abuse
US /əˈbjuz/
UK /ə'bju:s/
- Transitive Verb
- To mistreat or be cruel towards someone
- To use in an inappropriate or excessive way
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Improper/dishonest/excessive use of something
- Insulting someone, e.g. by swearing at them
A2TOEICMoreaddiction
US /əˈdɪkʃən/
UK /əˈdɪkʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Lack of control the overuse of something e.g. drugs
- A compulsive physiological need for a habit-forming substance.
B1TOEICMorealcohol
US /ˈælkəˌhɔl,-ˌhɑl/
UK /'ælkəhɒl/
- Uncountable Noun
- A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
- Drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer
B1Moreanxiety
US /æŋˈzaɪɪti/
UK /æŋ'zaɪətɪ/
- Uncountable Noun
- A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something that might happen, especially when the outcome is uncertain.
B1Moreassault
US /əˈsɔlt/
UK /əˈsɔ:lt/
- Transitive Verb
- To attack someone physically or emotionally
- Noun
- An attack on someone physically or emotionally
B1Moreautopsy
US /ˈɔ:tɑ:psi/
UK /ˈɔ:tɒpsi/
- Noun
- Examination of dead body to find cause of death
C1Morecivilian
US /sɪˈvɪljən/
UK /sə'vɪlɪən/
- Countable Noun
- Ordinary person who is not in the army
- Adjective
- Relating to civilians; not military.
B2Morecombat
US /kəmˈbæt, ˈkɑmˌbæt/
UK /'kɒmbæt/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To fight someone or something physically
B1Morecombination
US /ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən/
UK /ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn/
- Noun
- Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
- Act or result of mixing things together
B1Morecompetent
US /ˈkɑmpɪtənt/
UK /ˈkɒmpɪtənt/
- Adjective
- Fully qualified or capable of doing
- Of an acceptable quality, though not outstanding.
B2Moreconstant
US /ˈkɑnstənt/
UK /'kɒnstənt/
- Adjective
- Happening frequently or without pause
- Remaining the same over time or not changing.
- Noun
- Thing that happens always or at a regular rate
- A physical quantity that is believed to have a fixed value and is used in calculations.
A2TOEICMoreconstantly
US /ˈkɑnstəntlɪ/
UK /ˈkɒnstəntli/
- Adverb
- Frequently, or without pause
- In a way that is unchanging or faithful
B1Moreconsume
US /kənˈsum/
UK /kən'sju:m/
- Transitive Verb
- To eat, drink, buy or use up something
- To take all your energy; focus the attention
A2TOEICMorecope
US /koʊp/
UK /kəʊp/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To deal with something in spite of difficulties
A2Moredistance
US /ˈdɪstəns/
UK /'dɪstəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- Lack of friendliness toward another person
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Amount of space between two places or things
- A point or place that is far away.
A2Moreentire
US /ɛnˈtaɪr/
UK /ɪn'taɪə(r)/
- Adjective
- Complete or full; with no part left out; whole
- Undivided; not shared or distributed.
A2TOEICMoreexecutive
US /ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv/
UK /ɪɡ'zekjətɪv/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A senior manager in a business or organization
- The branch of government responsible for enforcing laws.
- Adjective
- Of a high ranking job in a company
- Relating to the management of a business or organization.
A2TOEICMoreextremely
US /ɪk'strimlɪ/
UK /ɪkˈstri:mli/
- Adverb
- In a way that is much more than usual or expected
- Remarkably; unusually.
B1Morefulfill
US /fʊlˈfɪl/
UK /fʊl'fɪl/
- Transitive Verb
- To finish or provide something successfully
- To make real, to bring into effect
B2TOEICMoreinfantry
US /ˈɪnfəntri/
UK /'ɪnfəntrɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Group of soldiers who fight on foot
B2Moreinvasion
US /ɪnˈveʒən/
UK /ɪnˈveɪʒn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Entry into a place to cause harm
- An unwelcome intrusion into another's domain.
B1Morelack
US /læk/
UK /læk/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To not have, or not have enough, of something
- Uncountable Noun
- The state of not having or not having enough of
A2TOEICMoremilitary
US /ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri/
UK /'mɪlətrɪ/
- Noun
- Army or armed forces
- Adjective
- Concerning the army or navy
B1Moremission
US /ˈmɪʃən/
UK /'mɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A task or role someone is given to do
- Special assignment given to a person or group
B1TOEICMorepainkiller
US /ˈpenˌkɪlɚ/
UK /'peɪnkɪlə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Medicine used to relieve pain
C2Moreparticipate
US /pɑ:rˈtɪsɪpeɪt/
UK /pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpeɪt/
- Intransitive Verb
- To take part with others in doing something
- To be involved in a discussion or conversation.
B1TOEICMorepsychotherapist
US /ˌsaɪkoʊ'θerəpɪst/
UK /ˌsaɪkəʊ'θerəpɪst/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Therapist treating mental and emotional disorders
C1Moreregularly
US /ˈregjələrli/
UK /ˈregjələli/
- Adverb
- At the usual time each day, week, or month
- In a normal or customary way.
B1TOEICMorerehabilitation
US /ˌrihəˌbɪləˈteʃən/
UK /ˌri:əˌbɪlɪ'teɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Helping criminals, etc. to return to normal life
- The act of restoring something to its original state.
B2Moreremain
US /rɪˈmen/
UK /rɪˈmeɪn/
- Intransitive Verb
- To be left behind; to continue to exist
- To stay in a place when other people have gone
A2TOEICMorescale
US /skel/
UK /skeɪl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Size, level, or amount when compared
- Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To change the size of but keep the proportions
- To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
A2TOEICMoresevere
US /səˈvɪr/
UK /sɪ'vɪə(r)/
- Adjective
- Very bad; harsh
- (Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated
A2TOEICMoreshell
US /ʃɛl/
UK /ʃel/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Hard outer cover of an egg, fruit, nut, or seed
- Hard metal container containing a bullet
- Transitive Verb
- To remove the outer covering of peas, nuts etc.
- To fire shells (weapons) at
B1Morestrength
US /strɛŋkθ, strɛŋθ, strɛnθ/
UK /streŋθ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Condition of being strong
- The quality or state of being physically strong.
A2TOEICMorestress
US / strɛs/
UK /stres/
- Transitive Verb
- To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
- To put pressure on something or someone
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Emphasis on part of a word or sentence
- Pressure on something or someone
A2TOEICMorestruggle
US /ˈstrʌɡəl/
UK /'strʌɡl/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To try very hard to do something difficult
- To fight or struggle violently
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Strong efforts made to do something difficult
- A difficult or challenging situation or task
A2Moresubstance
US /ˈsʌbstəns/
UK /'sʌbstəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- Essence of; most basic or central qualities
- Particular type of material
A2Moretolerate
US /ˈtɑ:ləreɪt/
UK /ˈtɒləreɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To be able to adjust to changes of various kinds
- To be able to survive under specific conditions
B1Moretrauma
US /ˈtraʊmə/
UK /'trɔ:mə/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A very severe or upsetting experience
- Serious injury to part of the body
B2Moreunit
US /ˈjunɪt/
UK /ˈju:nɪt/
- Countable Noun
- One apartment in a building
- Group of people, e.g. soldiers, that work together
B2TOEICMore
Vocabulary
- anxiety: A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something that might happen, especially when the outcome is uncertain.
- constantly: Frequently, or without pause
- entire: Complete or full; with no part left out; whole
- struggle: To try very hard to do something difficult
- extremely: In a way that is much more than usual or expected
- constant: Happening frequently or without pause
- trauma: A very severe or upsetting experience
- scale: Size, level, or amount when compared
- experience: Thing a person has done or that happened to them
- severe: Very bad; harsh
- treat: To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
- executive: A senior manager in a business or organization
- strength: Condition of being strong
- consume: To eat, drink, buy or use up something
- combination: Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
- substance: Essence of; most basic or central qualities
- stress: To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
- combat: To fight someone or something physically
- lack: To not have, or not have enough, of something
- cope: To deal with something in spite of difficulties
- military: Army or armed forces
- tolerate: To be able to adjust to changes of various kinds
- abuse: To mistreat or be cruel towards someone
- mean: Average of a set of numbers
- state: Region within a country, with its own government
- addiction: Lack of control the overuse of something e.g. drugs
- remain: To be left behind; to continue to exist
- effect: An advantage, benefit
- distance: Lack of friendliness toward another person
- fulfill: To finish or provide something successfully
- empty: Containing nothing; with no contents
- assault: To attack someone physically or emotionally
- alcohol: A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
- competent: Fully qualified or capable of doing
- participate: To take part with others in doing something
- leave: To go away from; depart
- invasion: Entry into a place to cause harm
- regularly: At the usual time each day, week, or month
- normal: Standard or regular way of doing something
- rehabilitation: Helping criminals, etc. to return to normal life
- kind: In a caring and helpful manner
- pain: Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
- manage: To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
- control: A device designed to operate a machine
- civilian: Ordinary person who is not in the army
- continue: To do something without stopping, or after pausing
- mission: A task or role someone is given to do
- support: To give assistance or advice to someone
- active: Moving around a lot or doing many things
- shell: Hard outer cover of an egg, fruit, nut, or seed
- autopsy: Examination of dead body to find cause of death
- unit: One apartment in a building
- infantry: Group of soldiers who fight on foot
- psychotherapist: Therapist treating mental and emotional disorders
- painkiller: Medicine used to relieve pain
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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Drugs on the front line: Coping with war trauma in Ukraine | DW News
0
林宜悉 posted on 2026/05/25Dive into the intense realities of war trauma and its impact on soldiers in Ukraine. You'll hear firsthand accounts and expert insights into how some soldiers turn to drugs like methadone and stimulants to cope with the horrors of combat and the anxiety that follows, offering a powerful look at the psychological toll of conflict.
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