tax cut, look, I'm not looking to cut massive taxes
and to reduce the -- the revenues going to the government. My -- my number-one principal
is, there will be no tax cut that adds to the deficit. I want to underline that: no
tax cut that adds to the deficit.
But I do want to reduce the burden being paid by middle-income Americans. And I -- and to
do that, that also means I cannot reduce the burden paid by high-income Americans. So any
-- any language to the contrary is simply not accurate. LEHRER: Mr. President?
OBAMA: Well, I think -- let's talk about taxes, because I think it's instructive. Now, four
years ago, when I stood on this stage, I said that I would cut taxes for middle-class families.
And that's exactly what I did. We cut taxes for middle-class families by about $3,600.
And the reason is, because I believe that we do best when the middle class is doing
well. And by giving them those tax cuts, they had a little more money in their pocket, and
so maybe they can buy a new car. They are certainly in a better position to weather
the extraordinary recession that we went through. They can buy a computer for their kid who's
going off to college, which means they're spending more money, businesses have more
customers, businesses make more profits, and then hire more workers.
Now, Governor Romney's proposal that he has been promoting for 18 months calls for a $5
trillion tax cut, on top of $2 trillion of additional spending for our military. And
he is saying that he is going to pay for it by closing loopholes and deductions. The problem
is that he's been asked over 100 times how you would close those deductions and loopholes,
and he hasn't been able to identify them.
But I'm going to make an important point here, Jim.
LEHRER: All right.
OBAMA: When you add up all the loopholes and deductions that upper-income individuals can
-- are currently taking advantage of, you take those all away, you don't come close
to paying for $5 trillion in tax cuts and $2 trillion in additional military spending.
OBAMA: And that's why independent studies looking at this said the only way to meet
Governor Romney's pledge of not reducing the deficit or -- or -- or not adding to the deficit
is by burdening middle-class families. The average middle-class family with children
would pay about $2,000 more.
Now, that's not my analysis. That's the analysis of economists who have looked at this. And
-- and that kind of top -- top-down economics, where folks at the top are doing well, so
the average person making $3 million is getting a $250,000 tax break, while middle-class families
are burdened further, that's not what I believe is a recipe for economic growth.
LEHRER: All right. What is the difference? Let's just stay on taxes.
(CROSSTALK)
LEHRER: Just -- let's just stay on taxes for (inaudible).
(CROSSTALK)
LEHRER: What is the difference...
ROMNEY: Well, but -- but virtually -- virtually everything he just said about my tax plan
is inaccurate.
LEHRER: All right.
ROMNEY: So if the tax plan he described were a tax plan I was asked to support, I'd say
absolutely not. I'm not looking for a $5 trillion tax cut. What I've said is I won't put in
place a tax cut that adds to the deficit. That's part one. So there's no economist that
can say Mitt Romney's tax plan adds $5 trillion if I say I will not add to the deficit with
my tax plan.
Number two, I will not reduce the share paid by high-income individuals. I know that you
and your running mate keep saying that and I know it's a popular thing to say with a
lot of people, but it's just not the case. Look, I've got five boys. I'm used to people
saying something that's not always true, but just keep on repeating it and ultimately hoping
I'll believe it. But that -- that is not the case. All right? I will not reduce the taxes
paid by high-income Americans.
And number three, I will not under any circumstances raise taxes on middle-income families. I will
lower taxes on middle-income families. Now, you cite a study. There are six other studies
that looked at the study you describe and say it's completely wrong. I saw a study that
came out today that said you're going to raise taxes by $3,000 to $4,000 on middle-income
families.
There are all these studies out there. But let's get at the bottom line. That is, I want
to bring down rates. I want to bring the rates down, at the same time lower deductions and
exemptions and credits and so forth, so we keep getting the revenue we need. And you'd
think, well, then why lower the rates?
ROMNEY: And the reason is because small business pays that individual rate; 54 percent of America's
workers work in businesses that are taxed not at the corporate tax rate, but at the
individual tax rate. And if we lower that rate, they will be able to hire more people.
For me, this is about jobs. This is about getting jobs for the American people.
(CROSSTALK)
LEHRER: That's where we started. Yeah.
Do you challenge what the governor just said about his own plan?
OBAMA: Well, for 18 months he's been running on this tax plan. And now, five weeks before
the election, he's saying that his big, bold idea is, "Never mind."
And the fact is that if you are lowering the rates the way you described, Governor, then
it is not possible to come up with enough deductions and loopholes that only affect
high-income individuals to avoid either raising the deficit or burdening the middle class.
It's -- it's math. It's arithmetic.
Now, Governor Romney and I do share a deep interest in encouraging small-business growth.
So at the same time that my tax plan has already lowered taxes for 98 percent of families,
I also lowered taxes for small businesses 18 times. And what I want to do is continue
the tax rates -- the tax cuts that we put into place for small businesses and families.
But I have said that for incomes over $250,000 a year, that we should go back to the rates
that we had when Bill Clinton was president, when we created 23 million new jobs, went
from deficit to surplus, and created a whole lot of millionaires to boot.
And the reason this is important is because by doing that, we cannot only reduce the deficit,
we cannot only encourage job growth through small businesses, but we're also able to make
the investments that are necessary in education or in energy.
OBAMA: And we do have a difference, though, when it comes to definitions of small business.
Under -- under my plan, 97 percent of small businesses would not see their income taxes
go up. Governor Romney says, well, those top 3 percent, they're the job creators, they'd
be burdened.
But under Governor Romney's definition, there are a whole bunch of millionaires and billionaires
who are small businesses. Donald Trump is a small business. Now, I know Donald Trump
doesn't like to think of himself as small anything, but -- but that's how you define
small businesses if you're getting business income.
And that kind of approach, I believe, will not grow our economy, because the only way
to pay for it without either burdening the middle class or blowing up our deficit is
to make drastic cuts in things like education, making sure that we are continuing to invest
in basic science and research, all the things that are helping America grow. And I think
that would be a mistake.
LEHRER: All right.
ROMNEY: Jim, let me just come back on that -- on that point, which is these...
LEHRER: Just for the -- just for record...
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: ... the small businesses we're talking about...
LEHRER: Excuse me. Excuse me. Just so everybody understands, we're way over our first 15 minutes.
ROMNEY: It's fun, isn't it?
LEHRER: It's OK, it's great. No problem. Well, you all don't have -- you don't have a problem,
I don't have a problem, because we're still on the economy. We're going to come back to
taxes. I want move on to the deficit and a lot of other things, too.
OK, but go ahead, sir.
ROMNEY: You bet. Well, President, you're -- Mr. President, you're absolutely right, which
is that, with regards to 97 percent of the businesses are not -- not taxed at the 35
percent tax rate, they're taxed at a lower rate. But those businesses that are in the
last 3 percent of businesses happen to employ half -- half of all the people who work in
small business. Those are the businesses that employ one-quarter of all the workers in America.
And your plan is to take their tax rate from 35 percent to 40 percent.
Now, and -- and I've talked to a guy who has a very small business. He's in the electronics
business in -- in St. Louis. He has four employees. He said he and his son calculated how much
they pay in taxes, federal income tax, federal payroll tax, state income tax, state sales
tax, state property tax, gasoline tax. It added up to well over 50 percent of what they
earned. And your plan is to take the tax rate on successful small businesses from 35 percent
to 40 percent. The National Federation of Independent Businesses has said that will
cost 700,000 jobs.
I don't want to cost jobs. My priority is jobs. And so what I do is I bring down the
tax rates, lower deductions and exemptions, the same idea behind Bowles-Simpson, by the
way, get the rates down, lower deductions and exemptions, to create more jobs, because
there's nothing better for getting us to a balanced budget than having more people working,
earning more money, paying more taxes. That's by far the most effective and efficient way
to get this budget balanced.
OBAMA: Jim, I -- you may want to move onto another topic, but I -- I would just say this
to the American people. If you believe that we can cut taxes by $5 trillion and add $2
trillion in additional spending that the military is not asking for, $7 trillion -- just to
give you a sense, over 10 years, that's more than our entire defense budget -- and you
think that by closing loopholes and deductions for the well-to-do, somehow you will not end
up picking up the tab, then Governor Romney's plan may work for you.
But I think math, common sense, and our history shows us that's not a recipe for job growth.
Look, we've tried this. We've tried both approaches. The approach that Governor Romney's talking
about is the same sales pitch that was made in 2001 and 2003, and we ended up with the
slowest job growth in 50 years, we ended up moving from surplus to deficits, and it all
culminated in the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression.
OBAMA: Bill Clinton tried the approach that I'm talking about. We created 23 million new
jobs. We went from deficit to surplus. And businesses did very well. So, in some ways,
we've got some data on which approach is more likely to create jobs and opportunity for
Americans and I believe that the economy works best when middle-class families are getting
tax breaks so that they've got some money in their pockets, and those of us who have
done extraordinarily well because of this magnificent country that we live in, that
we can afford to do a little bit more to make sure we're not blowing up the deficit.
ROMNEY: Jim, the president began this segment, so I think I get the last word.
(CROSSTALK)
LEHRER: Well, you're going to get the first word in the next segment.
ROMNEY: All right. Well, but he gets the first word of that segment. I get the last word
(inaudible) I hope. Let me just make this comment.
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: I think first of all, let me -- let me repeat -- let me repeat what I said. I'm
not in favor of a $5 trillion tax cut. That's not my plan. My plan is not to put in place
any tax cut that will add to the deficit. That's point one.
So you may keep referring to it as a $5 trillion tax cut, but that's not my plan.
Number two, let's look at history. My plan is not like anything that's been tried before.
My plan is to bring down rates, but also bring down deductions and exemptions and credits
at the same time so the revenue stays in, but that we bring down rates to get more people
working.
My priority is putting people back to work in America. They're suffering in this country.
And we talk about evidence. Look at the evidence of the last four years. It's absolutely extraordinary.
We've got 23 million people out of work or stopped looking for work in this country.
It's just -- it's -- we've got -- when the president took office, 32 million people on
food stamps; 47 million on food stamps today; economic growth this year slower than last
year, and last year slower than the year before.
Going forward with the status quo is not going to cut it for the American people who are
struggling today.
LEHRER: All right. Let's talk -- we're still on the economy. This is, theoretically now,
a second segment still on the economy, and specifically on what to do about the federal
deficit, the federal debt.
And the question, you each have two minutes on this, and Governor Romney, you -- you go
first because the president went first on segment one. And the question is this, what
are the differences between the two of you as to how you would go about tackling the
deficit problem in this country?
ROMNEY: Good. I'm glad you raised that, and it's a -- it's a critical issue. I think it's
not just an economic issue, I think it's a moral issue. I think it's, frankly, not moral
for my generation to keep spending massively more than we take in, knowing those burdens
are going to be passed on to the next generation and they're going to be paying the interest
and the principal all their lives.
And the amount of debt we're adding, at a trillion a year, is simply not moral.
So how do we deal with it? Well, mathematically, there are three ways that you can cut a deficit.
One, of course, is to raise taxes. Number two is to cut spending. And number is to grow
the economy, because if more people work in a growing economy, they're paying taxes, and
you can get the job done that way.
The presidents would -- president would prefer raising taxes. I understand. The problem with
raising taxes is that it slows down the rate of growth. And you could never quite get the
job done. I want to lower spending and encourage economic growth at the same time.
What things would I cut from spending? Well, first of all, I will eliminate all programs
by this test, if they don't pass it: Is the program so critical it's worth borrowing money
from China to pay for it? And if not, I'll get rid of it. Obamacare's on my list.
I apologize, Mr. President. I use that term with all respect, by the way.
OBAMA: I like it.
ROMNEY: Good. OK, good. So I'll get rid of that.
I'm sorry, Jim, I'm going to stop the subsidy to PBS. I'm going to stop other things. I
like PBS, I love Big Bird. Actually like you, too. But I'm not going to -- I'm not going
to keep on spending money on things to borrow money from China to pay for. That's number
one.
Number two, I'll take programs that are currently good programs but I think could be run more
efficiently at the state level and send them to the state.
ROMNEY: Number three, I'll make government more efficient and to cut back the number
of employees, combine some agencies and departments. My cutbacks will be done through attrition,
by the way.
This is the approach we have to take to get America to a balanced budget.
The president said he'd cut the deficit in half. Unfortunately, he doubled it. Trillion-dollar
deficits for the last four years. The president's put it in place as much public debt -- almost
as much debt held by the public as al prior presidents combined.
LEHRER: Mr. President, two minutes.
OBAMA: When I walked into the Oval Office, I had more than a trillion-dollar deficit
greeting me. And we know where it came from: two wars that were paid for on a credit card;
two tax cuts that were not paid for; and a whole bunch of programs that were not paid
for; and then a massive economic crisis.
And despite that, what we've said is, yes, we had to take some initial emergency measures
to make sure we didn't slip into a Great Depression, but what we've also said is, let's make sure
that we are cutting out those things that are not helping us grow.
So 77 government programs, everything from aircrafts that the Air Force had ordered but
weren't working very well, 18 government -- 18 government programs for education that were
well-intentioned, not weren't helping kids learn, we went after medical fraud in Medicare
and Medicaid very aggressively, more aggressively than ever before, and have saved tens of billions
of dollars, $50 billion of waste taken out of the system.
And I worked with Democrats and Republicans to cut a trillion dollars out of our discretionary
domestic budget. That's the largest cut in the discretionary domestic budget since Dwight
Eisenhower.
Now, we all know that we've got to do more. And so I've put forward a specific $4 trillion
deficit reduction plan. It's on a website. You can look at all the numbers, what cuts
we make and what revenue we raise.
And the way we do it is $2.50 for every cut, we ask for $1 of additional revenue, paid
for, as I indicated earlier, by asking those of us who have done very well in this country
to contribute a little bit more to reduce the deficit. Governor Romney earlier mentioned
the Bowles-Simpson commission. Well, that's how the commission -- bipartisan commission
that talked about how we should move forward suggested we have to do it, in a balanced
way with some revenue and some spending cuts. And this is a major difference that Governor
Romney and I have.
Let -- let me just finish their point, because you're looking for contrast. You know, when
Governor Romney stood on a stage with other Republican candidates for the nomination and
he was asked, would you take $10 of spending cuts for just $1 of revenue? And he said no.
Now, if you take such an unbalanced approach, then that means you are going to be gutting
our investments in schools and education. It means that Governor Romney...
(CROSSTALK)
OBAMA: ... talked about Medicaid and how we could send it back to the states, but effectively
this means a 30 percent cut in the primary program we help for seniors who are in nursing
homes, for kids who are with disabilities.
LEHRER: Mr. President, I'm sorry.
OBAMA: And -- and that is not a right strategy for us to move forward.
LEHRER: Way over the two minutes.
OBAMA: Sorry.
LEHRER: Governor, what about Simpson-Bowles? Do you support Simpson-Bowles?
ROMNEY: Simpson-Bowles, the president should have grabbed that.
LEHRER: No, I mean, do you support Simpson-Bowles?
ROMNEY: I have my own plan. It's not the same as Simpson- Bowles. But in my view, the president
should have grabbed it. If you wanted to make some adjustments to it, take it, go to Congress,
fight for it.
OBAMA: That's what we've done, made some adjustments to it, and we're putting it forward before
Congress right now, a $4 trillion plan...
ROMNEY: But you've been -- but you've been president four years...
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: You've been president four years. You said you'd cut the deficit in half. It's
now four years later. We still have trillion-dollar deficits. The CBO says we'll have a trillion-dollar
deficit each of the next four years. If you're re-elected, we'll get to a trillion-dollar
debt.
ROMNEY: I mean, you have said before you'd cut the deficit in half. And this -- I love
this idea of $4 trillion in cuts. You found $4 trillion of ways to reduce or to get closer
to a balanced budget, except we still show trillion-dollar deficits every year. That
doesn't get the job done.
Let me come back and say, why is it that I don't want to raise taxes? Why don't I want
to raise taxes on people? And actually, you said it back in 2010. You said, "Look, I'm
going to extend the tax policies that we have now; I'm not going to raise taxes on anyone,
because when the economy is growing slow like this, when we're in recession, you shouldn't
raise taxes on anyone."
Well, the economy is still growing slow. As a matter of fact, it's growing much more slowly
now than when you made that statement. And so if you believe the same thing, you just
don't want to raise taxes on people. And the reality is it's not just wealthy people -- you
mentioned Donald Trump. It's not just Donald Trump you're taxing. It's all those businesses
that employ one-quarter of the workers in America; these small businesses that are taxed
as individuals.
You raise taxes and you kill jobs. That's why the National Federation of Independent
Businesses said your plan will kill 700,000 jobs. I don't want to kill jobs in this environment.
I'll make one more point.
(CROSSTALK)
LEHRER: (inaudible) answer the taxes thing for a moment.
ROMNEY: OK.
LEHRER: Mr. President?
OBAMA: Well, we've had this discussion before.
LEHRER: About the idea that in order to reduce the deficit, there has to be revenue in addition
to cuts.
OBAMA: There has to be revenue in addition to cuts. Now, Governor Romney has ruled out
revenue. He's ruled out revenue.
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: Absolutely. (CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: Look, the revenue I get is by more people working, getting higher pay, paying
more taxes. That's how we get growth and how we balance the budget. But the idea of taxing
people more, putting more people out of work, you'll never get there. You'll never balance
the budget by raising taxes.
Spain -- Spain spends 42 percent of their total economy on government. We're now spending
42 percent of our economy on government. I don't want to go down the path to Spain. I
want to go down the path of growth that puts Americans to work with more money coming in
because they're working.
LEHRER: But -- but Mr. President, you're saying in order to -- to get the job done, it's got
to be balanced. You've got to have...
(CROSSTALK)
OBAMA: If -- if we're serious, we've got to take a balanced, responsible approach. And
by the way, this is not just when it comes to individual taxes. Let's talk about corporate
taxes.
Now, I've identified areas where we can, right away, make a change that I believe would actually
help the economy.
The oil industry gets $4 billion a year in corporate welfare. Basically, they get deductions
that those small businesses that Governor Romney refers to, they don't get.
Now, does anybody think that ExxonMobil needs some extra money, when they're making money
every time you go to the pump? Why wouldn't we want to eliminate that? Why wouldn't we
eliminate tax breaks for corporate jets? My attitude is, if you got a corporate jet, you
can probably afford to pay full freight, not get a special break for it.
When it comes to corporate taxes, Governor Romney has said he wants to, in a revenue
neutral way, close loopholes, deductions -- he hasn't identified which ones they are -- but
that thereby bring down the corporate rate.
Well, I want to do the same thing, but I've actually identified how we can do that. And
part of the way to do it is to not give tax breaks to companies that are shipping jobs
overseas.
Right now, you can actually take a deduction for moving a plant overseas. I think most
Americans would say that doesn't make sense. And all that raises revenue.
And so if we take a balanced approach, what that then allows us to do is also to help
young people, the way we already have during my administration, make sure that they can
afford to go to college.
OBAMA: It means that the teacher that I met in Las Vegas, a wonderful young lady, who
describes to me -- she's got 42 kids in her class. The first two weeks she's got them,
some of them sitting on the floor until finally they get reassigned. They're using text books
that are 10 years old.
That is not a recipe for growth. That's not how America was built. And so budgets reflect
choices.
Ultimately, we're going to have to make some decisions. And if we're asking for no revenue,
then that means that we've got to get rid of a whole bunch of stuff.
And the magnitude of the tax cuts that you're talking about, Governor, would end up resulting
in severe hardship for people, but more importantly, would not help us grow.
As I indicated before, when you talk about shifting Medicaid to states, we're talking
about potentially a 30 -- a 30 percent cut in Medicaid over time.
Now, you know, that may not seem like a big deal when it just is, you know, numbers on
a sheet of paper, but if we're talking about a family who's got an autistic kid and is
depending on that Medicaid, that's a big problem.
And governors are creative. There's no doubt about it. But they're not creative enough
to make up for 30 percent of revenue on something like Medicaid. What ends up happening is some
people end up not getting help.
ROMNEY: Jim, let's -- we've gone on a lot of topics there, and so it's going to take
a minute to go from Medicaid to schools...
LEHRER: Come back to...
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: ... to oil, to tax breaks, then companies going overseas. So let's go through them one
by one.
First of all, the Department of Energy has said the tax break for oil companies is $2.8
billion a year. And it's actually an accounting treatment, as you know, that's been in place
for a hundred years. Now...
OBAMA: It's time to end it.
ROMNEY: And in one year, you provided $90 billion in breaks to the green energy world.
Now, I like green energy as well, but that's about 50 years' worth of what oil and gas
receives. And you say Exxon and Mobil. Actually, this $2.8 billion goes largely to small companies,
to drilling operators and so forth.
ROMNEY: But, you know, if we get that tax rate from 35 percent down to 25 percent, why
that $2.8 billion is on the table. Of course it's on the table. That's probably not going
to survive you get that rate down to 25 percent.
But don't forget, you put $90 billion, like 50 years' worth of breaks, into -- into solar
and wind, to Solyndra and Fisker and Tester and Ener1. I mean, I had a friend who said
you don't just pick the winners and losers, you pick the losers, all right? So this -- this
is not -- this is not the kind of policy you want to have if you want to get America energy
secure.
The second topic, which is you said you get a deduction for taking a plant overseas. Look,
I've been in business for 25 years. I have no idea what you're talking about. I maybe
need to get a new accountant.
LEHRER: Let's...
ROMNEY: But -- but the idea that you get a break for shipping jobs overseas is simply
not the case.
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: What we do have right now is a setting where I'd like to bring money from overseas
back to this country.
And, finally, Medicaid to states? I'm not quite sure where that came in, except this,
which is, I would like to take the Medicaid dollars that go to states and say to a state,
you're going to get what you got last year, plus inflation, plus 1 percent, and then you're
going to manage your care for your poor in the way you think best.
And I remember, as a governor, when this idea was floated by Tommy Thompson, the governors
-- Republican and Democrats -- said, please let us do that. We can care for our own poor
in so much better and more effective a way than having the federal government tell us
how to care for our poor.
So -- so let's state -- one of the magnificent things about this country is the whole idea
that states are the laboratories of democracy. Don't have the federal government tell everybody
what kind of training programs they have to have and what kind of Medicaid they have to
have. Let states do this.
And, by the way, if a state gets in trouble, well, we can step in and see if we can find
a way to help them.
LEHRER: Let's go.
ROMNEY: But -- but the right -- the right approach is one which relies on the brilliance
of our people and states, not the federal government.
LEHRER: (inaudible) and we're going on -- still on the economy, on another -- but another
part of it...
OBAMA: OK.
LEHRER: All right? All right. This is segment three, the economy. Entitlements. First -- first
answer goes to you, two minutes, Mr. President. Do you see a major difference between the
two of you on Social Security?
OBAMA: You know, I suspect that, on Social Security, we've got a somewhat similar position.
Social Security is structurally sound. It's going to have to be tweaked the way it was
by Ronald Reagan and Speaker -- Democratic Speaker Tip O'Neill. But it is -- the basic
structure is sound.
But -- but I want to talk about the values behind Social Security and Medicare, and then
talk about Medicare, because that's the big driver of our deficits right now.
You know, my grandmother -- some of you know -- helped to raise me. My grandparents did.
My grandfather died a while back. My grandmother died three days before I was elected president.
And she was fiercely independent. She worked her way up, only had a high school education,
started as a secretary, ended up being the vice president of a local bank. And she ended
up living alone by choice.
And the reason she could be independent was because of Social Security and Medicare. She
had worked all her life, put in this money, and understood that there was a basic guarantee,
a floor under which she could not go.
And that's the perspective I bring when I think about what's called entitlements. You
know, the name itself implies some sense of dependency on the part of these folks. These
are folks who've worked hard, like my grandmother, and there are millions of people out there
who are counting on this.
OBAMA: So my approach is to say, how do we strengthen the system over the long term?
And in Medicare, what we did was we said, we are going to have to bring down the costs
if we're going to deal with our long-term deficits, but to do that, let's look where
some of the money's going.
$716 billion we were able to save from the Medicare program by no longer overpaying insurance
companies by making sure that we weren't overpaying providers. And using that money, we were actually
able to lower prescription drug costs for seniors by an average of $600, and we were
also able to make a -- make a significant dent in providing them the kind of preventive
care that will ultimately save money through the -- throughout the system.
So the way for us to deal with Medicare in particular is to lower health care costs.
When it comes to Social Security, as I said, you don't need a major structural change in
order to make sure that Social Security is there for the future.
LEHRER: We'll follow up on this.
First, Governor Romney, you have two minutes on Social Security and entitlements.
ROMNEY: Well, Jim, our seniors depend on these programs, and I know anytime we talk about
entitlements, people become concerned that something's going to happen that's going to
change their life for the worse.
And the answer is neither the president nor I are proposing any changes for any current
retirees or near retirees, either to Social Security or Medicare. So if you're 60 or around
60 or older, you don't need to listen any further.
But for younger people, we need to talk about what changes are going to be occurring. Oh,
I just thought about one. And that is, in fact, I was wrong when I said the president
isn't proposing any changes for current retirees. In fact he is on Medicare. On Social Security
he's not.
But on Medicare, for current retirees, he's cutting $716 billion from the program. Now,
he says by not overpaying hospitals and providers. Actually just going to them and saying, "We're
going to reduce the rates you get paid across the board, everybody's going to get a lower
rate." That's not just going after places where there's abuse. That's saying we're cutting
the rates. Some 15 percent of hospitals and nursing homes say they won't take anymore
Medicare patients under that scenario.
We also have 50 percent of doctors who say they won't take more Medicare patients.
This -- we have 4 million people on Medicare Advantage that will lose Medicare Advantage
because of those $716 billion in cuts. I can't understand how you can cut Medicare $716 billion
for current recipients of Medicare.
Now, you point out, well, we're putting some back. We're going to give a better prescription
program. That's $1 -- that's $1 for every $15 you've cut. They're smart enough to know
that's not a good trade.
I want to take that $716 billion you've cut and put it back into Medicare. By the way,
we can include a prescription program if we need to improve it.
But the idea of cutting $716 billion from Medicare to be able to balance the additional
cost of Obamacare is, in my opinion, a mistake.
And with regards to young people coming along, I've got proposals to make sure Medicare and
Social Security are there for them without any question.
LEHRER: Mr. President?
OBAMA: First of all, I think it's important for Governor Romney to present this plan that
he says will only affect folks in the future.
And the essence of the plan is that you would turn Medicare into a voucher program. It's
called premium support, but it's understood to be a voucher program. His running mate...
LEHRER: And you don't support that?
OBAMA: I don't. And let me explain why.
ROMNEY: Again, that's for future...
OBAMA: I understand.
ROMNEY: ... people, right, not for current retirees.
OBAMA: For -- so if you're -- if you're 54 or 55, you might want to listen 'cause this
-- this will affect you.
The idea, which was originally presented by Congressman Ryan, your running mate, is that
we would give a voucher to seniors and they could go out in the private marketplace and
buy their own health insurance.
The problem is that because the voucher wouldn't necessarily keep up with health care inflation,
it was estimated that this would cost the average senior about $6,000 a year.
Now, in fairness, what Governor Romney has now said is he'll maintain traditional Medicare
alongside it. But there's still a problem, because what happens is, those insurance companies
are pretty clever at figuring out who are the younger and healthier seniors. They recruit
them, leaving the older, sicker seniors in Medicare. And every health care economist
that looks at it says, over time, what'll happen is the traditional Medicare system
will collapse.
OBAMA: And then what you've got is folks like my grandmother at the mercy of the private
insurance system precisely at the time when they are most in need of decent health care.
So, I don't think vouchers are the right way to go. And this is not my own -- only my opinion.
AARP thinks that the -- the savings that we obtained from Medicare bolster the system,
lengthen the Medicare trust fund by eight years. Benefits were not affected at all.
And ironically, if you repeal Obamacare, and I have become fond of this term, "Obamacare,"
if you repeal it, what happens is those seniors right away are going to be paying $600 more
in prescription care. They're now going to have to be paying copays for basic checkups
that can keep them healthier.
And the primary beneficiary of that repeal are insurance companies that are estimated
to gain billions of dollars back when they aren't making seniors any healthier. And I
don't think that's the right approach when it comes to making sure that Medicare is stronger
over the long term.
LEHRER: We'll talk about -- specifically about health care in a moment. But what -- do you
support the voucher system, Governor?
ROMNEY: What I support is no change for current retirees and near-retirees to Medicare. And
the president supports taking $716 billion out of that program.
LEHRER: And what about the vouchers?
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: So that's -- that's number one.
Number two is for people coming along that are young, what I do to make sure that we
can keep Medicare in place for them is to allow them either to choose the current Medicare
program or a private plan. Their choice.
They get to choose -- and they'll have at least two plans that will be entirely at no
cost to them. So they don't have to pay additional money, no additional $6,000. That's not going
to happen. They'll have at least two plans.
ROMNEY: And by the way, if the government can be as efficient as the private sector
and offer premiums that are as low as the private sector, people will be happy to get
traditional Medicare or they'll be able to get a private plan.
I know my own view is I'd rather have a private plan. I'd just assume not have the government
telling me what kind of health care I get. I'd rather be able to have an insurance company.
If I don't like them, I can get rid of them and find a different insurance company. But
people make their own choice.
The other thing we have to do to save Medicare? We have to have the benefits high for those
that are low income, but for higher income people, we're going to have to lower some
of the benefits. We have to make sure this program is there for the long term. That's
the plan that I've put forward.
And, by the way the idea came not even from Paul Ryan or -- or Senator Wyden, who's the
co-author of the bill with -- with Paul Ryan in the Senate, but also it came from Bill
-- Bill Clinton's chief of staff. This is an idea that's been around a long time, which
is saying, hey, let's see if we can't get competition into the Medicare world so that
people can get the choice of different plans at lower cost, better quality. I believe in
competition.
OBAMA: Jim, if I -- if I can just respond very quickly, first of all, every study has
shown that Medicare has lower administrative costs than private insurance does, which is
why seniors are generally pretty happy with it.
And private insurers have to make a profit. Nothing wrong with that. That's what they
do. And so you've got higher administrative costs, plus profit on top of that. And if
you are going to save any money through what Governor Romney's proposing, what has to happen
is, is that the money has to come from somewhere.
And when you move to a voucher system, you are putting seniors at the mercy of those
insurance companies. And over time, if traditional Medicare has decayed or fallen apart, then
they're stuck.
And this is the reason why AARP has said that your plan would weaken Medicare substantially.
And that's why they were supportive of the approach that we took.
One last point I want to make. We do have to lower the cost of health care, not just
in Medicare and Medicaid... LEHRER: Talk about that in a minute.
OBAMA: ... but -- but -- but overall.
LEHRER: OK.
OBAMA: And so...
ROMNEY: That's -- that's a big topic. Can we -- can we stay on Medicare?
OBAMA: Is that a -- is that a separate topic?
(CROSSTALK)
LEHRER: Yeah, we're going to -- yeah, I want to get to it.
OBAMA: I'm sorry.
LEHRER: But all I want to do is go very quickly...
ROMNEY: Let's get back to Medicare.
LEHRER: ... before we leave the economy...
ROMNEY: Let's get back to Medicare.
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: The president said that the government can provide the service at lower cost and
without a profit.
LEHRER: All right.
ROMNEY: If that's the case, then it will always be the best product that people can purchase.
LEHRER: Wait a minute, Governor.
ROMNEY: But my experience -- my experience the private sector typically is able to provide
a better product at a lower cost.
LEHRER: All right. Can we -- can the two of you agree that the voters have a choice -- a
clear choice between the two...
ROMNEY: Absolutely.
LEHRER: ... of you on Medicare?
ROMNEY: Absolutely.
OBAMA: Absolutely.
LEHRER: All right. So to finish quickly, briefly, on the economy, what is your view about the
level of federal regulation of the economy right now? Is there too much? And in your
case, Mr. President, is there -- should there be more?
Beginning with you. This is not a new two-minute segment to start. And we'll go for a few minutes,
and then we're going to go to health care, OK?
ROMNEY: Regulation is essential. You can't have a free market work if you don't have
regulation. As a businessperson, I had to have -- I need to know the regulations. I
needed them there. You couldn't have people opening up banks in their -- in their garage
and making loans. I mean, you have to have regulations so that you can have an economy
work. Every free economy has good regulation. At the same time, regulation can become excessive.
LEHRER: Is it excessive now, do you think?
ROMNEY: In some places, yes. Other places, no.
LEHRER: Like where?
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: No, it can become out of date. And what's happened with some of the legislation
that's been passed during the president's term, you've seen regulation become excessive,
and it's hurt -- it's hurt the economy. Let me give you an example.
Dodd-Frank was passed. And it includes within it a number of provisions that I think has
some unintended consequences that are harmful to the economy. One is it designates a number
of banks as too big to fail, and they're effectively guaranteed by the federal government. This
is the biggest kiss that's been given to -- to New York banks I've ever seen. This is an
enormous boon for them. There've been 122 community and small banks have closed since
Dodd- Frank.
So there's one example. Here's another. In Dodd-Frank...
LEHRER: Do you want to repeal Dodd-Frank?
ROMNEY: Well, I would repeal and replace it. We're not going to get rid of all regulation.
You have to have regulation. And there are some parts of Dodd-Frank that make all the
sense in the world. You need transparency, you need to have leverage limits for...
LEHRER: Well, here's a specific...
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: But let's -- let's mention -- let me mention the other one. Let's talk...
(CROSSTALK)
LEHRER: No, let's not. Let's let him respond -- let's let him respond to this specific
on Dodd-Frank and what the governor just said.
OBAMA: I think this is a great example. The reason we have been in such a enormous economic
crisis was prompted by reckless behavior across the board.
Now, it wasn't just on Wall Street. You had loan officers were -- that were giving loans
and mortgages that really shouldn't have been given, because the folks didn't qualify. You
had people who were borrowing money to buy a house that they couldn't afford. You had
credit agencies that were stamping these as A1 great investments when they weren't.
But you also had banks making money hand over fist, churning out products that the bankers
themselves didn't even understand, in order to make big profits, but knowing that it made
the entire system vulnerable.
So what did we do? We stepped in and had the toughest reforms on Wall Street since the
1930s. We said you've got -- banks, you've got to raise your capital requirements. You
can't engage in some of this risky behavior that is putting Main Street at risk. We've
going to make sure that you've got to have a living will so -- so we can know how you're
going to wind things down if you make a bad bet so we don't have other taxpayer bailouts.
OBAMA: In the meantime, by the way, we also made sure that all the help that we provided
those banks was paid back every single dime, with interest.
Now, Governor Romney has said he wants to repeal Dodd-Frank.
And, you know, I appreciate and it appears we've got some agreement that a marketplace
to work has to have some regulation. But in the past, Governor Romney has said he just
want to repeal Dodd- Frank, roll it back.
And so the question is: Does anybody out there think that the big problem we had is that
there was too much oversight and regulation of Wall Street? Because if you do, then Governor
Romney is your candidate. But that's not what I believe.
ROMNEY: Sorry, but that's just not -- that's just not the facts. Look, we have to have
regulation on Wall Street. That's why I'd have regulation. But I wouldn't designate
five banks as too big to fail and give them a blank check. That's one of the unintended
consequences of Dodd-Frank. It wasn't thought through properly. We need to get rid of that
provision because it's killing regional and small banks. They're getting hurt.
Let me mention another regulation in Dodd-Frank. You say we were giving mortgages to people
who weren't qualified. That's exactly right. It's one of the reasons for the great financial
calamity we had. And so Dodd-Frank correctly says we need to have qualified mortgages,
and if you give a mortgage that's not qualified, there are big penalties, except they didn't
ever go on and define what a qualified mortgage was.
It's been two years. We don't know what a qualified mortgage is yet. So banks are reluctant
to make loans, mortgages. Try and get a mortgage these days. It's hurt the housing market because
Dodd-Frank didn't anticipate putting in place the kinds of regulations you have to have.
It's not that Dodd-Frank always was wrong with too much regulation. Sometimes they didn't
come out with a clear regulation.
I will make sure we don't hurt the functioning of our -- of our marketplace and our business,
because I want to bring back housing and get good jobs.
LEHRER: All right. I think we have another clear difference between the two of you. Now,
let's move to health care where I know there is a clear difference, and that has to do
with the Affordable Care Act, Obamacare. And it's a two-minute new -- new segment, and
that means two minutes each. And you go first, Governor Romney.
LEHRER: You want it repealed. You want the Affordable Care Act repealed. Why?
ROMNEY: I sure do. Well, in part, it comes, again, from my experience. You know, I was
in New Hampshire. A woman came to me and she said, look, I can't afford insurance for myself
or my son. I met a couple in Appleton, Wisconsin, and they said, we're thinking of dropping
our insurance, we can't afford it.
And the number of small businesses I've gone to that are saying they're dropping insurance
because they can't afford it, the cost of health care is just prohibitive. And -- and
we've got to deal with cost.
And, unfortunately, when -- when -- when you look at Obamacare, the Congressional Budget
Office has said it will cost $2,500 a year more than traditional insurance. So it's adding
to cost. And as a matter of fact, when the president ran for office, he said that, by
this year, he would have brought down the cost of insurance for each family by $2,500
a family. Instead, it's gone up by that amount. So it's expensive. Expensive things hurt families.
So that's one reason I don't want it.
Second reason, it cuts $716 billion from Medicare to pay for it. I want to put that money back
in Medicare for our seniors.
Number three, it puts in place an unelected board that's going to tell people ultimately
what kind of treatments they can have. I don't like that idea.
Fourth, there was a survey done of small businesses across the country, said, what's been the
effect of Obamacare on your hiring plans? And three-quarters of them said it makes us
less likely to hire people. I just don't know how the president could have come into office,
facing 23 million people out of work, rising unemployment, an economic crisis at the -- at
the kitchen table, and spend his energy and passion for two years fighting for Obamacare
instead of fighting for jobs for the American people. It has killed jobs.
And the best course for health care is to do what we did in my state: craft a plan at
the state level that fits the needs of the state. And then let's focus on getting the
costs down for people, rather than raising it with the $2,500 additional premium.
LEHRER: Mr. President, the argument against repeal? OBAMA: Well, four years ago, when
I was running for office, I was traveling around and having those same conversations
that Governor Romney talks about. And it wasn't just that small businesses were seeing costs
skyrocket and they couldn't get affordable coverage even if they wanted to provide it
to their employees. It wasn't just that this was the biggest driver of our federal deficit,
our overall health care costs, but it was families who were worried about going bankrupt
if they got sick, millions of families, all across the country.
If they had a pre-existing condition, they might not be able to get coverage at all.
If they did have coverage, insurance companies might impose an arbitrary limit. And so as
a consequence, they're paying their premiums, somebody gets really sick, lo and behold,
they don't have enough money to pay the bills, because the insurance companies say that they've
hit the limit.
So we did work on this, alongside working on jobs, because this is part of making sure
that middle-class families are secure in this country.
And let me tell you exactly what Obamacare did. Number one, if you've got health insurance,
it doesn't mean a government takeover. You keep your own insurance. You keep your own
doctor. But it does say insurance companies can't jerk you around. They can't impose arbitrary
lifetime limits. They have to let you keep your kid on their insurance -- your insurance
plan until you're 26 years old. And it also says that you're going to have to get rebates
if insurance companies are spending more on administrative costs and profits than they
are on actual care.
Number two, if you don't have health insurance, we're essentially setting up a group plan
that allows you to benefit from group rates that are typically 18 percent lower than if
you're out there trying to get insurance on the individual market.
Now, the last point I'd make before...
LEHRER: Two minutes -- two minutes is up, sir.
OBAMA: No, I think -- I had five seconds before you interrupted me, was ...
(LAUGHTER)
... the irony is that we've seen this model work really well in Massachusetts, because
Governor Romney did a good thing, working with Democrats in the state to set up what
is essentially the identical model and as a consequence people are covered there. It
hasn't destroyed jobs. And as a consequence, we now have a system in which we have the
opportunity to start bringing down costs, as opposed to just leaving millions of people
out in the cold.
LEHRER: Your five seconds went away a long time ago.
All right, Governor. Governor, tell -- tell the president directly why you think what
he just said is wrong about Obamacare?
ROMNEY: Well, I did with my first statement.
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: First of all, I like the way we did it in Massachusetts. I like the fact that
in my state, we had Republicans and Democrats come together and work together. What you
did instead was to push through a plan without a single Republican vote. As a matter of fact,
when Massachusetts did something quite extraordinary -- elected a Republican senator to stop Obamacare,
you pushed it through anyway.
So entirely on a partisan basis, instead of bringing America together and having a discussion
on this important topic, you pushed through something that you and Nancy Pelosi and Harry
Reid thought was the best answer and drove it through.
What we did in a legislature 87 percent Democrat, we worked together; 200 legislators in my
legislature, only two voted against the plan by the time we were finished. What were some
differences? We didn't raise taxes. You've raised them by $1 trillion under Obamacare.
We didn't cut Medicare. Of course, we don't have Medicare, but we didn't cut Medicare
by $716 billion.
ROMNEY: We didn't put in place a board that can tell people ultimately what treatments
they're going to receive. We didn't also do something that I think a number of people
across this country recognize, which is put -- put people in a position where they're
going to lose the insurance they had and they wanted.
Right now, the CBO says up to 20 million people will lose their insurance as Obamacare goes
into effect next year. And likewise, a study by McKinsey and Company of American businesses
said 30 percent of them are anticipating dropping people from coverage.
So for those reasons, for the tax, for Medicare, for this board, and for people losing their
insurance, this is why the American people don't want Medicare -- don't want Obamacare.
It's why Republicans said, do not do this, and the Republicans had -- had the plan. They
put a plan out. They put out a plan, a bipartisan plan. It was swept aside.
I think something this big, this important has to be done on a bipartisan basis. And
we have to have a president who can reach across the aisle and fashion important legislation
with the input from both parties.
OBAMA: Governor Romney said this has to be done on a bipartisan basis. This was a bipartisan
idea. In fact, it was a Republican idea. And Governor Romney at the beginning of this debate
wrote and said what we did in Massachusetts could be a model for the nation.
And I agree that the Democratic legislators in Massachusetts might have given some advice
to Republicans in Congress about how to cooperate, but the fact of the matter is, we used the
same advisers, and they say it's the same plan.
It -- when Governor Romney talks about this board, for example, unelected board that we've
created, what this is, is a group of health care experts, doctors, et cetera, to figure
out, how can we reduce the cost of care in the system overall?
Because there -- there are two ways of dealing with our health care crisis. One is to simply
leave a whole bunch of people uninsured and let them fend for themselves, to let businesses
figure out how long they can continue to pay premiums until finally they just give up,
and their workers are no longer getting insured, and that's been the trend line.
Or, alternatively, we can figure out, how do we make the cost of care more effective?
And there are ways of doing it.
So at Cleveland Clinic, one of the best health care systems in the world, they actually provide
great care cheaper than average. And the reason they do is because they do some smart things.
They -- they say, if a patient's coming in, let's get all the doctors together at once,
do one test instead of having the patient run around with 10 tests. Let's make sure
that we're providing preventive care so we're catching the onset of something like diabetes.
Let's -- let's pay providers on the basis of performance as opposed to on the basis
of how many procedures they've -- they've engaged in.
Now, so what this board does is basically identifies best practices and says, let's
use the purchasing power of Medicare and Medicaid to help to institutionalize all these good
things that we do.
And the fact of the matter is that, when Obamacare is fully implemented, we're going to be in
a position to show that costs are going down. And over the last two years, health care premiums
have gone up -- it's true -- but they've gone up slower than any time in the last 50 years.
So we're already beginning to see progress. In the meantime, folks out there with insurance,
you're already getting a rebate.
Let me make one last point. Governor Romney says, we should replace it, I'm just going
to repeal it, but -- but we can replace it with something. But the problem is, he hasn't
described what exactly we'd replace it with, other than saying we're going to leave it
to the states.
OBAMA: But the fact of the matter is that some of the prescriptions that he's offered,
like letting you buy insurance across state lines, there's no indication that that somehow
is going to help somebody who's got a pre-existing condition be able to finally buy insurance.
In fact, it's estimated that by repealing Obamacare, you're looking at 50 million people
losing health insurance...
LEHRER: Let's...
OBAMA: ... at a time when it's vitally important.
LEHRER: Let's let the governor explain what you would do...
ROMNEY: Well...
LEHRER: ... if Obamacare is repealed. How would you replace it?
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: Well, actually it's -- it's -- it's a lengthy description. But, number one, preexisting
conditions are covered under my plan. Number two, young people are able to stay on their
family plan. That's already offered in the private marketplace. You don't have to have
the government mandate that for that to occur.
But let's come back to something the president and I agree on, which is the key task we have
in health care is to get the cost down so it's more affordable for families. And then
he has as a model for doing that a board of people at the government, an unelected board,
appointed board, who are going to decide what kind of treatment you ought to have.
(CROSSTALK)
ROMNEY: In my opinion, the government is not effective in -- in bringing down the cost
of almost anything. As a matter of fact, free people and free enterprises trying to find
ways to do things better are able to be more effective in bringing down the cost than the
government will ever be.
Your example of the Cleveland Clinic is my case in point, along with several others I
could describe.
This is the private market. These are small -- these are enterprises competing with each
other, learning how to do better and better jobs. I used to consult to businesses -- excuse
me, to hospitals and to health care providers. I was astonished at the creativity and innovation
that exists in the American people.
In order to bring the cost of health care down, we don't need to have a board of 15
people telling us what kinds of treatments we should have. We instead need to put insurance
plans, providers, hospitals, doctors on target such that they have an incentive, as you say,
performance pay, for doing an excellent job, for keeping costs down, and that's happening.
Innermountain Healthcare does it superbly well, Mayo Clinic is doing it superbly well,
Cleveland Clinic, others.
ROMNEY: But the right answer is not to have the federal government take over health care
and start mandating to the providers across America, telling a patient and a doctor what
kind of treatment they can have.
That's the wrong way to go. The private market and individual responsibility always work
best.
OBAMA: Let me just point out first of all this board that we're talking about can't
make decisions about what treatments are given. That's explicitly prohibited in the law. But
let's go back to what Governor Romney indicated, that under his plan, he would be able to cover
people with preexisting conditions.
Well, actually Governor, that isn't what your plan does. What your plan does is to duplicate
what's already the law, which says if you are out of health insurance for three months,
then you can end up getting continuous coverage and an insurance company can't deny you if
you've -- if it's been under 90 days.
But that's already the law and that doesn't help the millions of people out there with
preexisting conditions. There's a reason why Governor Romney set up the plan that he did
in Massachusetts. It wasn't a government takeover of health care. It was the largest expansion
of private insurance. But what it does say is that "insurers, you've got to take everybody."
Now, that also means that you've got more customers. But when -- when Governor Romney
says that he'll replace it with something, but can't detail how it will be in fact replaced
and the reason he set up the system he did in Massachusetts was because there isn't a
better way of dealing with the preexisting conditions problem.
OBAMA: It just reminds me of, you know, he says that he's going to close deductions and
loopholes for his tax plan. That's how it's going to be paid for, but we don't know the
details. He says that he's going to replace Dodd-Frank, Wall Street reform, but we don't
know exactly which ones. He won't tell us. He now says he's going to replace Obamacare
and ensure that all the good things that are in it are going to be in there and you don't
have to worry.
And at some point, I think the American people have to ask themselves, is the reason that
Governor Romney is keeping all these plans to replace secret because they're too good?
Is it -- is it because that somehow middle-class families are going to benefit too much from
them?
No. The reason is, is because, when we reform Wall Street, when we tackle the problem of
pre-existing conditions, then, you know, these are tough problems and we've got to make choices.
And the choices we've made have been ones that ultimately are benefiting middle-class
families all across the country.
LEHRER: We're going to move to...
ROMNEY: No. I -- I have to respond to that.
LEHRER: No, but...
ROMNEY: Which is -- which is my experience as a governor is if I come in and -- and lay
down a piece of legislation and say, "It's my way or the highway," I don't get a lot
done. What I do is the same way that Tip O'Neill and Ronald Reagan worked together some years
ago. When Ronald Reagan ran for office, he laid out the principles that he was going
to foster. He said he was going to lower tax rates. He said he was going to broaden the
base. You've said the same thing, you're going to simplify the tax code, broaden the base.
Those are my principles. I want to bring down the tax burden on middle-income families.
And I'm going to work together with Congress to say, OK, what -- what are the various ways
we could bring down deductions, for instance? One way, for instance, would be to have a
single number. Make up a number, $25,000, $50,000. Anybody can have deductions up to
that amount. And then that number disappears for high-income people. That's one way one
could do it. One could follow Bowles-Simpson as a model and take deduction by deduction
and make differences that way. There are alternatives to accomplish the objective I have, which
is to bring down rates, broaden the base, simplify the code, and create incentives for
growth. And with regards to health care, you had remarkable details with regards to my
pre-existing condition plan. You obviously studied up on -- on my plan. In fact, I do
have a plan that deals with people with pre-existing conditions. That's part of my health care
plan. And what we did in Massachusetts is a model for the nation state by state. And
I said that at that time.
The federal government taking over health care for the entire nation and whisking aside
the 10th Amendment, which gives states the rights for these kinds of things, is not the
course for America to have a stronger, more vibrant economy.
LEHRER: That is a terrific segue to our next segment, and is the role of government. And
-- and let's see. Role of government. And it is -- you are first on this, Mr. President.
And the question is this. Do you believe, both of you -- but you had the first two minutes
on this, Mr. President -- do you believe there's a fundamental difference between the two of
you as to how you view the mission of the federal government?
OBAMA: Well, I definitely think there are differences.
LEHRER: And do you -- yeah.
OBAMA: The first role of the federal government is to keep the American people safe. That's
its most basic function. And as commander-in-chief, that is something that I've worked on and
thought about every single day that I've been in the Oval Office.
But I also believe that government has the capacity, the federal government has the capacity
to help open up opportunity and create ladders of opportunity and to create frameworks where
the American people can succeed.
Look, the genius of America is the free enterprise system and freedom and the fact that people
can go out there and start a business, work on an idea, make their own decisions.
OBAMA: But as Abraham Lincoln understood, there are also some things we do better together.
So, in the middle of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln said, let's help to finance the Transcontinental
Railroad, let's start the National Academy of Sciences, let's start land grant colleges,
because we want to give these gateways of opportunity for all Americans, because if
all Americans are getting opportunity, we're all going to be better off. That doesn't restrict
people's freedom. That enhances it.
And so what I've tried to do as president is to apply those same principles.
And when it comes to education what I've said is we've got to reform schools that are not
working. We use something called Race to the Top. Wasn't a top-down approach, Governor.
What we've said is to states, we'll give you more money if you initiate reforms. And as
a consequence, you had 46 states around the country who have made a real difference.
But what I've also said is let's hire another 100,000 math and science teachers to make
sure we maintain our technological lead and our people are skilled and able to succeed.
And hard-pressed states right now can't all do that. In fact we've seen layoffs of hundreds
of thousands of teachers over the last several years, and Governor Romney doesn't think we
need more teachers. I do, because I think that that is the kind of investment where
the federal government can help.
It can't do it all, but it can make a difference. And as a consequence we'll have a better trained
workforce and that will create jobs because companies want to locate in places where we've
got a skilled workforce.
LEHRER: Two minutes, Governor, on the role of government. Your view?
ROMNEY: Well, first, I love great schools. Massachusetts, our schools are ranked number
one of all 50 states. And the key to great schools, great teachers.
So I reject the idea that I don't believe in great teachers or more teachers. Every
school district, every state should make that decision on their own.
The role of government: Look behind us. The Constitution and the Declaration of Independence.
The role of government is to promote and protect the principles of those documents.
ROMNEY: First, life and liberty. We have a responsibility to protect the lives and liberties
of our people, and that means a military second to none. I do not believe in cutting our military.
I believe in maintaining the strength of America's military.
Second, in that line that says we are endowed by our creator with our rights, I believe
we must maintain our commitment to religious tolerance and freedom in this country. That
statement also says that we are endowed by our creator with the right to pursue happiness
as we choose. I interpret that as, one, making sure that those people who are less fortunate
and can't care for themselves are cared by -- by one another.
We're a nation that believes that we're all children of the same god and we care for those
that have difficulties, those that are elderly and have problems and challenges, those that
are disabled. We care for them. And we -- we look for discovery and innovation, all these
things desired out of the American heart to provide the pursuit of happiness for our citizens.
But we also believe in maintaining for individuals the right to pursue their dreams and not to
have the government substitute itself for the rights of free individuals. And what we're
seeing right now is, in my view, a -- a trickle-down government approach, which has government
thinking it can do a better job than free people pursuing their dreams. And it's not
working.
And the proof of that is 23 million people out of work. The proof of that is 1 out of
6 people in poverty. The proof of that is we've gone from 32 million on food stamps
to 47 million on food stamps. The proof of that is that 50 percent of college graduates
this year can't find work.
LEHRER: All right.
ROMNEY: We know that the path we're taking is not working. It's time for a new path.
LEHRER: All right. Let's go through some specifics in terms of what -- how each of you views
the role of government. How do -- education. Does the federal government have a responsibility
to improve the quality of public education in America?
ROMNEY: Well, the primary responsibility for education is -- is, of course, at the state
and local level. But the federal government also can play a very important role. And I
-- and I agree with Secretary Arne Duncan, he's -- some ideas he's put forward on Race
to the Top, not all of them, but some of them I agree with and -- and congratulate him for
pursuing that. The federal government can get local and -- and state schools to do a
better job.
My own view, by the way, is I've added to that. I happen to believe, I want the kids
that are getting federal dollars from IDEA or Title I -- these are disabled kids or -- or
-- or poor kids or -- or lower-income kids, rather, I want them to be able to go to the
school of their choice.
So all federal funds, instead of going to the -- to the state or to the school district,
I'd have go, if you will, follow the child and let the parent and the child decide where
to send their -- their -- their student.
LEHRER: How do you see the federal government's responsibility to, as I say, to improve the
quality of public education in this country?
OBAMA: Well, as I've indicated, I think that it has a significant role to play. Through
our Race to the Top program, we've worked with Republican and Democratic governors to
initiate major reforms, and they're having an impact right now.
LEHRER: Do you think you have a difference with your views and -- and those of Governor
Romney on -- about education and the federal government?
OBAMA: You know, this is where budgets matter, because budgets reflect choices. So when Governor
Romney indicates that he wants to cut taxes and potentially benefit folks like me and
him, and to pay for it we're having to initiate significant cuts in federal support for education,
that makes a difference.
You know, his -- his running mate, Congressman Ryan, put forward a budget that reflects many
of the principles that Governor Romney's talked about. And it wasn't very detailed. This seems
to be a trend. But -- but what it did do is to -- if you extrapolated how much money we're
talking about, you'd look at cutting the education budget by up to 20 percent.
OBAMA: When it comes to community colleges, we are seeing great work done out there all
over the country because we have the opportunity to train people for jobs that exist right
now. And one of the things I suspect Governor Romney and I probably agree on is getting
businesses to work with community colleges so that they're setting up their training
programs...
LEHRER: Do you -- do you agree, Governor?
OBAMA: Let me just finish the point.
(CROSSTALK)
OBAMA: The -- where they're partnering so that they're designing training programs.
And people who are going through them know that there's a job waiting for them if they
complete it. That makes a big difference, but that requires some federal support.
Let me just say one final example. When it comes to making college affordable, whether
it's two-year or four-year, one of the things that I did as president was we were sending
$60 billion to banks and lenders as middlemen for the student loan program, even though
the loans were guaranteed. So there was no risk for the banks or the lenders, but they
were taking billions out of the system.
And we said, "Why not cut out the middleman?" And as a consequence, what we've been able
to do is to provide millions more students assistance, lower or keep low interest rates
on student loans. And this is an example of where our priorities make a difference.
Governor Romney, I genuinely believe cares about education, but when he tells a student
that, you know, "you should borrow money from your parents to go to college," you know,
that indicates the degree to which, you know, there may not be as much of a focus on the
fact that folks like myself, folks like Michelle, kids probably who attend University of Denver,
just don't have that option.
And for us to be able to make sure that they've got that opportunity and they can walk through
that door, that is vitally important not just to those kids. It's how we're going to grow
this economy over the long term.
LEHRER: We're running out of time, gentlemen.
(CROSSTALK) LEHRER: Governor?
ROMNEY: Mr. President, Mr. President, you're entitled as the president to your own airplane
and to your own house, but not to your own facts. All right, I'm not going to cut education
funding. I don't have any plan to cut education funding and -- and grants that go to people
going to college. I'm planning on (inaudible) to grow. So I'm not planning on making changes
there.
But you make a very good point, which is that the place you put your money just makes a
pretty clear indication of where your heart is. You put $90 billion into -- into green
jobs. And I -- look, I'm all in favor of green energy. $90 billion, that would have -- that
would have hired 2 million teachers. $90 billion.
And these businesses, many of them have gone out of business, I think about half of them,
of the ones have been invested in have gone out of business. A number of them happened
to be owned by people who were contributors to your campaigns.
Look, the right course for America's government, we were talking about the role of government,
is not to become the economic player, picking winners and losers, telling people what kind
of health treatment they can receive, taking over the health care system that has existed
in this country for a long, long time and has produced the best health records in the
world.
The right answer for government is say, How do we make the private sector become more
efficient and more effective? How do we get schools to be more competitive? Let's grade
them. I propose we grade our schools so parents know which schools are succeeding and failing,
so they can take their child to a -- to a school that he's being more successful.
I don't want to cut our commitment to education. I wanted to make it more effective and efficient.
And by the way, I've had that experience. I don't just talk about it. I've been there.
Massachusetts schools are ranked number one in the nation. This is not because I didn't
have commitment to education. It's because I care about education for all of our kids.
LEHRER: All right, gentlemen...
(CROSSTALK)
LEHRER: Excuse me (inaudible). Excuse me, sir. We've got -- we've got -- barely have
three minutes left. I'm not going to grade the two of you and say your answers have been
too long or I've done a poor job.
OBAMA: You've done a great job.
LEHRER: Oh, well, no. But the fact is government -- the role of government and governing, we've
lost a pod in other words. So we only have three -- three minutes left in the -- in the
debate before we go to your closing statements. And so I want to ask finally here, and remember,
we've got three minutes total time here -- and the question is this. Many of the legislative
functions of the federal government right now are in a state of paralysis as a result
of partisan gridlock. If elected, in your case, if re-elected, in your case, what would
you do about that?
Governor?
ROMNEY: Jim, I had the great experience -- it didn't seem like it at the time -- of being
elected in a state where my legislature was 87 percent Democrat. And that meant I figured
out from day one I had to get along and I had to work across the aisle to get anything
done. We drove our schools to be number one in the nation. We cut taxes 19 times.
LEHRER: But what would you do as president?
ROMNEY: We -- as president, I will sit on day one -- actually, the day after I get elected
-- I'll sit down with leaders -- the Democratic leaders, as well as Republican leaders, and
continue -- as we did in my state -- we met every Monday for a couple hours, talked about
the issues and the challenges in the -- in the -- in our state in that case. We have
to work on a collaborative basis, not because we're going to compromise our principle, but
because there's common ground.
And the challenges America faces right now -- look, the reason I'm in this race is there
are people that are really hurting today in this country. And we face -- this deficit
could crush the future generations. What's happening in the Middle East, there are developments
around the world that are of real concern.
LEHRER: All right.
ROMNEY: And Republicans and Democrats both love America. But we need to have leadership
-- leadership in Washington that will actually bring people together and get the job done
and could not care less if -- if it's a Republican or a Democrat. I've done it before. I'll do
it again.
LEHRER: Mr. President?
OBAMA: Well, first of all, I think Governor Romney's going to have a busy first day, because
he's also going to repeal Obamacare, which will not be very popular among Democrats as
you're sitting down with them.
(LAUGHTER)
But, look, my philosophy has been, I will take ideas from anybody, Democrat or Republican,
as long as they're advancing the cause of making middle-class families stronger and
giving ladders of opportunity to the middle class. That's how we cut taxes for middle-
class families and small businesses. That's how we cut a trillion dollars of spending
that wasn't advancing that cause. That's how we signed three trade deals into law that
are helping us to double our exports and sell more American products around the world. That's
how we repealed "don't ask/don't tell." That's how we ended the war in Iraq, as I promised,
and that's how we're going to wind down the war in Afghanistan. That's how we went after
Al Qaida and bin Laden.
So we've -- we've seen progress even under Republican control of the House of Representatives.
But, ultimately, part of being principled, part of being a leader is, A, being able to
describe exactly what it is that you intend to do, not just saying, "I'll sit down," but
you have to have a plan.
Number two, what's important is occasionally you've got to say no, to -- to -- to folks
both in your own party and in the other party. And, you know, yes, have we had some fights
between me and the Republicans when -- when they fought back against us reining in the
excesses of Wall Street? Absolutely, because that was a fight that needed to be had.
When -- when we were fighting about whether or not we were going to make sure that Americans
had more security with their health insurance and they said no, yes, that was a fight that
we needed to have.
LEHRER: All right
OBAMA: And so part of leadership and governing is both saying what it is that you are for,
but also being willing to say no to some things. And I've got to tell you, Governor Romney,
when it comes to his own party during the course of this campaign, has not displayed
that willingness to say no to some of the more extreme parts of his party.
LEHRER: That brings us to closing statements. It was a coin toss. Governor Romney, you won
the toss and you elected to go last, so you have a closing two minutes, Mr. President.
OBAMA: Well, Jim, I want to thank you, and I want to thank Governor Romney, because I
think was a terrific debate, and I very much appreciate it. And I want to thank the University
of Denver.
You know, four years ago, we were going through a major crisis. And yet my faith and confidence
in the American future is undiminished. And the reason is because of its people, because
of the woman I met in North Carolina who decided at 55 to go back to school because she wanted
to inspire her daughter and now has a job from that new training that she's gotten;
because a company in Minnesota who was willing to give up salaries and perks for their executives
to make sure that they didn't lay off workers during a recession.
The auto workers that you meet in Toledo or Detroit take such pride in building the best
cars in the world, not just because of a paycheck, but because it gives them that sense of pride,
that they're helping to build America. And so the question now is how do we build on
those strengths. And everything that I've tried to do, and everything that I'm now proposing
for the next four years in terms of improving our education system or developing American
energy or making sure that we're closing loopholes for companies that are shipping jobs overseas
and focusing on small businesses and companies that are creating jobs here in the United
States, or closing our deficit in a responsible, balanced way that allows us to invest in our
future.
All those things are designed to make sure that the American people, their genius, their
grit, their determination, is -- is channeled and -- and they have an opportunity to succeed.
And everybody's getting a fair shot. And everybody's getting a fair share -- everybody's doing
a fair share, and everybody's playing by the same rules.
You know, four years ago, I said that I'm not a perfect man and I wouldn't be a perfect
president. And that's probably a promise that Governor Romney thinks I've kept. But I also
promised that I'd fight every single day on behalf of the American people, the middle
class, and all those who were striving to get into the middle class. I've kept that
promise and if you'll vote for me, then I promise I'll fight just as hard in a second
term.
LEHRER: Governor Romney, your two-minute closing.
ROMNEY: Thank you, Jim, and Mr. President. And thank you for tuning in this evening.
This is a -- this is an important election and I'm concerned about America. I'm concerned
about the direction America has been taking over the last four years.
I -- I know this is bigger than an election about the two of us as individuals. It's bigger
than our respective parties. It's an election about the course of America. What kind of
America do you want to have for yourself and for your children.
And there really are two very different paths that we began speaking about this evening,
and over the course of this month we're going to have two more presidential debates and
a vice presidential debate. We're talk about those two paths.
But they lead in very different directions. And it's not just looking to our words that
you have to take in evidence of where they go. You can look at the record.
There's no question in my mind that if the president were to be reelected you'll continue
to see a middle-class squeeze with incomes going down and prices going up.
I'll get incomes up again.
You'll see chronic unemployment. We've had 43 straight months with unemployment above
8 percent.
If I'm president I will create -- help create 12 million new jobs in this country with rising
incomes.
If the president's reelected, Obamacare will be fully installed. In my view that's going
to mean a whole different way of life for people who counted on the insurance plan they
had in the past. Many will lose it. You're going to see health premiums go up by some
$2,500 per family.
If I'm elected we won't have Obama. We'll put in place the kind of principles that I
put in place in my own state and allow each state to craft their own programs to get people
insured and we'll focus on getting the cost of health care down.
If the president were to be reelected you're going to see a $716 billion cut to Medicare.
You'll have 4 million people who will lose Medicare Advantage. You'll have hospital and
providers that'll no longer accept Medicare patients.
I'll restore that $716 billion to Medicare.
And finally, military. The president's reelected you'll see dramatic cuts to our military.
The secretary of defense has said these would be even devastating.
I will not cut our commitment to our military. I will keep America strong and get America's
middle class working again.
Thank you, Jim.
LEHRER: Thank you, Governor.
Thank you, Mr. President.
The next debate will be the vice presidential event on Thursday, October 11th at Centre
College in Danville, Kentucky. For now, from the University of Denver, I'm Jim Lehrer.
Thank you, and good night.
    You must  Log in  to get the function.
Tip: Click on the article or the word in the subtitle to get translation quickly!

Loading…

B1 Intermediate

Watch Jim Lehrer Moderate First Full Presidential Debate

11552 Folder Collection
marmot published on February 14, 2015

Learning Words

loading

Comments

Loading…
More Recommended Videos

  1. 1. Search word

    Select word on the caption to look it up in the dictionary!

  2. 2. Repeat single sentence

    Repeat the same sentence to enhance listening ability

  3. 3. Shortcut

    Shortcut!

  4. 4. Close caption

    Close the English caption

  5. 5. Embed

    Embed the video to your blog

  6. 6. Unfold

    Hide right panel

  1. Listening Quiz

    Listening Quiz!

  1. Click to open your notebook

  1. UrbanDictionary 俚語字典整合查詢。一般字典查詢不到你滿意的解譯，不妨使用「俚語字典」，或許會讓你有滿意的答案喔