Vocabulary

• rule in: To make an official decision in favor of someone in a legal case.
• the following: Next in order or sequence.
• as for: Concerning; regarding.
• judging from: Based on the available evidence or information.
• such as: For example; like
• to pieces: Broken into many small parts.
• in peace: In a state of tranquility, without disturbance or conflict.
• as well as: Also; in addition to
• in a series: Arranged or happening one after another.
• take down: To capture physically
• withdraw from: To take out or remove (something) from a place or container.
• human development: The process of improvement in people's well-being and quality of life.
• for now: Temporarily; for the present time.
• conflict: Argument or struggle between two or more parties
• general: Widespread, normal or usual
• conquer: To take possession of (land, city) with an army
• influence: To affect or change something indirectly
• shift: To change in position or direction
• momentum: Speed or force that is gained when something moves
• reverse: Setting that makes the vehicle go backward
• famine: Long-lasting period of little food in an area
• state: Region within a country, with its own government
• series: Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
• settle: To make (a child, etc.) feel calm/ready for sleep
• judge: Person who decides on the results of a contest
• extract: Essential ingredient of a natural thing
• launch: Starting a new project; introducing new product
• result: Something produced through tests or experiments
• introduce: To open an essay to set the scene
• communist: Believer in communism
• defeat: To beat an enemy, team, disease
• economy: Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
• flee: To leave somewhere urgently, to avoid danger
• defy: To refuse to obey; be resistant to
• civil: Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
• gain: To increase in something, such as weight
• foreign: Being of a different place or country
• command: To be able to see far from a certain location
• proceed: To continue to do something; carry on
• persecution: Act of treating badly due to race, religion etc.
• century: Period of 100 years
• invade: To enter something causing a harmful result
• arise: To stand up
• continue: To do something without stopping, or after pausing
• government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
• execute: To kill someone, usually as an official punishment
• liver: Organ from animals served as food
• naturally: In the expected or usual way
• despise: To have no respect whatsoever for a person/thing
• coal: Dark hard substance from the earth burnt as a fuel
• great: Very good; better than before
• conclude: To finish or cause to finish; end
• land: Region or country
• intervene: To get involved to try to prevent trouble
• usher: One who leads you to your seat, as in a theater
• descend: To go down; to move from a higher to a lower place
• dismantle: To take something apart in an organized way
• repel: To make or force someone or something go away
• rebellion: Act of conflicting with someone in authority
• proficient: Being very skilled at something; being expert at
• nation: Area or region controlled by a government and army
• emperor: Man who rules an empire
• dynasty: Family that controls a country for a long time
• ascend: To rise, go up to a higher level
• human: A person; a man, woman or child
• country: An area of land that is controlled by a government
• warfare: Methods used by those fighting in a war
• people: Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
• soviet: Elected government council in a communist country
• unify: To bring or join together into one
• opium: Addictive drug made from the seeds of a poppy
• slay: To kill violently
• ensue: To happen as a result of
• authoritarianism: Belief that the state should be all-powerful
• guillotine: Cutting machine with a sharp blade
• wrought: Being carefully made into a particular form/shape
• mutiny: Rebellion against their officers by sailors, etc.
• tiff: Insignificant quarrel, often over not very much
• annal: Whole history of something