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Millions of Americans use caffeinated beverages every day as a pick-me-up.
It is after all the world's most popular drug.
And with new caffeine infused products like energy drinks, gum and even beef jerky hitting the shelves,
our love affair with caffeine shows absolutely no signs of slowing down.
Caffeine is an interesting drug because when it enters the body it breaks up into three different yet very similar molecules.
When metabolized in the liver, enzymes chisel off one of three methyl groups
to form these three metabolites with three different effects on your body:
Theobromine, paraxanthine, and theophylline.
While in the brain, this caffeine party crashes adenosine receptors blocking the normal guest, adenosine from doing its job.
Adenosine is responsible for slowing down nerve activity in your brains giving us the cue to calm down and take a nap.
Also adenosine is responsible for regulating neurotransmitters in the brain such as dopamine.
As you can see, adenosine is also quite similar to caffeine in structure,
which is why caffeine binds so easily to the adenosine protein receptors.
Once connected, caffeine increases the activity in neurotransmitters like dopamine,
ultimately leading to heightened brain activity.
Then the three metabolites perform their own specific functions.
Theobromine increases oxygen and nutrient flow to the brain.
Paraxanthine enhances your body's athletic performance by increasing the rate a fat breakdown to fuel muscle activity.
Theophylline increases your heart rate and reinforces your ability to concentrate.
And although these effects come together to produce a state of wakefulness,
too much caffeine can turn sour pretty quick.
At higher doses caffeine is known to cause jitters, anxiety and just general all-around discomfort.
For this reason scientists have found four hundred milligrams is the safest average dose of caffeine for adults.
To put that into perspective, that'll be around three eight-ounce cups of coffee,
five eight-ounce Red Bulls or a whopping eight cups black tea.
And on a side note site it's also found that caffeine becomes toxic around 10 grams,
which works out to be about seventy five cups of coffee, or 180 cups black tea.
However, the lethal limit does vary widely from person to person.
Hey thanks for watching folks.
Stay tuned next week, we've got more science coming your way that can only make you smarter.
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Oh and if you have any chemistry themed questions, make sure you post them in the comments, they might be answered in upcoming videos.
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The Science of Caffeine: The World's Most Popular Drug - Reactions

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Eating published on October 16, 2015    Candy translated    James reviewed

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