affect
US /əˈfɛkt/
UK /ə'fekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a change in something else
- To pretend to have or feel (something).
- Noun
- (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
A2TOEICMoreauthoritarian
US /əˌθɔ:rəˈteriən/
UK /ɔ:ˌθɒrɪˈteəriən/
- Noun
- Person expecting complete obedience
- Adjective
- Expecting complete obedience to your rules
- Favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom.
B2Morebloom
US /blum/
UK /blu:m/
- Intransitive Verb
- To flower; to produce flowers
- To achieve an ideal state of beauty and strength
- Noun
- Period of beauty, strength or freshness
B2Morechallenge
US /ˈtʃæləndʒ/
UK /'tʃælɪndʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
- Act of formally inviting someone to compete
- Transitive Verb
- To formally invite someone to compete at something
- To question the correctness of something
A2Morechaos
US /ˈkeˌɑs/
UK /'keɪɒs/
- Noun (plural)
- State of utter confusion or disorder
- Uncountable Noun
- Complete disorder and confusion.
- Behavior so unpredictable as to appear random, owing to great sensitivity to small changes in conditions.
B1Morecompass
US /ˈkʌmpəs, ˈkɑm-/
UK /ˈkʌmpəs/
- Noun
- Device that shows the direction of north
- Two-pointed tool for drawing circles, etc.
B2Morecriticism
US /ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/
UK /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Article or essay that judges quality
- Negative judgment of something
A2Moredefeat
US /dɪˈfit/
UK /dɪ'fi:t/
- Transitive Verb
- To beat an enemy, team, disease
- To prevent something from succeeding.
- Noun
- When you lose a fight, game or competition
- The feeling of having been beaten.
B1Moredissatisfaction
US /dɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/
UK /ˌdɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Feeling of unhappiness or disapproval
B1Moredynamic
US /daiˈnæmik/
UK /daɪˈnæmɪk/
- Adjective
- Always active or energetic; getting things done
B1TOEICMoreeconomic
US /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə-/
UK /ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk/
- Adjective
- Concerning trade, industry, and money
- Financially worthwhile; profitable.
- Noun
- A system relating to economics
- A factor relating to economics
A2Moreelite
US /iˈliːt/
UK /iˈliːt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- The richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society
- A person of the elite class.
- Adjective
- Belonging to the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society
B2Moreescalation
US /ˌeskə'leɪʃn/
UK /ˌeskə'leɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- An increase in severity
B2Moreexhaust
US /ɪɡˈzɔst/
UK /ɪɡ'zɔ:st/
- Noun
- System of pipes through which gases escape
- Waste gas from an engine, e.g. from a car
- Transitive Verb
- To emit gas from the back of a car
- To make a person feel very tired or without energy
A2Morefoundation
US /faʊnˈdeʃən/
UK /faunˈdeiʃən/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Base or important starting point
- Underground base on which building is constructed
C1TOEICMoremilitary
US /ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri/
UK /'mɪlətrɪ/
- Noun
- Army or armed forces
- Adjective
- Concerning the army or navy
B1Moreobvious
US /ˈɑbviəs/
UK /ˈɒbviəs/
- Adjective
- Easily understood and clear; plain to see
- Easy to see or notice.
A2TOEICMoreordinary
US /ˈɔ:rdneri/
UK /'ɔ:dnrɪ/
- Adjective
- Normal or usual
- Of the rank of ordinary seaman.
- Noun
- An ecclesiastical judge or official having ordinary jurisdiction in a given area.
- Any of several simple and basic geometrical figures.
A2TOEICMoreparade
US /pəˈred/
UK /pə'reɪd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Large group walking in a public celebration
- A formal gathering of troops for inspection or display.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To display something publicly
- To display (someone or something) ostentatiously.
B1Morepolitical
US /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/
UK /pəˈlɪtɪkl/
- Adjective
- Being active or interested in government matters
- Diplomatic
A2Morepresident
US /ˈprɛzɪdənt,-ˌdɛnt/
UK /ˈprezɪdənt/
- Noun
- Person in charge of a country, or organization
- The highest-ranking executive in a corporation or organization.
A2TOEICMorepressure
US /ˈprɛʃɚ/
UK /'preʃə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Anxiety caused by difficult problems
- Force, weight when pressing against a thing
- Transitive Verb
- To apply force to something
- To persuade or force someone to do something
A2TOEICMoreprominent
US /ˈprɑmənənt/
UK /ˈprɒmɪnənt/
- Adjective
- Being important or well known
- Being easily noticeable
B1Morepursuit
US /pɚˈsut/
UK /pəˈsju:t/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Act of following someone to catch them
- Process of attempting to achieve a goal
B1TOEICMorerespond
US /rɪˈspɑnd/
UK /rɪ'spɒnd/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To answer something or someone
- To have a good reaction to e.g. medical treatment
A2TOEICMoresignificant
US /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/
UK /sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt/
- Adjective
- Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
- Having meaning; important; noticeable
A2TOEICMorestrengthen
US /ˈstrɛŋkθən,ˈstrɛŋ-,ˈstrɛn-/
UK /ˈstreŋθn/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something stronger
A2TOEICMoretrend
US /trɛnd/
UK /trend/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Current style or fashion
- General direction that is taken
- Intransitive Verb
- To be current and popular
- To move up or down
A2Moretsar
US /zɑr, tsɑr/
UK /zɑ:(r)/
- Noun
- Title of the emperor of Russia before 1917
B2Morevictory
US /ˈvɪktəri/
UK /'vɪktərɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Defeating or beating someone or something
- An instance of having overcome a challenge or obstacle; an achievement.
B1Morevulnerability
US /ˌvʌlnərə'bɪlətɪ/
UK /ˌvʌlnərə'bɪlətɪ/
- Uncountable Noun
- Being weak and able to be easily hurt or damaged
- A weakness or flaw that makes something susceptible to harm or damage.
B1Morevulnerable
US /ˈvʌlnərəbəl/
UK /ˈvʌlnərəbl/
- Adjective
- Being open to attack or damage
- Being easily harmed, hurt, or wounded
B1Morewidespread
US /ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd/
UK /ˈwaɪdspred/
- Adjective
- Happening or existing in many places
A2TOEICMore
Vocabulary
- vulnerable: Being open to attack or damage
- sort: To organize things by putting them into groups
- obvious: Easily understood and clear; plain to see
- significant: Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
- vulnerability: Being weak and able to be easily hurt or damaged
- completely: In every way or as much as possible
- chaos: State of utter confusion or disorder
- elite: The richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society
- fear: Unpleasant feeling caused by being aware of danger
- dynamic: Always active or energetic; getting things done
- imagine: To think creatively about; form mental picture of
- pressure: Anxiety caused by difficult problems
- prominent: Being important or well known
- criticism: Article or essay that judges quality
- military: Army or armed forces
- political: Being active or interested in government matters
- affect: To cause a change in something else
- ordinary: Normal or usual
- state: Region within a country, with its own government
- foundation: Base or important starting point
- pursuit: Act of following someone to catch them
- parade: Large group walking in a public celebration
- challenge: An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
- suddenly: In an unexpected or very quick manner
- widespread: Happening or existing in many places
- rate: To assess something or consider its qualities
- defeat: To beat an enemy, team, disease
- economy: Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
- respond: To answer something or someone
- produce: Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
- trend: Current style or fashion
- moment: Very short or brief period of time
- authoritarian: Person expecting complete obedience
- lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- strengthen: To make something stronger
- important: Having power or authority
- sign: Indication that something exists or will happen
- kind: In a caring and helpful manner
- president: Person in charge of a country, or organization
- fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
- economic: Concerning trade, industry, and money
- exhaust: System of pipes through which gases escape
- compass: Device that shows the direction of north
- bloom: To flower; to produce flowers
- escalation: An increase in severity
- victory: Defeating or beating someone or something
- dissatisfaction: Feeling of unhappiness or disapproval
- tsar: Title of the emperor of Russia before 1917
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Why some Russians are breaking with Putin as Ukraine war drags on
0
林宜悉 posted on 2026/06/20Ever wondered why some Russians are starting to question Putin's leadership? This insightful video explores the growing cracks in public support as the Ukraine war continues, highlighting phrases like "dead end" that capture the current mood. You'll gain a deeper understanding of the political shifts happening on the ground and pick up key vocabulary to discuss complex global events.
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